利益集团论文：利益集团视角下中国垄断行业高收入问题研究

1、利益集团论文：利益集团视角下中国垄断行业高收入问题研究【中文摘要】近年来中国综合国力显著提升、民众收入水平大幅提高,新一代领导集体明确提出充分关注民生,把建设社会主义和谐社会作为全国上下共同奋斗的目标。然而,在经济高速增长的同时,居民收入却存在着明显差距,特别是不同行业之间的差距日趋扩大。垄断行业的高收入问题,在学术界也引起了前所未有的关注。西方利益集团理论为研究政治经济问题开辟了一条新的道路,它指出在政治市场上利益集团通常发挥着重要作用。中国与西方的政治体制虽然不同,但近年来社会阶层也出现了分化趋势,并出现集团化倾向。收入改革正是不同群体间的利益竞争、再调整的过程。因而本文认为收入问题是政治

2、经济综合问题,并在国内外垄断及垄断收入理论综述和利益集团理论介绍的基础上,以新政治经济学的视角来研究中国垄断行业的高收入问题。首先,本文通过比较行业间的收入差距,说明当前存在垄断行业收入过高、上缴利润比例过低的状况,并对照利益集团的定义把涉及到垄断行业收入问题的成员划分为四个利益集团垄断企业集团、消费者集团、非垄断企业集团和规制者集团。其次,运用个人主义方法论分析每个利益集团的目标、成员和政治活动：垄断企业集团成员少而精,与规制者集团关系密切,在政治市场上拥有特殊地位；消费者集团成员多且散,个体参与政治活动的激励严重不足；非垄断企业集团内部成员差异大,易分裂成若干子集团,难以形成统一行动；规制

3、者集团虽然拥有削减垄断行业高收入的目标,但政企不分在一定时期内仍然存在的局面,使得官员个体出于自身利益的考虑,对垄断企业有所偏袒与保护。总而言之,我们认为：正是消费者集团与垄断企业集团的力量悬殊,使得垄断企业拥有对其提供产品和服务定价的话语权；而非垄断企业集团的不作为与规制者集团目标的多重性也使得垄断局面无法打破。这些因素共同导致了垄断行业取得高额的垄断利润,从而使其行业收入居高不下。最后,在对收入分配改革过程中各利益集团进行博弈分析的基础上,提出政策建议。博弈分析得出：只要在垄断企业集团的政治影响力比消费者集团、非垄断企业集团影响力大的情况下,双方博弈的结果总是垄断企业集团获得的收益,并且垄

4、断企业与政府更易结成同盟。因此,垄断行业高收入是各利益集团的博弈结果。要推动收入改革的进程,必须缩减消费者集团、非垄断企业集团与垄断企业集团政治影响力上的差距,且政府与垄断企业之间的关系必须有所改变。在以上分析基础之上,本文得出整治垄断行业高收入问题的对策建议,认为消费者集团应与消费者协会联合、非垄断企业应主动表达诉求,来提高他们的政治影响力；政策规制者要试图建立对垄断企业集团的激励监管机制,并加强对自身行为的监督,使得垄断问题的改制法律化、制度化；此外,将第三次分配作为调节收入的重要手段,以缩小贫富差距。总之,规制者集团作为收入改革的主导者,要权衡各利益集团的利益,调和他们之间的关系,最终建

5、立一个相对合理的收入分配制度,使全体人民朝着共同富裕的方向稳步前进。【英文摘要】In recent years, the comprehensive capability of China has been strengthened and the living standard of people has been improved substantially. New leadership of the Communist Party of China has declared clearly that the government must attach more importance

6、to peoples livelihood, and must unite all people to struggle for the goal to construct the socialist harmonious society. However, with the rapid development of Chinas economy, there exist great differences among peoples income, especially the growing gap in industrial income. Furthermore, the gap be

7、tween people who engaged in monopoly industry and others is obviously noticeable. High income of monopoly industries has aroused widespread concern in academic circles.Western interest group theory provides us a new way to research on political and economic problems; it indicates that interest group

8、 plays an important role in political market. Although Chinas political regime is different from that of western countries, our social stratum has been divided into different part and some interest groups occurred. The income reform is just a process of interest competing and coordination for differ

9、ent interest groups. In all, this paper pointed out that the problem of income is a political and economic issue. Based on the theory of monopoly, income distribution and interest groups, this paper tries to study the problem of high income in monopoly industries from the perspective of new politica

10、l economy.Firstly, the paper contrasts industry income, states that income of monopoly industry is so high, and the proportion of revenue handed to the state is so low. It divide people involved in this issue to 4 groups, according to the definition of interest groups:those are monopolists, consumer

11、s, non-monopolists, and regulators。Secondly, the paper analyses targets, members and political activities for every single groups using methodological individualism:monopolist group is quite small, though its members are very large which have little divergence and have good relationship with regulat

12、ors, and as a result, it has special political status; consumer group is very large, but its members are scattered, the incentive for each individual to make political effort is serious deficiency; non-monopolist groups influence is weak for its each member has great divergence, and it could be divi

13、ded to some small groups easily, its difficult for these members of this group to form an unified action; the regulation group has the target to cut off the high income of monopoly industries, but in certain period un-distinction between governments and enterprises still exists, governors always tak

14、e sides to monopolist for their own interests. All in all, the paper points out that the wide gap between the strength of consumers and monopolists enhance the monopolistspower to pricing their products or services, and the indifference of non-monopolists, the ambiguous of regulators all lead to the

15、 results for monopolist gaining high monopoly profits and sustaining high income.Finally, based on game analysis for those interest groups in the processing of income distribution reform, the paper included that as long as the political influence of monopolist group is stronger than that of consumer

16、 group and non-monopolist group, the result of the game is monopolist gain more profits. Further more, monopoly enterprises and government have the tendency to form alliances. Therefore high income of monopoly industries is the game result among various interest groups. In order to promote the refor

17、m process, the gap of political influence between monopolist group and consumer group, non-monopolist group must be reduced, and the relationship between monopoly enterprises and the government must be changed. At the last, this paper brings up some suggestions on regulating high income of monopoly

18、industry. These suggestions includes the supporting the union of consumers and consumersassociation, non-monopolistsexpressing their demands actively, establishing an incentive regulation mechanism for monopolists, supervising regulatorsown behavior and utilize the third distribution to balance inco

19、me gap. After all, the most important is that government should balance all interest for every interest group, and ease their relations. This paper looks forward that one day we could build up a relatively reasonable income distribution system and all people walk towards a livelihood of common prosp

20、erity.【关键词】利益集团 垄断行业 收入差距 收入改革【英文关键词】interest groups monopoly industries income gap income reform【目录】利益集团视角下中国垄断行业高收入问题研究摘要3-5Abstract5-6第一章 绪论9-14第一节 选题背景与意义9-10第二节 选题视角与方法10-12第三节 研究内容与框架12-14第二章 文献综述14-20第一节 垄断行业高收入的文献综述14-17一、垄断及垄断利润理论综述14-16二、国内学者对于行业收入差距的研究综述16-17第二节 利益集团:一个新政治经济学视角17-20一、利益集团相关理论介绍17-18二、利益集团理论在中国的适用性18-20第三章 垄断行业收入现状:存在不同的利益集团20-28第一节 中国垄断行业收入现状20-25一、收入差距加大已成不争事实20-22二、垄断