军校考试大纲《英语》考点―代词之关系代词

1、军校考试大纲英语考点代词之关系代词关键词:军校考试张为臻军考培训军考英语考点军考大纲士兵军考关系代词:关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词。关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which,as,可用作引导从句的关联词,它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语.在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词。This is the man who helped me yesterday.这个男人昨天帮了我。基本用法引导定语从句关系代词代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin.跟我讲话的女孩是

2、我表妹。(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语This is the pencil whose point is broken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。(whose指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他重新回来都忘记了他的那本书。(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略先行词which例如:He said he saw me there,which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。其他用法关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略,例如:

3、 I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语,2010年大都忘了。He's changed.He's not the man he was.他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。注释:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,that在从句中作表语时也可省略。非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词。语法注意1.常用that不用which的情况:1先行词为不定代词all,little,few,much,anything, everything,nothing,something等时。I will do all(thatI

4、can to help you.2先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only,the very 等所修饰或其本身就是序数词形容词最高级时。He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.3先行词既有人,又有物时They talked about the people and the things(thatthey remembered in the school.4当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,定语从句用that引导,以避免重复。Who is the boy that was here

5、just now?2.若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时介词可提前于引导词之前,此时的引导词只能用whom或which.that的用法1不用that的情况a在引导非限定性定语从句时(错The tree,that is four hundred years old,is very famous here.b介词后不能用We depend on the land from which we get our food.2只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a在there be句型中,只用that,不用which。b在不定代词,如:anything,nothing,the one,all, muc

6、h,few,any,little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。d先行词由序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时,只用that。e先行词既有人,又有物时。Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。不能用Which的几种情况1.当先行词为all,little,much,few,everything,none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.There are few books that you can read in this book sto

7、re.2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that,不用which.He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that,而不用which.Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting

8、 impression on him.5.当先行词被the only,the very,the same,the right 等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.It is the only book that he bought himself.6.当先行词被all,every,any,much,little,few,no 等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.There is no clothes that fit you here.7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.Which of the books that h

9、ad pictures was worth reading?8.在强调句型"It is.that."中,只用that,不用which.It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.9.在"such(the same.as."句型中,关系代词要用as,而不用which.We need such materials as(not whichcan bear high temperature.10.表示"正如.那样","正像."之意时,用as,不用which.M

10、ary was late again,as had been expected.11：As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面, 也可以放在主 句后面或主句中间,而由 which 引导的定语从句只能放在主句后 面。 As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth. used to/be used to 的分别 used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态， 但如今已不存在。 Mother used not to be so forgetful. be used to + doing： 对已感到习

11、惯，或"习惯于"， to 是介词，后需加名词或动名词。 Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步 used to 的用法 (否定式简写为 usedn't 过去经常，以前常常 This used to be a shabby house. (此房年久失修 used to,would 这两个词语都可以表示过去常做某事，有时 可以换用。 used to do 强调过去习惯性的行为或状态，但是现 在没有这种行为或状态了。因此，这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。 不可省略和可以省略 1.关系代词 which,whom,who,that 在定语从句

12、中作宾语时 可以省略。 Here is the man (who/that/whomyou're been looking for. 以下情况不能省略： (1在介词+whom 与介词+which 中，whom,which 不能省略。 That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now. (2在非限制性定语从句中， 作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。 The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see. (3在 the same.as,such.as,as.as,the sa

13、me.that 中，as,that 即使作宾语，也不能省略 I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought. (指同类用 as This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. (that 指同一个 (4当由 and,but,or 等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从 句修饰一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可省，但第二，第三个不 可省略。 This is the book (which I read yesterday and which I find very interest

14、ing. 2.当 that 在从句中作补语时可以省略。 She is all (that a teacher should be. 3.在 there be 结构中出现定语从句，或在定语从句中出现 there be 时，用作主语的关系代词也可省略。 This is the best dictionary (that there is in the library. 4.状语的省略 (1当先行词是 reason，而且定语从句中作原因状语时，关 系代词可用 why,that,也可以省略。 That is the reason (why I did it. (2当先行词是 way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代 词可用 in which,that,也