外文译文电气工程毕业

1、XX大学学生毕业设计（论文）外文译文学生姓名：XX学号：XX专业名称：电气工程及其自动化译文标题（中英文）：交流不间断电源（AC uninterrupted power supply）译文出处：电源工业总第134期指导教师审阅签名： 外文译文正文：1.Traditional ac uninterruptible power supplyUninterruptible Power System. Is a kind of containing the energy storage device, inverter as the main part of the constant voltage

2、and constant frequency of uninterrupted power supply. Is mainly used to give a single computer, computer network system or other power electronic devices to provide uninterrupted power supply. When normal mains input, UPS will be used after the mains voltage supply load, UPS is an ac mains voltage s

3、tabilizer at this time, at the same time it also to the machine inside the battery; When mains interruption (forced outage), UPS will immediately internal battery power, continue to supply to the load by the method of inverter switch 220 v alternating current (ac), the load to maintain the normal wo

4、rk and the protection of critical load of software and hardware from being damaged. UPS equipment usually is to provide protection to excessive voltage and the voltage is too low.Traditional single-phase, three-phase ac inverter points in application, voltage type and current type on the performance

5、 points, points on the structure of the basic multiple superposition inverter square wave inverter, phase shift, multilevel inverter, soft switch inverter, etc., points on the circuit topology of push-pull, half bridge type and bridge type, etc., are using PWM pulse width modulation technology, the

6、working process of a strong EMI interference, cause serious pollution to the grid, at the same time, low efficiency, waste of energy.If need 10 kva ac output power, the traditional inverter must put more than 12 kw dc input voltage, all transform into high frequency square wave voltage, and then thr

7、ough the low-pass filter into a quasi sine wave voltage (traditional inverter output, forever is not really a sine wave voltage), exist the following problems:(1) adopt the method of pulse width modulation, the generation of high frequency and high-power square-wave process, also is strong EMI inter

8、ference produced by the process, high power dc converter is equivalent to a high frequency power station, it is conceivable that the interference is serious.(2) the power transformation process, the input power of the whole must be on the actual power transformation, power must pass all transform co

9、re transformer or inductive transfer to get to the output side, the loss is big, the efficiency is low. Figure 09-01 is the principle diagram of the traditional ac inverter, the input mains through rectifier filter (the first power transform) after transformation into a dc voltage, dc voltage to the

10、 inverter circuit (the second power transform) into sine wave inverter voltage, by low pass filter output; When mains interruption, the dc voltage of the battery after booster (after) the third power transformation, carries on the inverter inverter into 220 v ac voltage from a low pass filter output

11、. The process experienced three kinds of power transformation, each power transformation will generate about 15% of power consumption, the overall efficiency is quite low.2. Ac and battery detection circuitFigure 09-04 is ac and battery detection circuit, circuit points two parts, front part is comm

12、unication detection circuit, detect whether mains electricity or within the rated range. The phase comparator LM339 termination steamed bread wave after the reference ac voltage rectifier voltage Va, reverse termination steamed bread wave after the mains rectifier voltage Vd. The rated range, when t

13、he input mains voltage Va, Vd is greater than the voltage comparator LM339 output low level, make the switch S1 is shut off; Or power failure when the input is less than the rated electric range, voltage Vd is less than the voltage Va, comparator LM339 output high level, make the switch S1 opening,

14、so the signal voltage V4 added between Q8 gate, Q8 conduction, battery voltage output load current.It is at the back of the battery detection circuit, battery voltage E01 received 4 n33 diode light coupling of anode, through resistor R7 loop formation, triode part into the emitter follower, through

15、the resistor R4, R5 and R12, R11 after partial pressure, connected to the clock chip NE555 / ALD Trig and Thresh side, when the battery voltage in the normal range, NE555 / ALD output low level, switch S2 off; When battery voltage is lower than the rated value, the NE555 / ALD output high level, mak

16、e the switch S2 opening, V5 signal voltage between the source of the gate in Q3, Q3 conduction, steamed bread after rectification wave voltage to charge battery.3. Polarity inversion circuitFigure 09-05 is polarity inversion power supply, its function is to read the input voltage polarity. MOS tube

17、of Q1, Q2 source resistance R2 and togetherC1, D4 series branch, D4 cathode grounding, the input voltage V3 is a positive voltage, V1, V2 is 50 hz square-wave drive signal. During the first 10 ms, Q1 conduction, V3 on resistor R5 form 10 ms square wave voltage, at the same time through D4 to chargin

18、g capacitor C1, polarity is negative; When coming in the second 10 ms, Q1 closing, Q2 conduction, brought C1 positive voltage grounding, diode D3 output load voltage, then get 10 ms on resistor R1 FuFang wave voltage. Figure 09-03 simulation waveform is on the left side of the positive and negative

19、pulse voltage, the dc output to be symmetrical, can increase the filtering capacity, in fact, figure 09-03 circuit, is a square wave inverter power supply. Polarity inversion circuit4. Four kinds of inverter circuit 1)Dc inverter circuitFigure09 06 is green power converter study of four: dc inverter

20、 power supply in the actual circuit, its characteristic is using four power MOS tube and dynamic rectifier circuit, set the input dc voltage Vi = 1, the R8 Voa=Sinxoutput sine wave voltage, load resistance in the dynamic rectifier circuit output sine wave voltage Vob = 1 - Sinx, Voa, Vob, two kinds

21、of output voltage and frequency, phase and amplitude.Is characterized the inverter circuit output voltage Voa = Sinx dont have to participate in power transformation, arrived dc output, as the output power, needs to be part of power transform Vob = 1 - Sinx, this part accounted for more than 30% of

22、the input voltage Vi = 1, the machine power loss is about 30% power loss resulting from the input power.2) the dc inverter circuitFigure of 09-07 is green power converter study 8: low-power photovoltaic (pv) grid inverter in the practical circuit (FIG. 08-05), its characteristic is to use Y directio

23、n using fourth-order differential superposition method, the load resistor R1 is fourth-order pagoda output voltage Vo, after cutting circuit voltage to the voltage sine wave voltage generated Voa, eight tune after cutting edge triangle, by dynamic Vob rectifier circuit output sine wave voltage, two

24、types of voltage and frequency, phase and amplitude.Cutting down eight small side of the triangle area, is far less than the area of (1 - Sinx), so the machine efficiency is much higher than in figure 09-04 inverter circuit.With the increase of Y direction differential number, namely with the increa

25、se of pagoda wave number, pagoda after wave is sine wave cut the area of the curved edge of the small triangle will be smaller and smaller, and finally tends to zero, the whole power of the inverter losses will also tend to be zero.3) the dc inverter circuitFigure of 09-08 is power converter study 9

26、: low-power ac uninterruptible power supply of the inverter is one of the actual circuit, its characteristic is to use two power MOS tube and dynamic rectifier circuit, set the input dc voltage Vi = 1, the R8 Voa = Sinx output sine wave voltage, load resistance in the dynamic rectifier circuit outpu

27、t sine wave voltage Vob = 1 - Sinx, Voa, Vob, two kinds of output voltage and frequency, phase and amplitude.Is characterized the inverter circuit output voltage Voa = Sinx dont have to participate in power transformation, arrived dc output, as the output power, needs to be part of power transform V

28、ob = 1 - Sinx, this part accounted for more than 30% of the input voltage Vi = 1, the machine power loss is about 30% power loss resulting from the input power.In figure 9-04, the main circuit is adopted by the two power MOS tube, dont need to commutation circuit, because the input voltage is genera

29、ted by polarity inversion circuit of square wave circuit.4) dc inverter circuitFigure of 09-09 is green power converter study 9: low-power ac uninterruptible power supply in the second the actual circuit of the inverter, its characteristic is to use two power MOS tube and dynamic rectifier circuit,

30、set the input is a dc low voltage Vi = 1, the R8 Voa = Sinx output sine wave voltage, load resistance in the dynamic rectifier circuit output sine wave voltage Vob = 1 - Sinx, Voa, Vob, two kinds of output voltage and frequency, phase and amplitude, formed in transformer TX1 and TX2 envelope double-

31、sideband high frequency square wave voltage Vo for sine wave, the voltage after dynamic rectification, became a sine wave voltage output.The inverter circuit is characterized by: the input dc low voltage (12 v) need not additional booster, approach is in low voltage inverter sine wave voltage, when

32、the voltage is obtained by transformer after booster needed sine wave voltage 220 v.The above introduced four kinds of inverter circuit, is under different input conditions using different method, green power converter for different conditions, will produce different ways to deal with, this is the r

33、eal meaning of green power converter. Dynamic commutation and voltage related concepts such as cutting, basic circuit, please refer to one of green power converter research: relevant concepts and principles, power source expo 2011 the seventh period 5. the environmental characteristics of the ac uni

34、nterrupted power supply(1) when the mains is normal, the utility only after ac voltage stabilizer output directly, and the efficiency of ac voltage stabilizer is close to 100%, so the efficiency of the uninterruptible power supply is also close to 100%;(2) when the mains interruption, dc voltage int

35、o the inverter circuit, battery when battery dc voltage is higher, can choose FIG. 09 06, 09-09-07, 08, as shown in circuit of inverter, when the dc voltage of the battery is low, can be used as shown in FIG. 09 09 inverter circuit;(3) with uninterruptible power supply operation and work for a long

36、time in there is mains, and mains interruption, running and working less in the cases the inverter battery case, less negligible, from the point of view of statistical analysis, the overall efficiency is the efficiency of the grid case, close to 100%.外文译文中文：1、传统交流不间断电源UPS(Uninterruptible Power Syste

37、m)，即不间断电源，是一种含有储能装置，以逆变器为主要组成部分的恒压、恒频的不间断电源。主要用于给单台计算机、计算机网络系统或其它电力电子设备提供不间断的电力供应。当市电输入正常时，UPS 将市电稳压后供应给负载使用，此时的UPS就是一台交流市电稳压器，同时它还向机内电池充电；当市电中断(事故停电)时，UPS立即将机内电池的电能，通过逆变转换的方法向负载继续供应220V交流电，使负载维持正常工作并保护负载软、硬件不受损坏。UPS设备通常对电压过大和电压太低都提供保护。传统交流逆变器在应用上分单相、三相，在性能上分电压型、电流型，在结构上分基本型方波逆变器、移相多重叠加逆变器、多电平逆变器、软开

38、关逆变器等等，在电路拓朴上分推挽式、半桥式、全桥式等等，都是采用PWM脉宽调制技术，工作过程中产生强烈EMI干扰，对电网造成严重污染，同时效率低，浪费能源。假如需要10KVA交流输出功率，传统逆变器必须把12KW以上的直流输入电压，全部变换成高频方波电压，然后经过低通滤波器变成准正弦波电压(传统逆变器输出的，永远不是真正的正弦波电压)，存在以下毛病：(1)采用脉宽调制的方法，高频率、大功率方波的产生过程，也就是强烈EMI干扰产生的过程，大功率直流变换器相当于一个高频功率发射台，可以想见，所产生的干扰何其严重。(2)功率变换过程中，输入功率的全部必须进行实际的功率变换，所有变换的功率必须通过磁芯

39、变压器或电感传递才能到达输出端，损耗大，效率低。图09-01是传统交流逆变器的原理框图，输入的市电经过整流滤波(第一种功率变换)后变换成直流电压，此直流电压进行逆变电路逆变(第二种功率变换)成正弦波电压，由低通滤波器输出；当市电中断时，蓄电池的直流电压经过升压(第三种功率变换)后，进行逆变器逆变成220V交流电压从低通滤波器输出。上述过程历经三种功率变换，每一次功率变换都会产生约15%的功率损耗，其整机效率相当低。2 交流及电池检测电路图09-04是交流和蓄电池检测电路，电路分两部份，前部份是交流检测电路，检测市电是否断电或在额定范围之内。比较器LM339的同相端接参考交流电压整流后的馒头波电

40、压Va，反相端接市电整流后的馒头波电压Vd。当输入市电在额定范围之内，电压Vd大于电压Va，比较器LM339输出低电平，使开关S1关断；当输入市电小于额定范围或停电时，电压Vd小于电压Va，比较器LM339输出高电平，使开关S1开通，于是信号电压V4加在Q8的栅源之间，Q8导通，蓄电池电压输出提供负载电流。后部份是蓄电池检测电路，蓄电池电压E01接到光耦4N33二极管部份的阳极，通过电阻R7形成回路，三极管部份接成射极跟随器，经过电阻R4、R12和R5、R11分压后，接入时钟芯片NE555/ALD的Trig和Thresh端，当蓄电池电压在正常范围时，NE555/ALD输出低电平，开关S2关断；

41、当蓄电池电压低于额定值时，NE555/ALD输出高电平，使开关S2开通，信号电压V5加在Q3的栅源之间，Q3导通，整流后的馒头波电压对蓄电池进行充电。3 极性反转电路图09-05是极性反转电源，其功能是把输入电压的极性取反。MOS管Q1、Q2的共同源极接电阻R2和C1、D4的串联支路，D4的阴极接地，输入电压V3是正电压，驱动信号V1、V2是50Hz的方波。前10ms期间，Q1导通，V3在电阻R5上形成10ms的方波电压，同时通过D4向电容C1充电，极性上正下负；第二个10ms到来的时候，Q1截止，Q2导通，把C1的正电压端接地，二极管D3输出负电压，于是在电阻R1上得到10ms的负方波电压。图09-03左边的仿真波形是正负脉冲电压，要得到对称直流输出，可以加大滤波电容，实际上，图09-03的电路，也是一个方波逆变电源。4 四种逆变电路1)直流逆变电路图09-06是绿色功率变换器研究之四：直流逆变电源中的实际电路（图04-05），其特点是采用四个功率MOS管和动态整流电路，设输入是直流电压Vi=1，在负载电阻R8输出正弦波电压Voa= Sinx，在动态整流电路输出正弦波电压Vob=1-Sinx，Voa、Vob两种输出电压同频率、同相位、同幅度。此逆变电路的特点是：输出电压Voa=Sinx不必参与功率变换，直流到达输出端，成为输出功率，需要进行