unit 15 part Ⅰ

1、Unit 15LearningThe New York Subway Library纽约地铁最近和纽约公共图书馆合作推出了一座特殊的“地铁图书馆”，乘客可以连接地铁内的无线网络，并访问电子图书馆免费阅读。为了让这个活动更有吸引力，纽约地铁还专门把一列地铁的车厢内部布置成图书馆阅览室的模样。Its free and you have nothing better to doread a book, friends!The New York Public Library announced Thursday on its website that it is launching “Subway L

2、ibrary，”a new initiative between the New York, Brooklyn and Queens Libraries, the MTA and Transit Wireless that provides straphangers with free access to hundreds of ebooks for all ages.To access the ebooks, subway riders underground will connect to the free TransitWirelessWiFi on their smartphones,

3、 or other internetable devices, and then click on the SubwayL prompt (提示). Theyll then have access to the ebooks，excerpts, and short storiesall ready to read on the train.The library is also promoting its ereader app, SimplyE.“We also hope people enjoy this taste of what we offer so much that they v

4、isit a library branch, or download SimplyEour free ereader appwhich gives people access to NYPLs entire collection of free ebooks，”NYPL said in a statement.To celebrate Subway Library, there will be one train decorated on the inside with a design that looks like the interior (内部) of the NYPLs Rose R

5、eading Room in the Main Branch.Titles available right now to commuters include “Open City” by Teju Cole，“The Nest” by Cynthia dAprix Sweeney and Patti Smiths memoir (回忆录)，“Just Kids”.词海拾贝1.wireless adj.无线的2.click on 点击3.have access to 有接近的方法或途径4.excerpt n. 摘录，节录5.available adj. 可获得的Part Warmup &

6、 Lesson 1Lifelong Learning.重点单词1.backwards adv.由后向前地2.correction n. 改正，改进3.simplify vt. 简化4.secure adj. 稳定的，无忧无虑的5.blank adj. 空白的6.swell v. 被充满；膨胀，肿胀7.suspect v. 怀疑8.status n. 现状，社会地位9.chief adj. 最高级别的10.instruct v. 指导，教导11.bury vt. 埋葬12.distinguish vt. 区别，辨别.核心短语1.go up 上升，上涨2.lay off 解雇，裁员3.aside

7、from 除之外4.distinguish from 辨别5.frankly speaking 坦率地说6.switch off 关上7.set up 开办，创立8.in person 亲自.经典句式1.Its never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。2.In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree.过去，如果有人像我一样没能通过高考而无法进

8、入大学，他就没有机会获得学位。3.I felt as if I had done something wrong!我感觉自己好像犯了错！4.What is it about the world today that makes it necessary to continue learning?当今世界，到底是什么使得继续学习变得有必要？5.I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。构词法记单词1.派生correct vt.改正，改进 adj.正确的correction n.改正，改进simple

9、 adj.简单的，朴素的simplify vt.简化spell vt.拼写spelling n.拼写use vt.用，使用user n.使用者distinguish vt.区别，辨别distinguished adj.卓越的，杰出的instruct v.指导，教导instruction n.指示；用法说明instructive adj.富有教义的2.转化suspect v.怀疑n.嫌疑犯chief adj.最高级别的n.首领，最高领导人阅读清障various/'veris/adj.各种各样的，不同种类的vary/'veri/v.变化，有差异variety/v'raiti

10、/n.多变，多样化；品种，种类what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。never/not too.to.表示肯定意义。be about to do sth即将做某事(不能与时间状语连用)。graduate from毕业于graduation/rædu'ein/n.毕业；毕业典礼qualification/kwlf'ken/n.资格；资历qualify v.取得资格；使具备资格get promoted获得晋升secure/s'kj/adj.稳定的；安心的while在本句中引导一个省略了主语和谓语的时间状语从句。frankly speaking坦率地说frankl

11、y/'frækli/adv.坦率地，真诚地worth/w/adj.值得的be worth doing值得做be worthy of being donebe worthy to be done值得做lay off解雇go blank(脑子、屏幕)一片空白blank/blæk/adj.空白的go为连系动词，其后跟形容词作表语。go后的表语多是贬义词，而come后的表语多是褒义词。例如：gocome true实现swell/swel/v.充满；膨胀，肿胀本句为含有虚拟语气的复合句，从句用had done，主句用would have done，表示与过去事实相反的假设。r

12、etirement/ri'taimnt/n.退休retire/ri'tai/v.退休；退役；休庭suspect/s'spekt/v.怀疑that在此处作程度副词，相当于so。lump/lmp/n.块，团这是由but连接的并列复合句，第一个分句中suspect后是由that引导的宾语从句，because引导原因状语从句；第二个分句中and连接两个并列谓语“brought”和“made”，made后面的want to cry是省略to的动词不定式作“me”的宾语补足语。as if引导方式状语从句。as if/though引导方式状语从句时，从句常用虚拟语气。though a

13、dv.然而 conj.尽管status/'stets/n.状况；地位at the moment那时chief/tif/adj.最高级别的prove v.证明，证实that引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语。因为先行词thing被形容词最高级修饰，故关系代词只可用that，不可用which。saying/'se/n.格言，谚语老狗学不会新把戏。(意译：朽木不可雕也。)postage/'pstd/n.邮费go up上升，上涨go up是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。airmail/'emel/n.航空邮政by airmail通过航空邮政by表示“通过(方式或手段)”

14、时后面的名词前无冠词。user/'juz/n.使用者that引导的从句在句中作decided的宾语。It was time(that).意为“是的时候了”。其详细用法请参见后面讲解部分。instruct/n'strkt/v.指导，教导此处为“介词(at)关系代词(which)”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词speed。aside from除之外aside from与apart from一样，具有双重含义：除之外(还有)(besides)；除之外(无)(except)。it是形式主语，动词不定式to see and talk to my grandchildren in the US

15、 on the iCam作真正的主语。in person亲自，亲身personally adv.亲自switch off关闭bury/'beri/vt.埋葬switch off.与bury.均为省略to的动词不定式短语，作表语。anyway adv.无论如何anyhow adv.无论如何alphabet/'ælfbet/n.字母表alphabetical adj.依字母(表)顺序的原文呈现The Importance of Lifelong LearningNowadays，more and more people of various ages and backgr

16、ounds are continuing to study to improve themselves.Heres what they have to say about their lifelong learning experience.Sun Wen28 years old“Its never too late to learn.”That was the advice I got after I failed my college entrance exam.Now Im about to graduate from the School of Continuing Education

17、 at Qinghua University with a Bachelors Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning.Because of my new qualification，Im getting promoted at work.In the past，if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam，he would have had no chance of getting a degree.But its di

18、fferent now.I decided to give myself a second chance by studying for a degree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a secure fulltime job.Frankly speaking，the last four years have been hard work，but its been worth it!Ms Tang45 years oldThree months ago，when my manager told me that I would be

19、 laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.In the past，if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years，they would have stayed there until retirement！I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made m

20、e want to cry.I felt as if I had done something wrong！I know this isnt true though.Its just the status of the job market at the moment.At first，I enjoyed being a fulltime housewife and called myself“CHO”or“chief home officer”.But soon I got bored and decided to do a business course.I have always dre

21、amed of starting my own company.I have nearly finished the course now and it has been very helpful.I have learnt so many new skills and have already prepared a business plan for setting up my own export company！I think that getting laid off will prove to be the best thing that ever happened to me.Gr

22、andpa Chen75 years oldIm sure you all know the saying，“You cant teach an old dog new tricks.”Well，its certainly not true！Im an old dog，and Im teaching myself new tricks every day!It all started a few months ago when postage went up.Id been sending letters by airmail to my daughter in the US once a w

23、eek，but，suddenly，it was too expensive.I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.And aside from emailing，its fun to see and talk to my grandchildren

24、 in the US on the iCam.In the past，if Id wanted to see them，I would have had to visit them in person.So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.This is so wrong!Anyway，its time for me to go now.I have to practise the alpha

25、betB31！Im doing an English course on the Internet.课文译文终身学习的重要性现在，越来越多不同年龄、不同背景的人在不断地学习以提高自己。这里是他们对自己终身学习经历的描述。孙文28岁“学习永远都不会太晚。”这是我在高考失败后得到的忠告。现在我即将从清华大学的成人教育学院毕业，通过远程学习获得计算机工程专业的学士学位。因为我的新资历，我将在工作上得到晋升。过去，如果有人像我一样没能通过高考而无法进入大学，他就没有机会获得学位。但是现在不同了。我决定再给自己一次机会，在保持一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习以取得一个学位。坦率地说，过

26、去这四年很辛苦，但是值得！唐女士45岁三个月前，当我的经理告诉我，我将要下岗了，我的脑子木了，心中充满愤怒。过去，如果有人为一家公司工作了20多年，他们就能一直留在那里直到退休！我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉头哽咽，让我想哭。我感觉好像自己犯了错！然而我知道我并没有犯错，一切都只是因为当时的就业市场的状况而已。起初，我很享受做一名全职家庭主妇，并称自己为“CHO”，即“chief home officer(家庭长官)”。但不久我就厌倦了，我决定去进修一门商业课程。我一直梦想着成立自己的公司。现在我快要完成这门课程了，并且它很有帮助。我学会了很多新技能，并且已经准备了一

27、份商业计划来创办我自己的出口公司！我觉得被解雇将会被证明是曾经发生在我身上的最好的一件事。陈爷爷75岁我确信你们都知道这句谚语：“老狗学不会新把戏(朽木不可雕也)。”这句话一定错了！我是一个老家伙，然而我每天都在自学新把戏！一切起源于几个月前邮费上涨的时候。以前我每周都会通过航空邮政给我远在美国的女儿寄信，但突然间，邮费变得太贵了。我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。我让我的孙子教我怎样发电子邮件和使用互联网，并且我真的很喜欢信息发送和回复的速度。除了发电子邮件，能在网络眼上看到我在美国的孙辈并与之交谈也很有意思。过去，如果我想见他们，就不得不亲自去他们那里。很多人认为退休后你所能做的就是停止使

28、用大脑，埋藏所学过的一切。这真是大错特错！不管怎样，我现在得走了。我要去练习字母表了！我正在互联网上进修一门英语课程。.Skim the text for the main idea.Nowadays, more and more people realize the importance of learning，so a lot of people of various ages and backgrounds try to find different ways to continue learning to upgrade themselves.Read the text careful

29、ly and choose the best answer.1.The following are the reasons why people think lifelong learning important EXCEPT .A.its never too late to learnB.they want to develop new skillsC.the old need to switch off their brain and bury everything theyve learnedD.theyd like to get new qualifications答案C2.Accor

30、ding to Sun Wens opinion， .A.all can continue learning and get promotedB.nowadays we can get a degree after failing the college entrance examC.work and study are quite the same as it was like beforeD.we cant be given a second chance by studying for formal qualifications while keeping a secure fullti

31、me job答案B3.Why does Ms.Tang think getting laid off is the best thing that ever happened to her？Because .A.she would have stayed in the company until retirementB.she can have more free time to learn at schoolC.she enjoys being a fulltime housewifeD.she has learnt many new skills and prepared to set u

32、p her own export company after getting laid off答案D4.Whats the status of the job market at the moment?A.Not all companies were doing that well.B.Not all people got laid off because of doing something wrong.C.People would not have to stay in a company until retirement.D.All the above.答案C5.In Grandpa C

33、hens opinion， .A.you cant teach an old dog new tricksB.if youd wanted to see your grandchildren，you should have had to visit them in personC.old people can teach themselves new tricksD.if the postage went up，youd better not become an Internet user答案C.Analyze the following difficult sentences in the

34、text.1.I decided to give myself a second chance by studying for a degree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a secure fulltime job.句式分析by studying.是介词短语表方式；while keeping a secure fulltime job是状语从句的省略。尝试翻译我决定再给自己一次机会，在保持一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习以取得学位。2.I suspect that they laid me off becaus

35、e the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.句式分析本句是由but连接的并列复合句，前一个分句中含有that引导的宾语从句且此宾语从句中又含有because引导的原因状语从句；后一个分句是由and连接的并列句。尝试翻译我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉头哽咽，让我想哭。3.I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet a

36、nd I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.句式分析尝试翻译于是我让我的孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢信息传送和回复的速度。4.So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.句式分析尝试翻译很多人认为退休后你所能做的就是关闭大脑，埋藏所学过的所有东西。1.suspect v.怀疑；不信

37、任；怀疑某人有罪 n.嫌疑犯；可疑对象(教材P36)I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry. 我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉头哽咽，让我想哭。suspect sth怀疑某事suspect sb to be怀疑某人是suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做)某事；怀疑某人有罪suspectthat从句 怀疑I

38、have no reason to suspect her honesty/loyalty.我没有理由怀疑她的诚实/忠诚。The police suspected that Bill did it.The police suspected Bill of doing it.警察怀疑那件事是比尔干的。We all suspect her to be(be) an actress，but no one knows her.我们猜想她是一名演员，但没有人认识她。Two suspects in connection with the case are now being investigated.与案

39、件有关的两名嫌疑犯正在接受调查。2.instruct v.教导，指导；指示，命令(教材P36)I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered. 于是我让我的孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢信息传送和回复的速度。(1)instruct sb in sthteach sb sth教某人某事instruct sb to do sth命令某人做某事in

40、structthat/wh从句命令(从句用虚拟语气)(2)instruction n.教授；传授；pl.指示；命令；用法说明instructions做某事的指示/命令instruction in sth教授/传授某事She instructed me in the use of the computer.她教我使用电脑。The government instructed that more measures (should)be taken(take)to promote the employment.政府下令应采取更多措施促进就业。Those boys were instructed to

41、wait(wait)there.那些男孩被告知在那儿等着。When we talk to it，it will carry out our instructions(instruct).当我们告诉它时，它会执行我们的命令。3.bury vt.埋葬，埋藏；覆盖，掩盖；使投入(教材P36)So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.很多人认为退休后你所能做的就是关闭大脑，埋藏所学过的所有东西。be bu

42、ried alive被活埋bury.in.把埋到里bury ones head/face in ones hands用手捂住头/脸be buried in thought沉思bury oneself in (doing) sth埋头于/专心于(做)某事(be) buried in (doing) sth埋头于/专心于(做)某事Many great Englishmen are buried in Westminster Abbey.许多伟大的英国人被安葬在威斯敏斯特大教堂。She buried her face in her hands and wept.她掩面而泣。He buried him

43、self in reading a book when I came in.He was buried in reading a book when I came in.我进来时他正专心看书。Buried(bury)in thought，he didnt notice me coming in.由于在沉思，他没有注意到我进来。4.distinguish vt.& vi.区分，辨别，分清 vt.使有别于，成为的特征，使具有特色；使出众(教材P37)If the room had not been dark，he would have distinguished the two pictu

44、res. 如果房间不暗，他早就分辨出两幅图画了。distinguish between A and B 区分A和Bdistinguish A from B 把A和B区分开distinguish oneself (as.)某人(作为)著名/受人青睐It is not easy to distinguish between cultured pearls and natural ones.辨别人工养殖的珍珠和天然珍珠是不容易的。Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.人类和动物的区别在于人会说话。She distinguished hersel

45、f(she) as a black lawyer.作为一名黑人律师她很出众。I admire your distinguished(distinguish)achievements.我真羡慕你卓越的成就。1.frankly speaking坦率地说(在句中作独立状语)(教材P36)Frankly speaking，the last four years have been hard work，but its been worth it! 坦白地说，过去这4年过得很艰难，但是值得！honestly speakingto be honest说实话generally speaking一般而言，一般说

46、来exactly speaking确切地说strictly speaking严格地说personally speaking就个人而言Generally speaking，it is difficult to master a foreign language in such a short time.一般来说，在这么短的时间内掌握一门外语是很难的。Exactly(exact)speaking，the plane will take off at 4：45 this afternoon.确切地说，这架飞机将于今天下午4点45分起飞。Personally speaking，I prefer the

47、 yellow coat of the left.就我个人而言，我喜欢左边那件黄色外套。名师点津(1)frankly speaking常用作状语，近义短语还有：to be frank/to be honest/honestly speaking/to tell you the truth等。(2)以上结构均为独立成分。独立成分表达了说话人的观点，不受句子主语的限制，故其形式是固定的：speaking不能用spoken或to speak替换。2.lay off裁员；解雇；停止，中止(教材P36)Three months ago，when my manager told me that I wou

48、ld be laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger. 三个月前，当经理告诉我将被解雇时，我的脑子一片空白，满腔怒火。lay off doing sth停止做某事lay aside把搁置一旁；留存，储存lay down放下；制定(条例或原则)lay out摆开，铺开；安排，布置Why dont you lay off smoking for a while until your cough gets better?为何不戒一段时间烟，直到你咳嗽好些呢？The enemy was defeated，laying dow

49、n their arms.敌军被打败了，放下了武器。Lay aside some money every month and youll become rich some day.每月存一些钱，将来有一天你就会成为富人。The company was deeply in debt and some employees were laid off.这家公司深陷债务之中，一些雇员被解雇了。3.aside from.(apart from.)除之外(教材P36)And aside from emailing，its fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in

50、 the US on the iCam. 除了收发电子邮件之外，我用网络摄像头看到了在美国的孙子并且同他们聊天，太有趣了。aside from/except for/except除之外(都)aside from/besides/in addition to除之外(还)Aside from/Besides/In addition to reading for knowledge，we read for fun and inspiration.除了为获得知识而阅读外，我们还为获得乐趣和灵感而阅读。You can have any of the cakes except/aside from thi

51、s one.除了这块蛋糕外，你可以吃任何一块。Aside from necessary clothes，I also carried a camera.除了必需的衣服外，我还带了个相机。易混辨析but，besides，except，except for，aside frombut“除了”，表示从整体中除去一部分，排除或不包括在内besides“除之外(还有)”，包括在整体内except“除之外”，与but同义，表示从整体中除去，不包括在内except for“美中不足，除了以外”，表示一种惋惜aside from“除以外(还有)；除去”，相当于apart from，即可指包含在内，也可指排除在

52、外即学即用选用上述词语填空There is nothing but a double bed in the room.房间里除了一张双人床什么也没有。We have lots of things in common besides music.除了音乐，我们还有许多共同点。The composition is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.除了几处拼写错误之外，这篇习作写得很好。4.get promoted得到提拔，晋升(教材P36)Because of my new qualification，Im getting promo

53、ted at work.由于我取得了新的资格证，因此我在工作中得到了提升。(1)get punished受到惩罚get hurt/broken受到伤害get married结婚(2)和“be过去分词”一样，“get过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构，用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。Soon，they got married and had two children.很快，他们结婚了，并有了两个孩子。He will get paid for his kindness.他好心会有好报。You might get hurt if you stand there.

54、你站在那里可能会被伤到。1.(教材P36)Its never too late to learn.活到老，学到老。(1)在too的前面有not，never，only，but，just等词修饰时，这个句型表示肯定意义。(2)当“too.to.”结构中有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready，eager，satisfied，kind，willing，easy，anxious等时，形容词或副词和动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的结构，其后的不定式修饰形容词或副词，而不再表示结果，这时too相当于very。The maths problem is too difficult for me to

55、work out.这道数学题太难我解不出来。Hearing the news，he was too nervous to speak.听到这个消息，他紧张得说不出话来。Im only too glad to see(see) you.见到你我真是太高兴了。Its never too late to stop smoking.戒烟何时都不算晚。名师点津该句型有时可与so/such.that.结构互换。The box is too heavy for me to carry.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.It is such a heavy bo

56、x that I cant carry it.这个箱子太重，我提不起来。2.(教材P36)I felt as if I had done something wrong!我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！(1)as if在look，seem，feel，sound等系动词后可引导表语从句，也可引导方式状语从句。其用法和意义与as though相似，都表示“好像，仿佛”之意。(2)如果as if从句中所说的内容是事实时，从句中的动词应该使用陈述语气。(3)如果as if从句中所说的内容为非真实情况，从句中的动词应该使用过去式或过去完成式，be动词与第一、三人称连用时，常用were。(4)当as if引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，且从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)或动词ing形式了。He looks as