高考英语语法课件_动词和动词短语[1]

1、专题六专题六 动词和动词短语动词和动词短语一、动词分类一览表一、动词分类一览表分类分类功能及构功能及构成成例词例词例句例句备注备注实义动词实义动词 及物动词及物动词宾语宾语 give, tell, send, etc. He gave me a present. 实义动词实义动词又可分为又可分为延续性动延续性动词和非延词和非延续性动词续性动词 不及物动不及物动词后不加词后不加宾语宾语 work, swim, arrive, etc. He arrived late. 系系动动词词 本身有本身有词义，词义，不能单不能单独用作独用作谓语，谓语，必须跟必须跟表语构表语构成系表成系表结构结构 状态类状

2、态类 be, remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, sit, lie, prove, turn out, work out, seem, appear He is a teacher.He always kept silent at meeting.The plan turned out a success.He seems (to be) very sad.The search proved difficult. 感觉类感觉类 feel, smell, sound, taste, look This kind of cloth feels very sof

3、t.This flower smells very sweet. 大部分的表大部分的表示变化类的示变化类的系动词有进系动词有进行时态，但行时态，但所有的系动所有的系动词都没有被词都没有被动结构动结构 变化类变化类 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run, make The fish went bad.He became a doctor two years ago.She grew rich within a short time. 助动词助动词 本身没有词义，本身没有词义，用以帮用以帮助构成时态、助构成时态、语态、否定语态、否定句、疑问句、句

4、、疑问句、倒装句等结倒装句等结构。不可单构。不可单独使用，须独使用，须与动词原形与动词原形或分词构成或分词构成复合谓语复合谓语 be, have, do, shall和和 will的的各种形式各种形式 He doesnt like English.He did know that.I have bought a car.Do you like college life?Never will I come back 情态动情态动词词 无人称和数的无人称和数的变化。表示说变化。表示说话人的情感、话人的情感、态度、语气、态度、语气、命令、推测等。命令、推测等。必须和动词原必须和动词原形连用构成谓形连

5、用构成谓语语(ought除外除外) can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must, need, dare We cant carry the heavy box.He may come tomorrow.We must study hard. 详见语法专题详见语法专题之情态动词和之情态动词和虚拟语气虚拟语气 二、动词短语二、动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上语的测试点主要涉及结构

6、上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。的辨异及不同短语的辨异。动词短语构成一览表：动词短语构成一览表：构成构成例词例词例句例句动词动词+副词副词 turn up, turn off,etc. Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.Please turn every light in the house off. 动词介词动词介词 agree with ,etc. I agree with you on that point. 动词动词+副词介词副词介词 look forward to,etc. I lo

7、ok forward to seeing you soon. 动词动词+名词介词名词介词 make use of ,etc. You should make full use of your time. 动词动词+名词名词 take place,etc. Great changes are taking place in our life. 动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心。设题时往动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语来考查考生在具体语境中往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语来考查考生在具体语境中对其的理解和实际运用能力。对其的理解和实

8、际运用能力。 【考点一考点一】考查助动词的用法考查助动词的用法助动词有助动词有be (am, is, are, was, were, been), have(has, had), do(does, did), will(would), shall(should)。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。疑问及加强语气等。（1）助动词）助动词be (am, is, are, were, been)的用法的用法结构结构用法用法例句例句be+现在分词现在

9、分词 构成进行时态构成进行时态 They are having a meeting. be+过去分词过去分词 构成被动语态构成被动语态The window was broken by Tom.be to do sth.表示计划、安排或命令表示计划、安排或命令 He is to go to New York next week.be going to do sth. 表示计划或有迹象表明表示计划或有迹象表明将要发生某事将要发生某事 Look at the dark clouds. Its going to rain. （2）助动词）助动词have (has, had)的用法的用法 结构结构用法用

10、法例句例句have+过去分词过去分词构成完成时态构成完成时态 He has left for London.Have you seen the film?He had left for London before I came. have been+现在分词现在分词 构成完成进行时态构成完成进行时态 What have you been doing these days? （ 3）助动词）助动词do(does, did) 的用法的用法 结构结构用法用法例句例句do+主语主语+动词原形动词原形 构成一般疑问句构成一般疑问句 Did you study German? do not+动词原形动词原

11、形 构成实义动词的否构成实义动词的否定形式定形式 I do not want to be criticized. do+动词原形动词原形 用于祈使句或陈述用于祈使句或陈述句中加强语气句中加强语气 He did buy a new car yesterday.Do do some work. 代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复 My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did. 【考点二考点二】常考的变化类系动词辨析常考的变化类系动词辨析 系动词系动词用法用法常用结构常用结构例句例句go由好到坏或由好到坏或由正常到不常由正常到

12、不常的的变化变化“保持保持” go bad；go blind；go mad; go hungry (unreported, unnoticed) The tire went flat.He often went hungry in the past. come变成为（已变成为（已知知的状态）；的状态）；证实为证实为 come true; come right Things will come right in the end.His dream will come true sooner or later. run“变成变成”run short； run dryThe well has run

13、 dry.turn成为与以前完成为与以前完全不同的东西。全不同的东西。多接表示颜色多接表示颜色或天气的形容或天气的形容词或不带冠词词或不带冠词的名词。的名词。The trees turn red in autumn.He has turned writer. fall“进入（某种状进入（某种状态）；成为态）；成为”fall asleep； fall ill； fall lame； fall silentThe old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. get “变成，变得变成，变得起起 来来”。较口语化。较口语化。强调强调“逐渐逐渐”。后

14、接形容词、分后接形容词、分词、介词短语。词、介词短语。The days are getting longer and longer. become “成为成为”，普通用，普通用 语，多表示过语，多表示过 去完成的事。去完成的事。become+a(n)+名名词词She has become a lawyer. He became angry with me. grow“渐渐变得渐渐变得起来；起来；长得长得”，强调其变化，强调其变化过程。过程。常可接表示天气常可接表示天气的形容词。的形容词。Its growing warm. appear“显得，好像显得，好像”，常用于正式文常用于正式文体中。指给

15、他体中。指给他人的表面印象，人的表面印象，有时含有实质有时含有实质上并非如此之意。上并非如此之意。 appear to be/adj./n./prep. appear to do;It appears that.;appear as if/though He appeared to be talking to himself.It appears that they are right.The river appeared as if enveloped in smog. seem“似乎，好像似乎，好像”。 指说话人内心的指说话人内心的估计与判断，有估计与判断，有一定依据，接近一定依据，接近于

16、实际情况。于实际情况。seem to be/adj./n./prep.seem to do；It seems that.;seems as if /though The young man seemed to have changed much.It seems that she is happy. She seemed as if she couldnt understand why Laura was there .look“好像，看起来好像，看起来”，一一般用于非正式场合。般用于非正式场合。侧重由视觉得到的印侧重由视觉得到的印象。象。look+adj./n./prep.look like

17、;look as if/though She looks like her mother.It looks as if we are going to have snow. 【考点三考点三】考查主动形式表被动意义的用法考查主动形式表被动意义的用法（1）need, want, require(要求，需要要求，需要), deserve(应得，值得应得，值得), be worth(值得值得)，后面接，后面接doing主动形式表被动意义。主动形式表被动意义。The book is worth reading. These young seedlings will require/need lookin

18、g after (=need to be looked after) carefully.Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).（2）不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或）不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do.（与（与work有动宾关系，与有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系）有主谓关系）比较：比较：I have

19、 a letter to be typed.（3）不定式作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时）不定式作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时(主语主语+系动词系动词+形容形容词词+不定式不定式)，如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义时，如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义时(difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive,etc.)，不定，不定式用主动表被动。式用主动表被动。The question is difficult to answer.The work is easy to do.(=Its easy to do the work

20、.)（4）有些动词）有些动词(短语短语)只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。take place, happen, break out等。等。A big fire happened/took place/broke out last night. 一些动词一些动词,如如:sell(销售销售), wash(洗洗), clean(打扫打扫), burn(燃烧燃烧), cook(煮煮), write(写写)等与副词等与副词,如如:well(好好), easily(容易地容易地), perfectly(十分地十分地)等连用，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构等连用，描绘事物

21、的特性，用主动表被动，结构是：主语是：主语+动词动词+副词。副词。The book sells well.These clothes wash easily. The pen writes well.Nylon cleans easily. 【考点四考点四】考查易混短语的用法考查易混短语的用法动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨析及不同短语的辨析。意上的辨析及不同短语的辨析。1. AGREE短语短语sb. agree with sb.某人同意某人的话某人同意某人的话/意见意见 sth. agree with

22、 sb. 某物某物/某事适应某人某事适应某人agree to the plan/decision/arrangement 同意计划同意计划/决定决定/安排安排agree on sth. 就就达成共识达成共识agree to do sth. 同意干某事同意干某事2. BREAK短语短语break away (from)（与（与）脱离；改掉（习惯）脱离；改掉（习惯）break down（身体）垮掉；（计划、谈判）失败；（汽车）抛锚；（身体）垮掉；（计划、谈判）失败；（汽车）抛锚；分解（强调化学变化）分解（强调化学变化） break in/into 闯入闯入break off折断；断绝折断；断绝br

23、eak out （fire, disease, war, etc.）突发，爆发（火灾，疾病，战）突发，爆发（火灾，疾病，战争等）争等）break up 打碎；分裂；分解打碎；分裂；分解(强调化学变化强调化学变化) 3. BRING短语短语bring about 引起，造成；实现引起，造成；实现bring back 拿回；使回忆起来拿回；使回忆起来bring down 使倒下；降低使倒下；降低bring in挣得；介绍引进挣得；介绍引进bring on 引起引起, 导致导致bring out 揭示，揭露揭示，揭露bring .to light 揭露；揭露； 使了解到使了解到bring up 抚养

24、；呕吐抚养；呕吐4. CALL短语短语call at+sp.拜访某地拜访某地call on/upon +sb. 访问，拜访某人访问，拜访某人call for 要求；需要要求；需要call in 召集；请来召集；请来call off取消取消call up打电话；令人想起打电话；令人想起5. CARRY短语短语carry on 进行；进行下去进行；进行下去carry out贯彻，执行贯彻，执行carry through 顺利完成，顺利实现顺利完成，顺利实现6. COME短语短语come about 发生；造成发生；造成come across偶遇偶遇come along 加油，快点；进展，进行加油，

25、快点；进展，进行come into effect(force)生效生效come into being 形成；产生形成；产生come into power开始执政开始执政come on 快点快点come out 出来；出版；结果出来；出版；结果come around/round 恢复知觉；绕道而来恢复知觉；绕道而来come to oneself 苏醒过来苏醒过来come up 靠近；被提到；发生靠近；被提到；发生come up with 提出（主意，计划等）提出（主意，计划等）7. CUT短语短语cut down 砍倒；削减砍倒；削减cut in （on）插嘴；插入）插嘴；插入cut off 切

26、断；切断； 断绝断绝cut through 抄近路走过；抄近路走过； 刺穿刺穿cut up 切碎切碎8. GET短语短语get along/on(with) 融洽相处；进展融洽相处；进展get away 离开离开get down 击落；记下击落；记下get down to 开始认真考虑开始认真考虑get in到达；收获到达；收获get off 下车；脱下下车；脱下get out 出去，离开；泄露出去，离开；泄露get over克服克服get through 接通电话；用完；做完；通过接通电话；用完；做完；通过get up 起床起床9. GIVE短语短语give away泄露；出卖泄露；出卖gi

27、ve in让步，投降；交上让步，投降；交上give off 发出发出(蒸汽、液体、雾等蒸汽、液体、雾等)give out 分发；发出分发；发出(气味、热等气味、热等)；用尽，精疲力竭；用尽，精疲力竭give up 放弃放弃(念头、希望等念头、希望等)10. GO短语短语go against 反对；反对； 违反；违反； 不利于不利于go by (从从旁旁)走过；顺便走访走过；顺便走访go down下降下降go in for 参加；爱好参加；爱好go off 离开；爆炸离开；爆炸go over (对对进行进行)仔细检查；润色；复习仔细检查；润色；复习go through仔细检查；经历，经受；被通过

28、仔细检查；经历，经受；被通过go with伴随；与伴随；与相配相配11. KEEP短语短语keep an eye on 注意；监视注意；监视keep away from 不让接近不让接近keep back阻止；隐瞒阻止；隐瞒keep down 镇压；保留镇压；保留keep in mind 记住记住keep in touch with与与保持联系保持联系keep on 继续继续keep to 遵循；坚持遵循；坚持keep .to oneself 对对守口如瓶守口如瓶keep up with跟上；不落后跟上；不落后12. LOOK短语短语look after 照顾，照看照顾，照看look ahea

29、d 向前看；着眼未来向前看；着眼未来look back 回头看；回顾回头看；回顾look around 四处看四处看look down upon 看不起；轻视看不起；轻视look out 小心；当心小心；当心look on 旁观；观望旁观；观望look into 调查调查look through 浏览；翻阅；仔细查看浏览；翻阅；仔细查看look up 查寻；向上看查寻；向上看13. PUT短语短语put away 放好；储存放好；储存put down写下；镇压写下；镇压put forward 提出；推举提出；推举put off 推迟推迟put on 穿上穿上 put out 扑灭扑灭put u

30、p 举起；投宿；张贴举起；投宿；张贴put up with忍受；容忍忍受；容忍14. SET短语短语set about 开始，着手（后接名词、代词和动名词）开始，着手（后接名词、代词和动名词）set out 出发；开始；陈列出发；开始；陈列set to 起劲地干起来；毅然开始做起劲地干起来；毅然开始做set aside 留出；不顾；撤销；留出；不顾；撤销； 驳回驳回set off (for) 出发出发,动身；使爆炸；引起；衬托动身；使爆炸；引起；衬托set up 设立；竖立设立；竖立,架起；立业架起；立业15. TAKE短语短语take after （在外貌或行为方面）酷似（在外貌或行为方面）

31、酷似take along 随身带着随身带着 take away 取走取走take back收回收回take in吸收；理解；欺骗吸收；理解；欺骗take off脱衣；起飞；广泛使用，大受欢迎脱衣；起飞；广泛使用，大受欢迎take on 呈现；开始雇佣；从事呈现；开始雇佣；从事take over 接收，接管接收，接管take up占据；开始从事；继续占据；开始从事；继续16. TURN短语短语turn away 把把打发走；不让打发走；不让进入进入turn down调低；拒绝调低；拒绝turn into 进入；进入；(使使)变成变成(主要指物质形态、性质等的转变主要指物质形态、性质等的转变)tu

32、rn off 关掉关掉turn on 开启开启turn out 关掉；证实；结果是；生产关掉；证实；结果是；生产turn over 翻过来翻过来turn to转向；求助于转向；求助于turn up 调高；找到，发现；出现调高；找到，发现；出现 1. The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”.(2010全国全国)A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed解析：选解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：工人们把玻璃制品包装。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：工人们把玻璃制品包装

33、好，并给每个箱子做上好，并给每个箱子做上“此面向上此面向上”的标记。的标记。carry搬运；搬运；deliver递递送；送；press按，压；按，压；pack给给打包。打包。2. My mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons.(2010全国全国)A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together解析：选解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我妈妈打开抽屉把刀子。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我妈妈打开抽屉把刀子和勺子放好。和勺子放好。put away把把放好，收拾起来；放好，收拾起来；put

34、 up举起举起;搭建搭建;张贴张贴;挂起；挂起；put on穿穿;戴上；戴上；put together把把放在一起。放在一起。3. No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone _ you wishing they were that high.(2010安徽安徽)A. getting rid of B. getting along withC. looking up to D. looking down upon解析：选解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：不管你认为自己多么。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：不管你

35、认为自己多么不好，总会有人崇拜你，并希望能像你那样。不好，总会有人崇拜你，并希望能像你那样。get rid of摆脱；去摆脱；去除；除；get along with与与相处；相处；look up to尊敬；敬仰；尊敬；敬仰；look down upon看不起；轻视。看不起；轻视。4. How did you like Nicks performance last night?To be honest, his singing didnt _ to me much.(2010安徽安徽) A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur解析：选解析：选A。考查固定短语的用

36、法。答语句意为：说实话，他的。考查固定短语的用法。答语句意为：说实话，他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。演唱并不怎么吸引我。appeal to吸引；吸引；belong to属于；属于；refer to提到；涉及；提到；涉及；occur to被想到。被想到。5. Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Lets _ it.(2010福建福建)A. keep up with B. do away withC. get down to D. look forward to解析：选解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我们刚刚搬进一

37、所大点。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我们刚刚搬进一所大点的房子里，有许多事情要做，让我们开始做吧。的房子里，有许多事情要做，让我们开始做吧。get down to开始做，开始做，着手做。着手做。keep up with 赶上；赶上；do away with废除废除;去掉；去掉；look forward to期盼。期盼。6. In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well. I cant agree more. Its great to have the two _.(2010福建福建) A. linked B. rela

38、ted C. connected D. combined解析：选解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。答语句意为：我非常赞同。让这。考查动词词义辨析。答语句意为：我非常赞同。让这两者结合真是太好了。两者结合真是太好了。have sth. done.使某事被做。使某事被做。link联系，连接；联系，连接；relate使互相关联；使互相关联；connect连接；连接；combine结合，合并。结合，合并。 7. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.(2010福建福建)A.

39、sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck解析：选解析：选B。考查非谓语动词的用法。考查非谓语动词的用法。remain作系动词意为作系动词意为“保持，保持，继续继续”，后面要接名词、形容词或分词作表语，表示主语所处的状，后面要接名词、形容词或分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态。据此判断应该选择态。据此判断应该选择B项项stuck。stuck表示表示“被卡住被卡住”，引申为，引申为“被滞留被滞留”。8. Duty is an act or a course of action that people _ you totake by social

40、 customs, law or religion.(2010湖北湖北)A. persuade B. request C. instruct D. expect解析：选解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：所谓职责，就是大家根。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：所谓职责，就是大家根据社会习俗、法律或者宗教信仰期望你所采取的一种行动或行为方据社会习俗、法律或者宗教信仰期望你所采取的一种行动或行为方式。式。expect预料；期望；指望，符合句意。预料；期望；指望，符合句意。persuade说服，使某说服，使某人相信；人相信；request礼貌地要求，请求；礼貌地要求，请求；instruct命令；教授；指导

41、。命令；教授；指导。9. Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house _ his personality.(2010湖北湖北)A. resembles B. strengthens C. reflects D. shapes解析：选解析：选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：对于一个人来说，就像。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：对于一个人来说，就像他的穿衣、吃饭以及与之度过时光的朋友一样，他的房子代表了他他的穿衣、吃饭以及与之度过时光

42、的朋友一样，他的房子代表了他的个性。的个性。reflect反射；显示；反映，符合题意。反射；显示；反映，符合题意。resemble类似，类似，像；像；strengthen加强；巩固；加强；巩固；shape塑造，使成形；形成；使符合塑造，使成形；形成；使符合。10. Had she _ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.(2010湖北湖北)解析：选解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：如果她遵守她的诺言，。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：如果她遵守她的诺言，她就会成功进入耶鲁大学。她就会成功进入耶鲁大学。look up to尊

43、敬尊敬,仰望；仰望；live up to遵守；遵守；不辜负；不辜负；keep with up赶上；赶上；come up with提出。提出。11. Parents _ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.(2010江西江西) A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply解析：选解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：父母都十分重视教育。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：父母都十分重视教育。他们会竭尽所能给他们的孩子们那种极其珍

44、贵的礼物。他们会竭尽所能给他们的孩子们那种极其珍贵的礼物。attach importance to认为认为有重要性；有重要性；pay付钱；付钱；link.to.把把和和连接在一起；连接在一起；apply.to.把把应用于应用于。12. Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just _ sweet dreams.(2010江西江西)A. keep up with B. put up withC. end up with D. catch up with解析：选解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：睡觉之前闻闻这些花，。考查动

45、词短语辨析。句意为：睡觉之前闻闻这些花，你就会进入甜美的梦乡。你就会进入甜美的梦乡。keep up with跟上；跟上； put up with忍受；忍受； end up with以以为结束；为结束；catch up with赶上。赶上。13. Thousands of people _ to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.(2010辽宁辽宁)A. turned on B. turned inC. turned around D. turned out解析：选解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：结果显示有成千上万的。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：结

46、果显示有成千上万的人观看了昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。人观看了昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。turn out结果为；证明是；结果为；证明是；turn on打开；打开；turn in上交上交,递交；递交；turn around转身。转身。14. The new movie _ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.(2010辽宁辽宁)A. promises B. agreesC. pretends D. declines 解析：选解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：这部新电影有望成为电。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房

47、最高的影片之一。影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。promise许诺，答应；有许诺，答应；有的的希望；希望；agree同意，赞同；同意，赞同；pretend假装；假装；decline衰老，衰退。衰老，衰退。15. Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.(2010山东山东)A. brought up B. looked up C. picked upD. set up解析：选解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：山姆只通过观察别人操。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：山姆只通过观察别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。作电脑就学到了一些电脑