语法通霸值得推荐的一本书

1、2015版第一章 非谓语3在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式。(参看P. 62Error! Reference source not found.)英语中非谓语动词包括：动名词、现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式。无论它们在句中作什么成分，他们都保持着自己本身的属性特点。动名词：具有名词功能，常在句中作主语、宾语，作定语时表功能；现在分词: 表主动和正在进行, 常在句中作定语、状语、宾补；过去分词：被动和已完成，常在句中作定语、状语、补语；动词不定式：表将来具体某一次，常在句中作主语、定语、状语、补语、宾语等。要学好非谓语，掌握它们的本身属性很关键。第1讲 动词

2、-ed形式和-ing形式的构成规则动词的过去式和过去分词一般都是在词尾加-ed，一般过去时中谓语用动词的过去式形式；被动语态和非谓语中用动词的过去分词形式。动名词和现在分词一般都是在词尾加-ing 考点1. 规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则A. 一般在词尾直接加-ed，清辅音后读t，浊辅音和原音后读d，在t和d后读Idwork worked worked wÎùkt play played played pleIdwash washed washed wStclean cleaned cleaned kliùndwatch watched watched wt

3、Stbrush brushed brushed brÃStplantplanted planted ÈplAùntId B. 以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加-dlive lived lived ÈlIvdclose closed closed kl«Uzdlike liked liked laIktC. 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变-y为-i加-edstudy studied studied ÈstÃdIdcarry carried carried ÈkQrIdworry worried worried Èw&

4、#195;rIdD. 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+edstop stopped stopped stptplan planned planned plQnd考点2. 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词have had haddo did doneget got got/gotten go went goneread read red read redsay said sed said sedbecome became becomeeat ate eIt ate Èiùt«nsee saw sù seen siùn feel felt fe

5、ltsweepsweptsweptdrink drank dranksit sat satteach taught taughtcatch caught caught不规则动词的过去式过去分词表参看附录部分练习1. 写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词sayplayflythrowplanstopfightbuyteachcatchsinghang(悬挂)hang(绞死)watchridewritetearwearstudycarrylaylie（平躺）eatfreezefoundfindshoot feedreadcoststickdighearhithurtleaddrawgrowspitbea

6、tmeandealdreamlearnshinespeakforgivebegin考点3. 现在分词和动名词的构成规则动名词和现在分词一般都是在词尾加-ingA. 一般情况下直接加-ingthink thinkingsleep sleepingstudy studyingspeak speakingsay sayingcarry carryingB. 以不发音的字母-e结尾的单词，去掉字母-e，再加-ingwake wakingmake makingcome comingtake takingleave leavinghave havingC. 以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅+元+辅”结构的动词，

7、先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ingstop stoppingsit sittingrun runningforget forgettingbegin beginning常见的需要双写末尾辅音字母的还有cut, get, hit, set, spit, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, regret, rid, 等。D. 以-ie结尾的动词，把-ie改为-y ，再加-ing die dyinglie lyingtie tying练习2. 写出下列动词的-ing形式runswimbegindieliewritecomesaystudydrop考点4. 以-l结尾的动词

8、的-ed形式和-ing形式A. control k«nÈtr«Ul重音在第二个音节，要双写-lcontrolcontrolledcontrolled (英美都双写)controlcontrolling (英美都双写)B. 在非重读音节中，英国英语双写-l，美国英语不双写travel travelled travelled (英国英语双写-l)travel traveled traveled (美国英语不双写-l)travel travelling (英国英语双写-l)traveltraveling (美国英语不双写-l)属于这类的还有：signal, equal,

9、 label, dial, quarrel等。C. 在重读音节中，-l前不只一个元音时（构不成“两辅夹一元），在英美英语中都不双写-l。cool cooled cooled (英美都不双写)mail mailed mailed (英美都不双写)mail mailing (英美都不双写)cool cooling (英美都不双写)属于这一类的还有：boil, fail, fool, sail, seal, spoil等。考点5. 以重读的-r音节结尾时，要双写-r再加-ed或-ing-r音节指的是-ar, -er, -ir, -or, 和-ur。refer referred referred 参看

10、prefer preferred preferred 比较喜欢star starred starred 主演stir stirred stirred 搅动refer referring参看prefer preferring 比较喜欢star starring主演stir stirring搅动考点6. 以-ic结尾，把-c变-ck加-ed或-ingpicnicpicnickedpicnicked野餐 panicpanickedpanicked 恐慌picnicpicnicking 野餐 panicpanicking恐慌练习3. 写出下列动词的-ed形式和-ing形式referpreferpani

11、cpicnicmailcontroltravelquarrel第2讲 作主语考点1. 动词不定式作主语与动名词作主语的区别动词原形是不能作主语的。动词作主语时，如果侧重于表示经常性，在动词后面加-ing构成动名词来主语；如果侧重于表示将来特定的某一次，则用动词不定式来作主语。 Playing basketball is my favorite sport.(“打篮球”指经常性，因此用动名词。)To go to a key college is his dream.(“上名牌大学”指特定的将来的某一次，用不定式。)有时为了对称，主语、宾语（或表语）要么都用不定式，要么都用动名词。Seeing i

12、s believing. To see is to believe.1. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk2. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposed C. Being exposedD. After being exposed3. To answer correctly is more important than

13、_.A. that you finish quicklyB. finishing quickly C. to finish quicklyD. finish quickly4. _ now seems impossible.A. Saving moneyB. To save money C. Being saved moneyD. To be saved money5. 【2009四川】He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had6. 【2013福建】_ bas

14、ic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. KnownB. Having known C. KnowingD. Being known考点2. what在问句中作主语时，常用动名词短语来回答把特殊疑问句看作是对句子主语（常是动名词）提问变化而来的。7. What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her new bicycle.A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing写作专练1. 正确选择不定式或动名词

15、作主语(P. 203 )第3讲 作表语考点1. 动词不定式作表语与动名词作表语的区别表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语，表示经常性时常用动名词作表语。1. Her wish is _ an engineer.A. becomingB. become C. to becomeD. being come2. Some peoples greatest pleasure is _.A. fishingB. to fishC. to be fishingD. being fish考点2. 动词不定式作表语时，to的省略问题动词不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to。T

16、he last thing I want to do is hurt you. But its still on the list. 我真不想伤害你，但你也别逼我。3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese. A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share4. I think the best thing you should do is _ another job.A. look

17、ing forB. looked forC. look forD. about to look for考点3. 动名词作表语与进行时的区别动名词作表语时是说明主语的职责和功能等，和主语是对等关系，没有正在进行之意，而现在分词有正在进行之意。如：My job is looking after the children.(looking 为动名词)He is looking after the baby. (looking 为现在分词)考点4. 现在分词和过去分词作表语时相当于-ed形容词和-ing形容词-ing 形容词，“令人的”；-ed形容词，“令人感到的”，有被动意味。（参看P. 25）5.

18、 Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly6. Climbing mountains was _, so we all felt _.A. tiring; tiredB. tired; tiring C. tiring; tiringD. tired; tired7. We must treasure every minute because _ time is

19、 _ forever.A. lost; losingB. lost; lost C. losing; losingD. losing; lost 8. Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. to seatB. to be seatedC. seatingD. seated考点5. be to blame应为某事负责(参看P. 78考点1.D)The careless driver was to blame for the accident.那个粗心的司机应为这场事故负责。写作专练2. 非谓语作表语时应注意(

20、P. 203 )第4讲 作宾语24作宾语用动词不定式还是动名词主要是看谓语动词的搭配。考点1. 有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语这类及物动词常见的有：agree (同意) , attempt (试图) , afford 付得起，agree 同意，ask 要求，apply 申请，care (想要) , choose (决定、要) , decide (决定) , desire (希望) , determine (决心) , help 帮助，expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (学习) , manage (设法) , offe

21、r (愿意) , plan (计划、打算) , pretend (假装) , refuse (拒绝、谢绝) , wish (希望) , promise (答应)，want（想要）等等。1. We asked _ to work in the countryside.A. to be sentB. to send C. to be sendingD. sending2. 【2010江西】There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.A. to discoverB. to be discovered C. discoveredD.

22、 being discovered3. I expected _ your friend, but my car broke down on the way.A. Ill meetB. meeting C. to meetingD. to meet4. She told me that she had decided _ again.A. be not lateB. not be lateC. not to be lateD. to be not late5. Almost everyone fails _ on the first try.A. in passing his drivers

23、testB. to pass his drivers testC. to have passed his drivers testD. passing his drivers test6. The two weavers pretended _ very hard, though they did nothing at the looms.A. workB. workingC. to be workedD. to be working7. When he got off the train, it happened _.A. to rainB. to be rainingC. rainingD

24、. to raining8. I didnt _ it until you had explained how.A. manage to doB. managed to doC. manage to have doneD. manage doing9. The young driver offered _ the patient out of the car.A. to handB. handingC. handsD. would hand10. The white horse refused _ the stone wall.A. its jumpingB. to jumpC. jumpin

25、g upD. to jump at考点2. 有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语： admit 承认，advise 建议，allow 允许，appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，consider 考虑，delay 推迟，deny 否认，discuss 讨论，dislike 不喜欢，enjoy 喜爱，escape 逃脱，excuse 原谅，fancy 设想，finish 完成，forbid 禁止，forgive 原谅，give up 放弃，imagine 想像，keep 保持，mention 提及，mind 介意，miss 没赶上， permit

26、 允许，practice 练习，prevent 阻止，prohibit 禁止，put off 推迟，risk 冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，feel like想做某事。11. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to callB. you callC. your callingD. youre calling12. 【2013上海】Young people may risk _ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to goB. to have

27、 goneC. goingD. having gone13. You can keep the book until you _.A. have finished readingB. finish to read C. will finish readingD. have finished to read14. Ali said that she wouldnt mind _ alone at home.A. leftB. being leftC. to be leftD. leaving15. If you keep _ English, you can learn English well

28、.A. practicing speakB. practicing speaking C. practicing to speakD. to practise spoken16. We are considering _ a new plan.A. makingB. being madeC. to makeD. to have made17. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch18. Can you imagine yourself _

29、 on a desert island?A. stayingB. stayC. have stayedD. being stayed19. We can understand why he avoids _ to us.A. to speakB. speechC. having spokenD. speaking20. Please excuse my _ in without _.A. come; askingB. coming; asking C. to come; being askedD. coming; being asked21. Why have they delayed _ t

30、he new school?A. openingB. to openC. having openedD. to have opened22. She _ the key.A. admitted takingB. admitted take C. admitted having takenD. admitted to have taken23. 【2008上海春】As a new driver, I have to practice _ the car in my small garage again and again.A. parkingB. to parkC. parkedD. park2

31、4. 【2009上海】Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A. having heldB. to holdC. holdingD. hold25. 【2014陕西】Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ for a swim?A. to goB. goingC. go D. having gone 考点3. 有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词作宾语，意思上差别不大这类动词有start, begin, continue, pref

32、er, bother等。He began to work/ working as soon as he got there.但是，如果它们用于进行时或后面跟know, understand作宾语时，宾语要用不定式。如：The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.I soon began to understand what was happening.He prefers watching rugby to playing it. Id prefer not to discuss this issue. Yo

33、ud have found it if youd bothered looking/ to look. 如果你当初看一下的话，你早就发现了。考点4. 有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词作宾语，但意思上有差别forget/remember doing/ having done跟动名词作宾语，“记得还是忘了以前曾经做的事”forget/ remember to do忘/ 记着要做某事regret doing sth. 对做过的某事表示后悔regret to say很抱歉地说mean to do打算做某事；mean doing意味着 try to do尽力做某事；try doing尝试着做某事 wan

34、t / need/ require doing sth. 表示被动= want/need/require to be donelike/ hate doing喜欢或讨厌某种行为would like/ hate to do特定的某一次be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事used to do 过去经常做某事 be used to do被用来做cant help doing=cant help but do 忍不住做某事cant help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事stop doing 停止正在做着的某事 stop to do停下来做别的事情(to do是目的状语)go on

35、 doing 继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着干别的事情need doing = need to be done (参看：P.154Error! Reference source not found.)26. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking27. Did you close the door? Yes, I remember _ it. A. to closeB. to closingC. closingD. cl

36、osed28. 【2012安徽】I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. lockingB. to lock C. having lockedD. to have locked29. Im sorry I forgot _ your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming.A. to takeB. takingC. to bringD. bringing30. Henry always forgets things he

37、has done. Yesterday he forgot _ and looked for it everywhere.A. to post the letterB. to have the letter postedC. to have posted the letterD. having posted the letter31. My brother regretted _ a lecture given by Professor Liu.A. missingB. to missC. missedD. being missed32. I regret _ you that we are

38、unable to offer you a job.A. informingB. having informedC. to informD. to informing33. I felt tired with walking, so I stopped _ a break for an hour.A. havingB. to haveC. takingD. to taking34. The teacher told the students to stop _ to him.A. to write and listenB. writing and listeningC. to write an

39、d listeningD. writing and to listen35. I usually go there by train.Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try goingB. trying to go C. to try and goD. try going36. 【2008湖南】Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.A. livingB. to live C.

40、to be livingD. having lived37. You didnt hear us come in last night. Thats good. We tried _ noisy.A. to be notB. not to beC. not beingD. being not38. The grass has grown so tall that it needs _.A. to cutB. to be cut itC. cuttingD. being cut39. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. ne

41、eds repairingB. needing repaired C. needed repairingD. needing to be repaired40. These young trees require _ carefully.A. looking afterB. to look after C. to be looked atD. looking for41. The sentence wants _ once more.A. to explainB. explainingC. being explainedD. to be explained it42. He hasnt got

42、 used _ in the countryside yet.A. liveB. to liveC. to livingD. living43. A very well-known person _ in this house.A. is used to liveB. used to live C. is used to livingD. used to living44. Missing the train means _ for an hour.A. to wait B. to be waitedC. being waitedD. waiting45. I meant _ you, but

43、 I was so busy.A. to call onB. calling onC. to call atD. calling at46. I know its not important, but I cant help _ about it.A. to thinkB. and thinkC. thinkingD. being thought47. Im busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework.A. preparing; doingB. preparing; to do C. to prepare; d

44、oingD. to prepare; to do考点5. except, but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to, 否则要带to48. There is nothing to do except _ till it stops raining.A. to waitB. waitingC. waitD. waits49. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me.A. enjoyB. enjoyingC. enjoyedD.

45、to enjoy考点6. remain to be done50. It remains _ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.A. seenB. to be seenC. seeingD. to see51. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen考点7. 介词后跟动名词作宾语52

46、. 【2012北京】One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD. correcting 53. 【2012福建】China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea.A. attackingB. having attacked C. being attac

47、kedD. having been attacked54. 【2013江苏】Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look.A. reducing B. reducedC. being reduced D. having reduced55. 【2014江西】When it comes to _ in public , no one can match him.A. speakB. speakingC. being spokenD. be spoken 考

48、点8. 含有用作介词to的常考短语1. be addicted to 沉溺于；对上瘾He is addicted to gambling.他沉溺于赌博。2. devote oneself to doing sth./be devoted to 献身于做某事/专心致力于做某事She devoted herself to helping the poor. 她致力于帮助穷人。Charlie devotes his time to reading. 查理的时间都用于读书。Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy. 她一生都致力于关心照

49、顾贫病交迫的人。3. be equal to doing sth. 等于做某事，能胜任做某事This is equal to saying that he knows her well. 这就等于说他很熟悉她。 She didnt feel equal to receiving visitors. 她感到身体不适,不能会客。4. object to doing sth. 反对做某事;have an objection to doing sth. 反对(反感)做某事He objected to being treated like a child. 他反对被当作小孩子看待。He has a st

50、rong objection to getting up so early.他很反感这么早就起床。 5. be opposed to doing sth. 反对做某事She seems very much opposed to your going abroad. 她好像很反对你出国。Im opposed to telling him the news at once. 我反对马上告诉他这个消息。 6. reduce sb. to doing sth. 使某人沦为Hunger reduced them to stealing. 饥饿使他们沦落为盗贼。He was reduced to begg

51、ing for food. 最后他沦为乞丐。7. pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事We should pay more attention to uniting and working with the comrades who differ with us. 我们应该更注意团结那些与自己意见不同的同志。8. be used to doing sth./be accustomed to doing 习惯于做某事John has got used to sleeping late. 约翰已习惯很晚睡觉了。I am not accustomed to being

52、treated like this.我不习惯被这样对待。9. get down to doing sth.开始做某事，认真处理某事After lunch we got down to discussing the issue of pay. 午餐之后,我们开始认真讨论报酬的问题。10. look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事I look forward to hearing from you. 盼早日收到你的来信。11. come /be near/close to doing sth.几乎做某事,差点就做某事 I was near to screaming. 我险些

53、喊叫起来。We had an outstanding season and came so close to winning the title again. 我们这个赛季不错，差点又赢得了那个头衔。12. in addition to doing sth. 除做某事之外 In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money. 他不仅给我提了些忠告,而且还给了我一些钱。13. key to doing sth. 做某事的关键 Yet transportation is the key to getting this food to the children and their families.交通是把这事物送给那些孩子和他们家人的关键。14. make contributions to对做贡献Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environm