中考专区二轮专题---被动语态用法详解

1、 英语动词有两种语态英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动被动) 汉语中常用汉语中常用“被被”、“给给”、“由由”、“受受”等等词用来表示被动，而英语用：词用来表示被动，而英语用：构成。构成。 被动语态的用法：被动语态的用法： 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。

2、不知道动作的执行者是谁。. The window was broken yesterday. 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。.More trees must be planted every year. 3.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。需要突出或强调动作的承受者。. .He was badly hurt in the accident yesterday. 4 汉语中含有汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao 5 某些句子习惯上用被动语态。某些句子习惯上用被动语态。He was bor

3、n in October, 1988.Note: 1.用于被动语态中的动词是用于被动语态中的动词是及物动词及物动词，不及物动词，不及物动词不能不能用被动语态用被动语态.World War II took place in Europe. (right)World War II was taken place in Europe. (wrong)2.反身代词反身代词在句中作宾语时在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态不能用被动语态.He taught himself English. (right)Himself was taught English by him. (wrong)by the teac

4、her.Heis asked questions 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. - He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the fact

5、ory.-The bikes are madeby themin the factory. 1 They play football on Sunday.2 Lucy does the homework in the evening.3 They often use computers in class.4 We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by th

6、em in class.These machines are made in Beijing.注意注意：1 被动句被动句中的中的谓语动词谓语动词的单复数和的单复数和被动句被动句中的中的主语主语一致一致 2 被动句的时态要和主动句一致被动句的时态要和主动句一致 3 (注意主动句中的宾语（的宾格）要变成被动句的主语（的主格）注意主动句中的宾语（的宾格）要变成被动句的主语（的主格） 4（ by+宾格）宾格） /其他成分照抄不变其他成分照抄不变1. 一般现在时：一般现在时： (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. (2)The school d

7、oesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 1. They bought ten computers last term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were +过去分词过去分词last year.Many trees were plantedTen computerswere bought3.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：一般将来时的被动语态结构：will be+过去分词过去分词1.They will finish the work in

8、ten days.by them in ten days.The work will be finished2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.4.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of1.Some workers are painting the room

9、s nowby some workers now.The rooms are being painted1.We have made twenty more keysby us.Twenty more keys have been made 主要体现在主要体现在bebe的变化上，其形式与系动词的变化上，其形式与系动词bebe的变化形式完全的变化形式完全一样。以一样。以 为例，列表如下：为例，列表如下： 一般现在时：一般现在时： 一般过去时：一般过去时： 一般将来时：一般将来时： 一般过去将来时：一般过去将来时： 现在进行时：现在进行时： 过去进行时：过去进行时： 现在完成时：现在完成时： 过去

10、完成时：过去完成时： 将来完成时：将来完成时： 过去将来完成时：过去将来完成时： am / is / are + done am / is / are + done was / were + was / were + done shall / will + be shall / will + be done should / would + be should / would + be done am / is / are + being + am / is / are + being + done was / were + being + was / were + being + done

11、have / has + been + have / has + been + done had + been + had + been + done shall / will + have been + shall / will + have been + done should / would + have been + should / would + have been + done (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. (3)The manag

12、er said they would complete the project by the end of the year. (4) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. (5)The radio is broadcasting English lessons. (6) We are painting the rooms. 7)The workers were mending the road. (8)This time last year we were planting trees here. 9

13、)He can write a great many letters with the computer. (10)Someone has told me (11)He has brought his book here. 12)When I got to the theatre, I found 13) The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; 14)You must hand in your compositions after class.1. The boss made the little boy do heav

14、y work. .2. We saw him play football on the playground3. The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 4 . I saw a thief walk into the office building The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. He was seen to play football on the playground. I was made to go out of the classroom （by the te

15、acher）. A thief was seen to walk into the office building by me .主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。He showed us a picture .We were shown a picture by him.2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.A picture was shown to us by Tom.A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.一般在下列动词后

16、，常在间接宾语前用介一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词词 toto，如：如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。等。 (1) The book was showed to the class. (2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 forfor, , 如：如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix,

17、get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me. (2) The meat was cooked for us. (3) Some country music was played for us. 1 Lucy asked Jim to go shopping with her2 I found a snake lying under a car over there3 I saw a boy swimming in the river on my way home A by was

18、seen swimming 4 The good news made me happy I was made happy by the good news1. 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误错误) 2. 2. 含有

19、双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语如果把直接宾语( (指物指物) )改为主语，则在间接宾语改为主语，则在间接宾语( (指人指人) )前加适前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me y

20、esterday. 3. 当主动句的主语是当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：如： Nobody can answer this question. 误误The question can be answered by nobody. 正正 4. 当否定句中的宾语是当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为代词时，在被动句中

21、应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如： They havent done anything to make the river clean. 误：误：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean. 正：正：5. 以以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放放在句首：在句首： Who wrote the story? 误：误：Who was the story written? 正：正： 第

22、一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。等。 (1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. 误：误：It is felt very soft. (2)The food tastes delicious. 误：误：The food is tasted delicious. (3)The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：误：The pop music is sounded be

23、autiful. 第二，谓语是及物动词第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：等。如： He entered the room and got his book. 误：误：The room was entered and his book was got. She had her hand burned. 误：误：Her hand was had burned. 第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong

24、to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 误误：The fire was broke out in the capital building. 第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 误：误：The sun had alr

25、eady been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained. 第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如： I taught myself English. 误：误：Myself was taught English. We love each other. 误：误：Each o

26、ther is loved. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：被动结构来表示，例如： 据说据说It is said that 据报导据报导It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为 It is generally considered that 有人建议有人建议 It is suggested that 1) It is reported t

27、hat it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. Exercises将下列句子变为被动语态：1. They clean their classroom every day . _2. I repair Jennys bicycle every Sunday. _3. This farmer grew beautiful flowers last year. _4. The students should do their homework ev

28、ery day . _5. Tom often plays basketball on the playground. Their classroom is cleaned by them every day .Jennys bicycle is repaired (by me) every Sunday.Beautiful flowers were grown by this farmer last year.Their homework should be done by the students evey day.Basketball is often played by Tom on

29、the playground.6. Sometimes she gives me a present . 7. The pupil asks the teacher to tell a story.8. Children often sing this song .9. John answered all the questions. 10. Tom broke the window. I am given a present by her sometimes.The teacher is asked to tell a story by the pupilThe song is often

30、sung by children.All the questions were answered by John.The window was broken by Tom.A present is given to me by her sometimes.12. We can finish the work on time11.My father bought me a bike.I was bought a bike by my father.A bike was bought for me by my father.The work can be finished by us on time.13. He tells me to wait here for him . _14. People all over the world know the Great Wall . _15. We wi