英语四级评分标准以及作文模板

1、第一节 四级作文的评分原则 （一）评分原则作文考查的是考生对词语、句子的运用能力和语法结构的理解能力，具体体现为综合运用书面语言进行交流的能力，同时体现着考生的语言能力和思维能力。因此，考生不仅要具备扎实的语法功底、充足的词汇和精确的语句表达能力，同时还要善于观察事物的变化规律，合理地分析问题，并能针对问题提出相应的解决方案。也就是说，要在作文上取得好成绩，考生不仅要做到用词准确，文字连贯，语言规范，同时还要兼顾表意清楚，衔接自然，做到主题鲜明，内容统一，层次分明，逻辑合理。如果仅仅是语言文字功底很好，但是内容不切题意，得分仍会很低；如果内容切题，但是语句表达错误百出，缺乏条理，词不达意，同样

2、不能得高分。因此，四级作文评分实行的是总体评分的原则(Global Scoring)。阅卷人根据对考生作文的总体印象和总体表达效果给分，而不是按语法、词汇、拼写、标点等错误累计数目的多少来扣分。也就是说，阅卷人就内容和语言两个方面结合起来给作文打分，作文的语言和内容是一个有机的统一体。（二）评分要求在总体评分原则的指导下，具体评分强调五方面的标准，即内容切题，表达清楚，文字连贯，句式有变化和语言规范。1卷面整洁阅卷教师翻开考生试卷时，首先映入眼帘的是：卷面是否整洁、字体是否工整、书写是否清晰，这些在考生看来是“小节”而这些对阅卷教师主观上的影响是可想而知的。2字数达标作文字数的要求一般在120

3、词左右，作文字数如少于120词，该篇作文即使写得不错也很难得高分。这也并不说明写得越长越好，因为： 议论文要求结构严谨、用词正式、语言简练，考生很难在有限的时间内即要注意以上方面又要语言表达清楚。 在篇幅有限的情况下，考生如果开始时“洋洋洒洒”，不免会在结尾时“虎头蛇尾”，文章的质量就会大打折扣。阅卷教师在阅卷时即要“保质”又要“保量”，如果考生的作文篇幅大大超过所规定字数，不免会出现前两种情况，与此同时影响了阅卷教师的阅卷速度，也波及了阅卷教师的情绪，考试“结果”可想而知。3文体统一正式文体的文章不宜用非正式的语句。常发现有的考生在一篇很正式的议论文中用以下的句子结束本文：OK, this

4、is what I want to say; Thats my opinion； Do you agree with me?; Thats all, thank you. 等等，使得文章“不伦不类。”4主题突出标题如果是“Pollution from Cars”或“Air Pollution”，以下段落的阐述显得有些赘述：“Part of this problem is the worlds exploding population. A growing population undoubtedly means more factories polluting the air. Besides

5、, land and water pollution has also increased. Pollution is, in fact, threatening our health, our happiness, and our civilization.”尤其是“Besides, land and water pollution has also increased.”一句，还有点“跑题”。5文字连贯一篇好文章要注重连贯性。连贯性主要体现在句子与句子、段落与段落的衔接上，这种衔接要通过过渡词语来实现，以达到文章通顺，语言流畅。例如：It is clear that television

6、news can vividly bring into us dramatic events of importance, such as wars, games and so on, but it can not cover important stories in detail they may deserve because of its time limitation. On the contrary, print news excels in its ability to devote as much space to a story as it see fit, though it

7、 can not compete with television visually. Besides, television is essentially a passive medium.“such as, but, because of, on the contrary, though, besides”这些过渡词把句子从语义上连接起来，形成一个有机的整体，读起来犹如行云流水自然酣畅。6内容一致要删除多余的词语，否则，一是破坏了文章的一致性，二是有“凑字数”之嫌。如：“1) Scientists fear that nuclear energy will one day destroy u

8、s. 2) They say that the explosion of a nuclear bomb can kill millions of people and cause disease and deformity in later generation. 3) Because of limited energy resources, scientists are studying the possibilities of nuclear power. 4) And any failure from a nuclear plant can work enormous damage to

9、 the affected area 5) Whats more, up to now people have not discovered a safe way to dispose of radioactive wastes.”本段中的3) Because of limited energy resources, scientists are studying the possibilities of nuclear power.与主题不符，也与第二和第四句不连贯，应删除。7词语多样词、句型使用的多样化不仅给文章增加了色彩和可读性，与此同时也可反映考生的词汇量和语言掌握的程度等。考生在举例

10、说明的段落中尤其要注意词语的多样性。例如，在列举五种污染源时下面的文字表达值得学习。“In a typical city there are five main sources of air pollution. Waste disposal is the least importantit causes only 3% of the total pollution. Heating accounts for 6%. The next most important source is power plantsthey account for 14%; and 17% of the pollut

11、ion in the air comes from industry. But by far the most serious cause of air pollution is cars: cars alone cause 60% of air pollution in most large cities.”8考点覆盖无论是什么形式的作文都有写作内容上的要求，一般为三个方面。考生在动笔前定要看清写作内容上的要求，以确保文章覆盖所有考点。9语言流畅评分要求已清楚告诉考生文章要：语言流畅、文章通顺、表达准确，这是得高分的基础。Last year the British public spent

12、two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, to say nothing of animal care bills and furniture. (1) It is difficult not to feel resentful about this when one considers what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, (2) and it is not unusual for me to get hot under the collar w

13、hen I read about another old person who has left all his/her money to a dog or cat home.这两句在表达意义上用词十分到位，随着两个“when”引导的状语从句内容的递进，主句对表现“气愤”程度的加强通过用词的不同而表达的淋漓尽致；排比结构的运用使观点更加明确：在（1）中“It is difficult not”和“to feel resentful about this”与（2）中的“it is not unusual”和“to get hot under the collar”词语表达极其准确、语言非常流畅，

14、使读者叹为观止。这要求考生在平时大量阅读好文章时多注意积累。10首尾呼应写作时注意到上述几项可以为文章增色添彩，用阅卷者的行话为“闪光点”，也就是说是加分的因素。除此而外，更重要的一点是要注意文章的完整性，即首尾要呼应。如文章题目为“HEALTH”，其首尾的呼应是：It is clear that health is the foundation of ones future success. As the proverb says, No one knows the value of health until he loses it.” In other words, nothing is

15、more valuable than health.In conclusion, if you want your wish to come true, health is the most important ingredient of your success.可以看出文章第一句和最后一句均说明健康的重要性，使首尾遥相呼应，使文章表达主题准确、完整。11检查到位这个重要环节往往被考生忽略不计，而因为少了这个环节所造成的后果真可谓是“功亏一篑”。在阅卷过程中，时不时会发现本“不该发生的事情”，如：“ourself; thinked; the person who are ”，而这些会“酿成不

16、良后果”的错误完全可在一、两分钟的时间内检查、修改完成。所以，在写完短文后，定要耐心地再读一遍，即可避免这“不该发生的事情”。考生在检查修改时着重以下方面的内容：1） 拼写错误-看似小事，但事关重大。2）语法错误-如果把作文中常见的语法错误让考生作为改错题来修改，考生本人都会觉得不可思议，所以考生应特别注意这些问题：时态、语态、语气、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。3）句子完整与否，考生往往因为定语太长而忽略了主句的完整，通过检查，这类错误便一目了然。因为有了动笔前的必不可少准备活动，即审题等，文章一般不会跑题，所以文章不需大改动。五、阅卷人分析阅卷人的情况也在一定程度上影响着考生的最终成绩

17、，如阅卷人的兴趣，爱好，自身的写作风格，对待考卷的态度及时间限制等。阅卷人的这些情况成为客观存在的影响考生作文成绩的因素，这是任何人都不得不承认的。这些情况包括：1高度的责任感四级作文成绩关系重大，往往决定一个考生的命运，所以阅卷人的态度应当是严肃认真的。然而，在硕士四级考试这种选拔性的考试中，这种严肃态度不可避免地体现为“手太硬”，而绝非“心太软”。因此，阅卷人对错误和不足是很敏感的。这种敏感性使考生作文中的各种失误成为留在阅卷人第一印象中的最重要因素，因而也是扣分的最常见根据。2三遍浏览定成绩可以说，没有一个阅卷人是在一字一句地读完一篇四级作文后考虑再三才给出最后成绩的。实际上不可能也没有

18、必要那样做，最根本的原因是，作文评分是综合评分，而不是按点给分。以此为依据，阅卷人不必看完全篇就可以得出关于该篇文章语言水平的结论。这也是实际阅卷工作例行的操作方法。通常，阅卷人只需对一篇文章浏览三遍就可以打出非常客观的成绩。第一遍看文章的结构层次以及内容是否切题。只要文章字数符合要求，各段有明确的主题，有充分有力的论据，安排得当，就可以基本确定为第二档的成绩(11分左右)，这个阶段大约只需10秒钟。第二遍选择最能体现考生语言能力的一段文字，观察其语言水平。这一遍需要较为仔细地阅读。这一阶段可以基本确定该文的分数上浮或下调的幅度，通常只需要20秒钟。第三遍再次浏览全文，搜索亮点和不足之处，最后

19、确定对该文成绩进行微调的幅度，这个阶段也只需10秒钟。3高分作文特点只有充分地考虑到以上因素并加以正确的利用才能写出一篇在阅卷人看来是优秀的文章。这样的优秀四级作文一般具有如下特点：1）内容切题。这个标准包括结构完整，内容充实(包含提纲、图表、图画和题目要求的所有信息)，主题突出，上下文内容统一。内容不切题或根本就文不对题会导致大幅度扣分。2）表达清楚。要求文章具有清晰的层次和充分有力的论证。中英文化差异造成思维方式和文字表述方式的截然不同：汉语中多出现概括描述，而英文表述更注重事实论证。所以，写英语作文不要过多的进行心理、环境描写，而是要用理由和实例来说明问题。3）文字连贯。语言表达流畅，能

20、使用恰当的连接词，使前后语句意思连贯、逻辑性强，不相互矛盾，不东拉西扯。4）句法多变。为避免文章平淡、呆板，可使用不同的句式：强调句、倒装句、否定句等等。长短句使用合理相间，用短句表达有力的结论，用长句体现严密的逻辑关系。 5）语言规范。包括用词准确，并能表现出足够大的词汇量；所用语言符合英语的表达习惯并且语法错误较少；不出现破句和不合理的断句；正确使用平行结构。阅卷人会按照总体的标准得出大致印象，再参照分档计分标准进行适当的加分和减分。 第二节: 十二句作文法写作模板 十二句作文模板共分五类：观点论证型模板、问题解决型模板、现象解释型模板、对比选择型模板与应用文型模板。每种模板均采用三段式结

21、构，整个模板由十二个句子组成。给出的部分基本上确定了主句的句型结构，是一篇作文的表达形式，需要考生填充的部分是文章的核心内容与主题思想。一、对比选择型十二句作文模板这类题型是六级考试写作中最为常见的，它的标志也十分明显，非常容易辨别。作文题目的目标比较明确，富有针对性，即直接要求考生比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己对问题或事物的态度（或观点），也就是做出选择。模板一：Different people have quite different views on _. It is held by some people that_. But it is also held by others

22、that _.Those who hold the first opinion think that _. In their view, _. In contrast, those who hold the opposite view think that _. They argued that _.As far as I am concerned, I agree with _. Admittedly, _. Furthermore, _. (11)Finally, _. (12)In conclusion, _.套用对比选择型模板一后的范文：1对比选择型四级真题（2000年6月）Direc

23、tions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic：Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1 多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是；2 有人持不同意见；3 我的看法和打算Is a Test of Spoke

24、n English Necessary?Different people have quite different views on a test of spoken English. It is held by some people that it is absolutely necessary to adopt such a test in China But it is also held by others that it is unnecessary.Those who hold the first opinion think that fluent speaking abilit

25、y is badly needed in todays society but we have been told many times that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native English speaker. In their view, a test of spoken English will bring the importance of oral English to the awareness of th

26、e college students, and thus help them with their communicating skills. In contrast, those who hold the opposite view think that many people do not use spoken English at all in their job, and good reading and writing skills would be enough for the English learners. They argue that college students a

27、re already under considerable pressure from their coursework, and fluent spoken English does not necessarily mean a better job. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the former opinion. Admittedly, the test can encourage college students to try every means to improve their spoken English. Furthermo

28、re, since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak fluent English is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Finally, I am determined to improve my spoken English, and I think the test will bring much good to me. (12)In conclus

29、ion, the test of spoken English is necessary.点出两种观点的焦点：a test of spoken English；同时还是整段文章的主题句。和是表明两种不同的观点，形成了鲜明的对比，为下文的展开做好了铺垫，也是的扩展句，起到了补充说明的作用。和揭示第一种观点的理由和英语口语考试的重要性。其中的learning English for over ten years与cannot even communicate with a native English speaker所表明的结果给读者一种“触目惊心”之感，以此证明主题的内容。和两句在语义上相互照应

30、，从多方面方面揭示支持第二种观点的理由。短语的点缀、句型的变化增加了文章的亮点，under considerable pressure的使用会引起有此经历的“共鸣”。个人的观点鲜明，支持第一种观点。、和(11)就以上的观点进一步说明，点出提纲中的第二方面的内容。文中亮点多，效果好，如：encourage sb. to do sth.；try every means to do sth.；policy of opening and reform；surpass；in a highly competitive society等等。(12) 整篇文章的总结，照应前文，既是结论，又是主旨。2对比选择型

31、四级真题（1999年6月）Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 有人认为读书要有选择；2. 有人认为应当博览群书；3. 我的看法Reading Selectivel

32、y Or Extensively?Different people have quite different views on reading. It is held by some people that students should read selectively. But it is also held by others that students should read extensively.Those who hold the first opinion think that selective reading is the best way for high efficie

33、ncy. In their view, students overspend time on non-professional book because their time is limited. In contrast, those who hold the opposite view think that students should absorb all kinds knowledge. They argued that students cannot get a general view about the world without extensive reading. As f

34、ar as I am concerned, I agree with the former opinion. Admittedly, reading selectively is not equal to reading with discrimination. Furthermore, students can devote his limited time and energy to reading relevant and beneficial books. (11)Finally, reading irrelevant books only wastes our time. (12)

35、In conclusion, reading selectively is the best way for study.reading点出两种观点的归属范围。、两个并列的从句（带should的祈使句）表明两种不同的观点，形成了对比。the best way揭示支持第一种观点的理由。overspend一词与该句中的limited、irrelevant同时出现在一句中，语义和谐，逻辑合理，增强了文章的说服力。和两句在语义上相互照应，分别从正、反两个方面揭示支持第二种观点的理由。个人的观点鲜明，支持第一种观点。is not equal to指出两种观点争论的关键所在。进一步指明正确的做法。(11)

36、指出不这样做的危害。(12)照应前文，既是结论，又是主旨。3对比选择型四级真题（1998年6月）Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic： Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1

37、有些人认为某些数字会带来好运；2也有些人认为数字和运气无关；3试说明你的看法Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?Different people have quite different views on lucky numbers. It is held by some people that lucky numbers will bring luck. But it is also held by others that lucky numbers will never bring luck.Those who hold the first

38、opinion think that lucky numbers make one feel lucky and in turn ones lucky mind will inspire one to create lucky things. In their view, lucky numbers has nothing to do with luck. In contrast, those who hold the opposite view think that lucky numbers are actually numbers, which have nothing to do wi

39、th luck, and some people like lucky numbers just for fun. They argue that lucky numbers are superstitious. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. Admittedly, lucky numbers make some people feel lucky, but a lucky mind will not work miracles. Furthermore, lucky numbers can never c

40、hange objective reality. (11) Finally, I should believe the truth instead of lucky numbers. (12) )In conclusion, it is you yourself who really bring good luck and success with your effort.点出两种观点的归属范围；同时还是整段文章的主题句。和是表明两种不同的观点，形成了鲜明的对比，为下文的展开做好了铺垫，也是的扩展句，起到了补充说明的作用。和揭示支持第一种观点的理由。和两句在语义上相互照应，从多方面方面揭示支持

41、第二种观点的理由。短语have nothing to do with的使用恰到好处，斩钉截铁地说明numbers和luck没有如何连带关系。就以上的观点的总结提出作者个人的观点。和(11)进一步指明作者的观点。(12) 整篇文章的总结，照应前文，既是结论，又是主旨。模板二：There is a pair of opposite ideas on _. Some people consider that _. However, others hold the opposite view that _.Some people would say that _. They hold this vie

42、w because _.In contrast, others believe that _.They argue that _.As to me, I am in favor of_. First(ly), _. Second(ly), _. (11) The most important of all, _. (12)In a word, _.套用对比选择型模板二后的范文：1对比选择型四级真题（2000年6月）Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the top

43、ic： Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1 人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是；2 有人持不同意见；3 我的看法和打算Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?There is a pair of opposite ideas on a test of spoken English. Som

44、e people consider that it is absolutely necessary to adopt such a test in China However, others hold the opposite view that it is unnecessary.Some people would say that fluent speaking ability is badly needed in todays society but we have been told many times that a Chinese student who has been lear

45、ning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native English speaker. They hold this view because a test of spoken English will bring the importance of oral English to the awareness of the college students, and thus help them with their communicating skills. In contrast, others beli

46、eve that many people do not use spoken English at all in their job, and good reading and writing skills would be enough for the English learners. They argue that college students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework, and fluent spoken English does not necessarily mean a bett

47、er job. As to me, I am in favor of the former opinion. First(ly), the test can encourage college students to try every means to improve their spoken English. Second(ly), since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak fluent English is a must for anyone who wants to

48、surpass others in a highly competitive society. (11) The most important of all, I am determined to improve my spoken English, and I think the test will bring much good to me. (12)In a word, the test of spoken English is necessary.2对比选择型四级真题（1999年6月）Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty m

49、inutes to write a composition on the topic: Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 有人认为读书要有选择；2. 有人认为应当博览群书；3. 我的看法Reading Selectively Or Extensively?There is a pair of opposite ideas on reading. S

50、ome people consider that students should read selectively. However, others hold the opposite view students should read extensively.Some people would say that selective reading is the best way for high efficiency. They hold this view students overspend time on non-professional book because their time

51、 is limited. In contrast, others believe that students should absorb all kinds knowledge. They argued that students cannot get a general view about the world without extensive reading. As to me, I am in favor of the former opinion. First(ly), reading selectively is not equal to reading with discrimi

52、nation. Second(ly), students can devote his limited time and energy to reading relevant and beneficial books. (11) The most important of all, reading irrelevant books only wastes our time. (12)In a word, reading selectively is the best way for study.模板三：When asked about _ , different people will off

53、er different opinions. Some people take it for granted that _. However, other people hold that _.Some people think that_. In their opinions, _. While others maintain that_. They believe that _. From my part, I prefer _. For one thing, _. For another, _. Therefore, _. It may be safe to say that _.Is

54、a Test of Spoken English Necessary?When asked about a test of spoken English, different people will offer different opinions. Some people take it for granted that it is absolutely necessary to adopt such a test in China However, other people hold that it is unnecessary.Some people think that fluent

55、speaking ability is badly needed in todays society but we have been told many times that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native English speaker. In their opinions, a test of spoken English will bring the importance of oral English to

56、the awareness of the college students, and thus help them with their communicating skills. While others maintain that many people do not use spoken English at all in their job, and good reading and writing skills would be enough for the English learners. They believe that college students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework, and fluent spoken English does not necessarily mean a better job. From my part, I prefer the former opinion. For one thing, the test can encourage college students to try every means to improve their spoken English. For another, since C