专题15 写作无忧 流程得有（教师版）-【中考手册】2022年中考英语知识总梳理（牛津上海版）.docx

1、.思维导图专题15写作无忧流程得有内容语言组织结构议论过多，描与不足句式单一，都是简单句，缺少复合句连词的使用较少，连接很生硬无真点短语和句型，连接词等句式多样化单词短语多样化语法结构多样化万能句型和高级句型详情见讲义审题，思考出框架补充细节，与出关健词或者关键句;常见IM题:从句在写作中的使用f 详情见讲义内咨空洞，没有清晰的思路，表达能力不强结构散漫，思维跳跃，文章缺乏条理性写作技巧分析连接词汇息写作步骤申题立意4 £列提绢遣词渣句检查阁色权衡详略，想清楚哪部分详与，哪部分略与1. 范文:The best encouragement I have ever metLife is

2、full of difficulties, so we need to gain encouragement from others.Once I made a speech in the school. I tried hard to say out every word clearly. Unfortunately, I was so nervous that I forgot one part of my speech. I wanted to give up. "You are great? Someone shouted. I suddenly became powerfu

3、l and completed the speech perfectly. From that time, I have realized that we need encouragement from others.This is the best encouragement I have ever met.【详解】1 .题干解读：该题目属于记叙文写作。在写作时首先要补全作文题目，然后根据题目要求，叙述自己的亲 身经历一一遇见的最好的鼓励，并写出自己的感受。2. 写作指导：本文应该用第一人称为主来叙述故事内容，时态采用一般过去时为主。在描述故事时，场景 应描写细致，并且故事发生的起因、过程和

4、结果等需要叙述完整，保证条理清晰。2. 例文The most beautiful volunteerDanny, the most beautiful volunteer, is a pupil in Xinhua primary school. He organized several activities to raise money for a boy from a poor family. The boy got a serious disease. With Danny's help, the boy was cured after the operation. Last y

5、ear, he found his classmate Lily had to leave school, he wrote to the local government and helped the girl return to school.Danny is helpful and warm. He is willing to help others and never ask for rewards. We should learn the spirit from him.【详解】1. 题干解读：这是一篇给定材料的作文，要求写一篇文章介绍一位志愿者，以及她/他的事迹。要包含所有 要点，

6、并适当发挥。2. 写作指导：本文时态是一般过去时，主要用第三人称来书写。写作时可分为两段式：第一段主要介绍最 美志愿者的个人信息以及他/她的事迹，第二段写我们要向最美志愿者学习乐于助人的精神。在写作时应该 注意符合题意，同时应注意语言的准确性和连贯性，可适当补充细节使文章连贯。3. 例文:A perfect familyEvery child holds his or her own views on a perfect family. In my opinion, perfect families always have some specific qualities. First, fam

7、ily members always love each other. They love one another whether they have shortcomings or not. Second, they know how to respect each other, such as parents do not interfere with children's privacy and children can understand their parents' difficulties. Third, they support each other. If a

8、ny of the family members is in trouble, the others give him or her encouragement and help.【详解】1. 题干解读：本文是一篇话题作文。题目要求以"A perfect family为题，用不少于60词描述一下你心目中 的完美家庭。2. 写作指导：本文主要以观点陈述或一般情况的描述为主，时态主要采用一般现在时；人称主要使用第三 人称；在文章内容上可以结合日常生活从多角度阐述你认为的完美家庭所拥有的特质；写作完成后需保 证文章内容符合题目要求，行文流畅，语言表达符合英文语法规则。4 .例文：Life

9、is full of beautyLife is full of beauty. I will never forget the day which makes me feel meaningful.My best friend Lucy and I always ride bikes together after school. One day, I waited a long time but didn't see her. Then I searched for her in the corner of our school. She was crying at that tim

10、e. She told me that she was nervous because she would have an English test. I decided to help her with English. That evening, I helped her review the key points and notes. Two days later, she told me that she passed it. I felt so happy.Helping others is the beauty of life.【详解】1 .题干解读：本文是一篇话题作文。要求结合自

11、身经历或见闻以"Life is full of beauty为题写一篇短文。2. 写作指导：本文主要采用一般过去时，以第一人称为主。分为三段式：第一段引出主题；第二段描述自 己的经历；第三段发表自己的感悟。写作时保持主谓一致性，逻辑性要强，无语法和标点错误。5. 例文NOTICEIn order to improve your creativity, we will hold a paper-cutting competition this Saturday at 2:00 pm in the school hall. The name of the competition is C

12、elebrating the New Year. Participants are required to provide a piece of paper-cutting about the new year. We're going to have three levels of awards. The first prize is an English dictionary. The second prize is a notebook. And the third prize is a certificate. Looking forward to yourparticipat

13、ion.Paper Cutting Club【详解】1 .题干解读：本篇作文是一篇通知。需要根据题干所给社团选择一种社团写一份关于所在社团举办竞赛的 通知。2. 写作指导：本文人称主要采用第一人称和第三人称，时态主要采用一般将来时和一般现在时。活动的相 关内容要具体详细，语言要简洁。、知识梳理一、考点分析：在上海中考中，写作占20分，分值所占比例大，而写作考察学生的英文综合运用能力，因此非常关键。【中考英语作文的评分标准】比较为学生所熟悉的就是“8+8+4”结构，即：1. 内容：7-8分：内容切题，意思连贯，表达清楚、完整。5-6分：内容基本切题，意思大致连贯，表达基本清楚、但不够完整。2-4

14、分：内容不够切题，意思不够连贯，表达不够清楚、有些离题。0-1分：文不对题，表达不清。2. 语言：> 词数：每少5个字扣0.5分，以此类推。只写出个别单词、词不成句不给分。> 拼写：每错扣0.5分，同一错误不重复计数。> 语法：同> 标点符号、大小写：每两处错误扣0.5分，但扣分总和不超过1分。3. 组织结构：> 内容充实、上下文连贯、用语规范、表达准确、无语法错误；词汇和句型句式运用恰当，多见好句型 和习惯表达用语者，可给34分。> 内容充实、不写废话；上下文连贯、用语规范、表达准确、无或少见语法错误；词汇和句型句式运用 恰当，多见好句型和习惯表达用语者，

15、可给2分。> 一般情况下，内容和语言累计得分在15分以上者（含），方可得到1-2分组织结构分。> 内容和语言在15分以下者，如文中有值得肯定的好句型和表达，可酌情考虑给1分组织结构分。> 通篇句型、句式单一、词汇贫乏者，即使无语法错误，一般也不予给组织结构分。二、写作中常见问题:内容空洞,没有清晰的思路，表达能力不强，表达生硬呆板，甚至中式英语翻译思维。议论过多,描写不足。大多数情况下，把议论当成的作文的重点，常常跑题。句式单一,都是简单句，缺少复合句。结构散漫,思维跳跃，文章缺乏条理性。连词的使用较少，并且使用单一，句子之间的连接很生硬。文章平淡，无亮点短语和句型，连接词等

16、。三、写作技巧分析:【高分作文的必备元素】1. 书写工整，书面整洁，很少有涂改痕迹。2. 不出现语法，拼写，标点，大小写等错误。3. 文章字数最好控制在80-100字之间，切记过长或者过短，8-1。句即可。4. 要点齐全。为了避免遗漏要点，可以将题目中给出的要点标注出来。5. 开头言简意赅，不啰嗦，不偏题，迅速引入主题。6. 连接词使用恰当，不重复，上下文有连贯性，使之自然成一体。7. 应用词汇：高级词汇的合理使用、同义词的变化使用、短语的恰当使用。8. 多用亮点短语，并且使短语多样性，尽可能使用多种表达方式。比如：同一个意思“帮助”，假如你就用一个动词“help”，显得词汇贫乏。如果能在作文

17、中不断 地变换方式，用help、give sb. a hand> do sb. a favor> be in need of等以表达“帮助"，表达更灵 活生动。9. 句式多样性，可适当使用陈述句，疑问句，祈使句及感叹句，强调句，倒装句，定语从句， 状语从句，宾语从句等。10. 能够恰当使用谚语、格言、名言等给文章添彩。11. 语法结构多样性，主动被动交叉用，原级比较级灵活用，非谓语动词恰当用。12. 灵活使用万能句型，增添文章亮点。四、连接词汇总：1. 表起始：first of all, to begin with, in my opinion, according to

18、, so far, as far as 等2. 表时间：first, at first, then, later, in the end, finally, afterwards, after that, since then, for the first time, at last, as soon as, the next moment, meanwhile, later on, soon, finally 等3. 表空间：on the right/left, to the right/left of, on one side of. on the other side of., at t

19、he fbot/top/end of, in the middle/centre of, next to, far from, in front of 等4. 表因果：fbr, because of, one reason is that. another reason is that.since,as, as a result (of),so, thus, therefore, as a result 等5. 表转折：but, yet, however, after all, in fact, while, instead of, unlike, although, after all 等6

20、. 表列举：for example, such as, like, in other words, and so on 等7. 表推进：what's more, furthermore,on one hand. on the other hand., in addition to, as well, still, also, in other words, not only.but also., besides,moreover.等8. 表总结：generally speaking,in short, in a word, in general, in brief, all in al

21、l 等9. 表75目的：for this purpose, for this reason, so that, in order that, so as to, in order to.10. 表示让步：although, though, even though/if, no matter wh一五、从句在写作中的使用：1. 不用说 It goes without saying that. = (It is) needless to say (that) .=It is obvious that.例：不用说早睡早起是值得的。It goes without saying that it pays

22、 to keep early hours.2. 在各种之中, Amongvarious kinds of, /= Of all the , .例：在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.3. 就我的看法；我认为In my opinion, .= To my mind, .= As far as I am concerned, .= I am of the opinion that. 例：In my opinion, playing video games not only takes m

23、uch time but is also harmful to health. 就我的看法打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。4. 随着人口 的增加 With the increase/growth of the population, .随着科技的进步 With the advance of science and technology,.例: With the rapid development of Taiwan's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass. 随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了。5是必要的 It i

24、s necessary (for sb.) to do / that. 是重要的 It is important/essential ( for sb.) to do / that. 是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that.是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that.例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.我们应当保持公共场所清洁。It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.

25、6. 花费 spend . on sth. / doing sth. .例：我们不应该在我们不感兴趣的事情上花太多的时间。We shouldn't spend too much time on something we aren't interested in.7. how引导的感叹句例：那至少可以证明你很诚实。At least it will prove how honest you are.8. 状语从句A）如果你不，你就会 If you dorft .，youll .例：If you don't keep working hard, youll lose the

26、chance.如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。B）如此,以至于 so . that.例: At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。C）每当我听到我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear ., I cannot but feel excited.每当我做我就忍不住感到悲伤。Whenever I do，I cannot but feel sad.每当我想到我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of, I cannot but feel nervous.每当我

27、遭遇我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with ., I cannot but feel frightened.每当我看到我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see , I cannot but feel surprised.例: Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.=Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad. 每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪我就忍

28、不住感到悲伤。9. 宾语从句我认为，/ 我认为不 I think /1 don't think that .我想知道是否I wonder whether .例：He doesn't think I should stop him joining the club.他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部。10. Since + S +过去式，S +现在完成式。例：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他就一直很用功。六、写作步骤1. 审题立意,注意审题立意精准；2. 根据文章要求，列提纲

29、；3. 根据提纲进行遣词造句；4. 检查润色，注意拼写，语法，大小写，标点符号等错误。七、列提纲步骤1 .审题，思考出框架；2. 权衡详略，想清楚哪部分详写，哪部分略写；3. 补充细节，写出关键词或者关键句；【案例解析】Write at least 60 words on the topic " A personme before （以"曾经过我的人”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格）很多人曾经出现在你的成长旅程中，他们或帮助你，或鼓励你，或爱护你，请你描述他（她）是怎样的人，以及发生在你和他（她）之间的故事，并谈谈他（她）对你的影响。【作文思路解析】Ste

30、pl：审题Beginning （开头）：他（她）是怎样的人Body （正文）:你和他（她）之间的故事Ending（结尾）：他（她）对你的影响Step2冽提纲范例:A person who helped me WHOmy deskmate1. a lovely girl with sparkling eyes and warm smile2. understanding and helpful WHATME: 1. forgot to bring an umbrella on a rainy day2. failed the test because of the missed lessons3

31、. felt sadSHE: 1. shared her umbrella with me2. helped me make up my missed lessons patiently3. helped me regain confidence（3）. EFFECT（S）（详写）1. sparkling eyes： can always understand my problems and support me2. warm smile： give me a lot of happiness and let me feel the warmth of friendshipStep3:遣词造句

32、Step4:检查（语言，语法，内容等存在的问题）纳优选提升题1. （2022-上海青浦一模）Write a passage of at least 60 words about the topic "The bestI have evermet（请以最美的遇见为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格）。一场美丽的相遇是生命的恩赐，是缘分的开始。最美的遇见可以是雨后的彩虹，可以是陪伴的挚 友，亦可是成长的鼓励等。请选择一个方面，结合你的经历，谈谈你的感受。注意：1 .补全作文题目；2 .抄袭试卷中内容不得分；3. 文中不得出现任何姓名、校名以及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。2. （2022-上海黄浦一模）Writ