2012年高考试题：英语(北京卷)——含答案及解析

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2012年高考已经结束，中小学教育网网校就今年高考试题与网校课程、试题进行了一些分析和对比。对比发现：网校课程及讲义与今年高考的考查知识点有着大量的契合，大部分知识点都是以结合近年的高考真题的形式做了专题讲解与复习。可以这样说，只要学过网校高考精品班的同学，对考题中90%的题目都不会觉得陌生，其中个别题目，老师还着重讲过甚至反复强调过。下面是关于2012年高考英语试卷全国卷的与网校课程相似度的对比，供大家参考。一、题型、题量及分值比例分布基本涵盖了考试说明所要求的所有知识点，难度比约为：5：3：2。单项选择完形填空阅读理解作文15题15分20题30分15题30分2题3

2、5分二、总体特点、重视基础，紧扣教材和考试说明。绝大多数的题目都非常注重对基本知识、方法、思想等的考查。2、理论与实际生活相结合。尤其是阅读理解、作文等都与同学们日常生活联系紧密。3、作文相对来说较为容易，为常规练习内容。三、真题详解及讲义相似度对比2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）本试卷共16页，共150分，考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选

3、出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话或独白你将听一遍。例：What is the man going to read?A. A newspaperB. A magazineC. A book答案是A。1. Who answered the phone？A. MikeB. HenryC. Tom2. Whats the womans favourite food?A. Italian.B. Chinese.C. Indian3. When does the first flight arrive in Detroit?A. 5:18am.B

4、.6:10amC.8:50am4. What is the woman looking for?A. ZooB. TelephoneC. Tennis court5. What will the weather be like at the weekend?A. Cloudy.B. Snowy.C. Sunny第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6

5、. Where are the two speakers?A. In the hotelB In a shopC. In a restaurant7. How much did the man pay in the end?A. $115.B. $130C. $140听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8. What did the man do last weekend?A. Watched TV.B. Stayed at home.C. Visited a friend9. What will the woman probably do this weekend?A. Play tennis.B

6、. Do some shoppingC. Go to a dance听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. Where are the new houses?A. On the main road.B. Close to a bus station. C. Near the sports center.11. What does the woman like most about the new houses?A. The garden.B. The space.C. The quietness12. How does the man feel about the womans sugges

7、tion?A. Delighted.B. Disappointed.C. Uninterested.听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。13. What cant the students do without a teacher?A. Hold parties.B. Complete the Safety Sheet.C. Use any emergency equipment.14. Why are the students asked to tie back their loose hour in the lab?A. It may catch fireB. It may cover th

8、eir eyes.C. It may pass chemicals to their faces.15. What is the speech mainly about?A. Laboratory regulations.B. Safety instructions.C. After-class activities.第三节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面的一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题近填写一个词，听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间，这段对话你将听两遍。Telephone Cancellation Request FormAcco

9、unt NameEdward 16 Telephone No. 17 Home Phone PlanNonrefundable(不退款) 18 pre-paid planReason for Cancellation 19 houseCancellation Date Required 20 9, by 5:00 pm【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座1、2、寒假训班中均有涉及。第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：

10、Its so nice to hear from her again _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B. Thats to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not答案是D。21.Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/

11、英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting【试题点评】本题在中小学教育网高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座1/动词的时态和语态中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C.to c

12、orrect D. correcting【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.A. why B. how C. that D. whether【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。25. George said that he would come to school to

13、see me the next day, but he _.A. wouldnt B. didnt C. hasnt D. hadnt 【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有

14、涉及。27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _.A. some B. less C. much D. more【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有

15、涉及。29. Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately no one _.A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。30. Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developed B. was developingC. would develop D. develope

16、d【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。33. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face C. could h

17、ave faced D. must have faced【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。34. Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?A. at B. on C. to D. across【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had

18、 been【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Inspiration“Mama, when I grow up, Im going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first tim

19、e that my _36_ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was _37_ to more, my interests in the world of dance _38_ varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I

20、received the phone call which made that dream a _40_; I became a member of the company _41_ back to 1925.As I look back on that day now, it surely _42_ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day. I never actual

21、ly _44_ to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely _45_. I remember shaking with excitement.Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of _46_. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to _4

22、7_ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme _48_ to detail (细节) and stress on practice that set us _49_. To then follow those high-energy rehearsals _50_ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new _51_ of the words “hard work.” What

23、 I thought were my physical _52_ were pushed much further than I thought _53_. I learned to make each performance better than the last.Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great _54_ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a _55_ that has ins

24、pired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word37.A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended38. A. rarely B. certainly C. probably D. consistently39.A.

25、director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality41. A. bouncing B. dating C. turning D. tracking42. A. lacksB. addsC. makesD. brings43. A. while B. since C. until D. when44.A. Cared B. Expected C. Asked D. Decided45.A. motivated B. relaxed C. convinced D. astonished

26、46.A. challenges B. profits C. advantages D. adventures47.A. put B. mix C. build D. pick 48.A. Attention B. association C. attraction D. adaptation49.A. apart B. aside C. off D. back50.A. over B. by C. with D. beyond51.A. function B. meaning C. expression D. usage52.A. boundaries B. problems C. barr

27、iers D. efforts53.A. necessary B. perfect C. properD. possible54.A. talent B. honor C. potential D. responsibility55.A. victory B. trend C. tradition D. desire【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe

28、 Basics of MathMade ClearBasic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.The lessons

29、in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to othe

30、r branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance

31、to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completely understandablefield of study.By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understan

32、ding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educati

33、onal Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less

34、 scary.With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, yo

35、u can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics. C. Arithmetic. D. Mathematics Education.57. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? A. Stronger imaginative abi

36、lity. B. Additional presentation skills. C. More mathematical confidence. D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel? A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television. B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. C. He works in Georgia State

37、 University. D. He specializes in training teachers.59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report. B. A book review C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。BPeanuts to ThisProudly reading my words, I glanced around th

38、e room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?”Quickly, I flashed

39、back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that

40、 name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my tea

41、cher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip (掷) a coin. Headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally los

42、t. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant th

43、at George Washington?Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself hea

44、rtily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the

45、headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!60. What did the authors classmates think about his report?A. Controversial. B. Ridiculous.C. Boring. D. Puzzling.61. Why was the author confused about the task?A. He was unfamiliar with American history.B. He followed the

46、 advice and flipped a coin.C. He forgot his teachers instruction.D. He was new at the school.62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _.A. annoyed B. ashamedC. ready D. eager63. In the end, the author turned things around _.A. by redoing his taskB. through his own effortsC. with t

47、he help of his grandfatherD. under the guidance of his headmaster【试题点评】本题在中有详细讲解，在高考精品班/强化提高班/英语/讲座2、寒假特训班、百日冲刺班中均有涉及。CDecision-making under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on ple

48、asure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.

49、”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed

50、by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eati

51、ng cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are al

52、so easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water

53、 task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions a

54、re risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall cons

55、equences more effortlesslyC. make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn a subject more effectively65. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions66.The research has proved