定语从句常见错误例析

1、定语从句专项报告-定语从句常见错误例析青岛六中 周汝宁【热点综述】定语从句是高中英语新教材中一个非常重要的语法项目,亦是一个难 点, 同时也是近几年高考英语单项填空题考查的热点。 由于其用法及内容繁 杂,还牵涉到动词时态、主谓一致、不定代词等项目,在使用中往往犯这样 或那样的错误,以至在考试中造成失分现象。为澄清对定语从句的理解上所存在的误区, 避免由于判断上的失误而造 成的失分现象,现对在使用定语从句时常犯的错误进行归纳和总结。 1. 省去作主语的关系代词(1 【误】 The changes have happened in the past few years make the city

2、look even more beautiful.【正】 The changes that have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful.(2 【误】 Those want to visit the art exhibition sign your names, please. 【正】 Those who want to visit the art exhibition sign your names, please.【析】关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,而作主语却不可 省去。 又如:

3、Most of the people who were invited to the conference were famous scientists from Africa.(who不能省略 2.从句中使用冗余的人称代词或副词(1 The compositions we handed th em in two weeks ago havent been marked yet.【析】从句中省去了作宾语的关系代词 that/which,故 them 为多余 的,应去掉。(2 After living in Paris for 50 years, he returned to the small

4、 town where he grew up as a child there.【析】关系副词 where 在从句中作地点状语,使用 there 属语义重 复,故去掉。3. as 与 it, which混用(1【误】 It has been mentioned above, the number of senior high school students is increasing.【正】 As has been mentioned above, the number of senior high school students is increasing.【析】 as 引导的非限定性定语从

5、句置于句首,对整个主句起说明作用。(2【误】 As is known to all that smoking does great harm to health.【正】 It is known to all that smoking does great harm to health.或 As is known to all, smoking does great harm to health.【析】 As 引导非限定性定语从句,若置于句首,要用逗号与主句隔开; it 放在句子开头,作形式主语,将从句置于句子后边,中间无逗号。 (3【误】 Tom drinks a lot every day,

6、 as his wife doesnt like at all.【正】 Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.【析】用 as/which引导非限定性定语从句的区别在于:as 从句既可放 在主句后, 也可置于句首, 而 which 从句只能放在主句后面:当主句与从句 语义一致时,通常用 as ;反之则用 which 。也就是说,定语从句如果表否定 意义,往往用 which 引导。4.从句中误用人称代词或物主代词。(1【误】 China has hundreds of islands, the largest o

7、f them is Taiwan.【正】 China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 或 China has hundreds of islands, and the largest of them is Taiwan.(2 【误】 He has two sons, both of whom are technicians.【正】 He has two sons, both of them are technicians.He has two sons, and both of them are technici

8、ans.【析】在定语从句中要用关系代词和关系副词,不能用人称代词和副 词。人称代词和副词只能用在独立的单句或分句中。(3 【误】 The boss in his department Ms.King worked looked down upon women.【正】 The boss in whose department Ms.King worked looked down upon women.【析】从句中用 whose 作定语,修饰名词。又如:Have you seen the film “Titanic”, whose leading actors are world-famous?

9、5.关系代词与关系副词混用。(1【误】 What I miss badly are those happy hours when I spent together with them.【正】 What I miss badly are those happy hours (that/which I spent together with them.(2 【误】 I live in Hong Kong, where is the Special Administrative Zone. 【正】 I live in Hong Kong, which is the Special Administr

10、ative Zone. (3【误】 Is this museum the one where some German friends visited the other day?【正】 Is this museum the one that/which some German friends visited the other day?【析】 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、 表语和定语等; 而关系副词在从句中作状语。6.误用 v-ing 结构替换定语从句。(1【误】 The girl bringing milk here every morning is from a mountain vill

11、age. 【正】 The girl who brings milk here every morning is from a mountain village.(2 【误】 The scholars returning from abroad recently were awarded by the local government.【正】 The scholars who had returned from abroad recently were awarded by the local government.【析】下列两种情况定语从句不宜用 v-ing 替换:定语从句谓语动词的 动作先于

12、主句谓语动词的动作。7. that 与 which 的混用(1【误】 The weather turned out to be very good, that was more than we expected.【正】 The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we expected.(2【误】 The stories about the Second World War were well written, of that this is one example.【正】 The stories about the

13、Second World War were well written, of which this is one example.【析】 that 和 which 各有使用的情况,两者不能混淆。在非限制性从句及 介 词 后 要 使 用 which 。 下 列 情 况 须 用 that : 先 行 词 为 something/anything/everything/nothing/all/much/little等。 先行词被形容词最 高级、序数词修饰时。先行词被 all/the very/the only 等修饰时。先行词 既有人,又有物时。如:(1T he thief finally hand

14、ed everything that he had stolen to the police.(2A ll that can be done must be done well.(3T he Origin of Species was one of the most important books that were published during the 18th century.(4I n class our teacher told us about the famous writer and his masterpieces that were unknown to us all.(

15、5A h, here is the very thing that I am after.8.数的误用(1【误】 I, who is your close friend, will certainly help you when in trouble. 【正】 I, who am your close friend, will certainly help you when in trouble. 【析】定语从句谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词保持一致,因此应把 is 改 为 am 。(2This is the only one of the tape-recorders in the sound

16、 lab that doesnt needrepairing.【析】 one 前有 the only修饰, 故 one 为先行词, 从句谓语动词用单数 doesnt need 。9. 限定性与非限定性定语从句的误用(1 【误】 Abraham Lincoln who led the American people through these years was shot at a theatre in Washington, D.C.【正】 Abraham Lincoln ,who led the American people through these years was shot at

17、a theatre in Washington, D.C.【析】 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用, 非限定性定语从句对先行 词进行说明解释。非限定性定语从句使用的情况:先行词为专有名词时; 先行词被指示代词 this/these等修饰时;定语从句由不定代词或数词 +whom/which引导时;从句由复合介词 (in front of/in the middle of/at the back of/at the top of等 +whom/which引导时。例如:(1I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.(2These goods

18、, which my friend delivered two months ago, reached me only yesterday.(3We had two spare rooms downstairs, neither of which had been used for at least a year.(4Soon we arrived at farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.10. as 与 that 的混用【误】 The house was sold at such a low price that people hadn

19、t expected.【正】 The house was sold at such a low price as people hadnt expected.【析】先行词前若有 such/the same/as/so等词修饰时,从句须用 as 引导。例 如:(1T his is such a heavy suitcase as you cant carry, Im afraid.(2I ll take the same train as he did last week to Shenzhen.若先行词前有形容词比较级修饰时,从句一般用 than 引出,如:He sat at the tabl

20、e for an hour and drank considerably more wine than is good health.【考题精解】1. hese houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.(上海2000A. like B. as C. that D. which【析】本句包含一个定语从句修饰“ a low price” ,从句中缺宾语,应 选关系代词,可排除 A 项;由于先行词 a low price被 such 修饰,应选 as 。 2. The gentleman _ you told me yesterda

21、y proved to be a thief.(上海 2000A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom【析】本句定语从句中的动词结构为“ you told me about the gentleman” 应选 B 。3. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _.he grew up as a child.(全国 1996A. which B. where C. that D. when【析】本句包含一个定语从句修饰“ the small town” ,从

22、句中缺状语, 因而应选关系副词,根据上下文应表示地点,应选 B 。4. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.(全国 1994A. what B. which C. that D. it【析】本题中的定语从句修饰 The weather turned out to be very good, 因而此处要求填上关系代词,在从句中作主语,选 B 。5. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very

23、 much.(全国 1999A. it B. that C. when D. which【析】本题中的定语从句修饰 Carol said the work would be done by October ,因而此处要求填上关系代词,在从句中作主语,选 D 。6. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.(全国 1991A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which I think it D. I think which is【析】本句后面部

24、分为定语从句, I think 作插入成分, which 在从句 中作主语,修饰 discovery ,应选 A 。7. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.(上海 1999A. Which B. As C. That D. It【析】本句前面部分为定语从句,所需关系代词指代主句,在从句中 作主语,且这个定语从句在句首,答案选 B 。8. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt b

25、een cleaned for a year.(全国 1990A. these B. those C. that D. which【析】本题后面部分为非限制性定语从句,空白处应填关系代词指代 ten windows 。同时又起连接作用,在从句中作介词 of 的宾语。 that 不能用于非 限制性定语从句,答案选 D 。【范例分析】1. They talked about the persons and things _ they remembered in the school.A. which B. who C. that D. whom【析】本句中的定语从句缺宾语,因此应选关系代词,其先行

26、词 the persons and things既指物,只有关系代词 that 为正确答案。2. The pretty house _ door is always locked belongs to a rich man.A. its B. of which C. where D. whose【析】 door 前缺限定词作定语, 应选 D , 若 door 前面有 the 可选 of which。 3. The police finally caught up with the man _ was the escaped prisoner. A. who they thought B. wh

27、om they thoughtC. they thought him D. that they thought him【析】 空白后面的定语从句缺关系代词作主语, 不要根据选项误认为缺宾 语, 此句的关键是 they thought为插入成分, 句子结构不受其影响, 应选 A 。 4. I will never forget the days _ we had a good time together at the sea. A. when B. which C. where D. who【析】本句定语从句修饰 the days,定语从句中主谓宾完整,因此此处应 表示时间,选 A 。5. So

28、me of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult. A. it B. this C. what D. which【析】本句为一个主从复合句,两个句子间无连接词,不能选 A 或 B ; 空白处中的词应既起连接作用,又起指代作用,应选 D 。6. Peter, _ I played tennis on Sundays, was fitter than I was.A. who B. with whom C. whom D. for whom【析】 本句的非限制性定语从句中, 所需关系代词指人, 但在定语从句中 并不缺主语

29、或宾语,所选关系代词前需加介词,根据谓语部分应为 I played tennis with,答案应选 B 。7. The buses, _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of them B. most of which C. little of which D. little of them 【析】 本句所包含的是定语从句, 因而不能选 A 或 D , 根据题意, 应选 B 。【能力迁移训练】1.DDBCC 6.BBBBA 10.DBDCB 16.CBBDD 21.BABBC 26.CDDDD1. I

30、 hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _ you may spend your weekend.A. which B. that C. when D. where2. Do you know the reason _ she got so angry yesterday?A. how B. for that C. which D. why3. I dont like the way _ you speak to her.A. which B. that C. in that D. why4. There is no dictiona

31、ry _ you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. there5. I still remember the day _ she first wore that pink dress.A. which B. in which C. on which D. at which6. That was the only gate by _ we could rush out and save those _ were in great danger.A. that,which B. which,who C. it, who D. whom

32、, that7. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him.A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which8. All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thing B. that C. what D. which9. The headmaster was satisfied with _ youve done.A. what all B. all that C. all what D.

33、that all10. Is this school _ we visited three years ago?A. the one B. which C. that D. where11. Finally, the thief handed in everything _ he had stolen from the shop. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that12. I live in the house _ windows face south.A. which B. whose C. where D. in which13. His parent

34、s wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of that B. whom C. of which D. whose14. This is the girl _ drawing has been highly praised.A. who B. her C. whose D. which15.You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me.A. what B. as C. why D. whatever16. Can you tell me the name of the fa

35、ctory _ you visited last week? A. what B. where C. / D. when17. She heard a terrible noise _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that18. Is this the restaurant _?A. which you work B. in which you workC. for which you work D. where you work in19. The book _ is not in the librar

36、y.A. that I need it B. I need itC. which I need it D. I need20. There was _ to prevent the accident.A. something could do B. anything we could doC. nothing we couldnt do D. nothing we could do21. That is one of those books that _ worht reading.A. is B. are C. he D. have22. This is the very book _ I

37、want to find.A. that B. which C. it D. with which23. This is the place _ we once visited ten years ago.A. where B. which C.who D. whom24. Id like to have a bike like _ my friend has got.A. one B. the one C. one that D. one what25. Where is the boy _ you spoke just now?A. who B. the one C. one that D

38、. one what26. There is a mountain _ the top is always covered with snow.A. of that B. of wich C. whose D. that27.Let students read such books _ will make them better and wiser. A. which B. that C. what D. as28. He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school.A. which

39、 B. who C. when D. that29.Ill show you a store _ you may buy all _ you need.A. that,that B. where,which C. which, that D. in which, that30. Is this museum _ some Americans visited last month?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one31.CCCDA 36.BBDDC 41.CABBB31. The old man had three sons, all of _died

40、 during World War II.A. which B. that C. whom D. whose32. The audience, most of _ were students, enjoyed the performance. A. them B. which C. whom D. they33. There are two thousand students in our school, twenty _ are from England.A. of them B. among those C. of whom D. in them34. He is absent, _ is

41、 often the case.A. what B. that C. who D. as35.David is tall, _ are my brothers.A. as B. that C. who D. what36. He was a foreigner, _ I knew from his accent.A. who B. that C. as D. what37. Beijing, _ is the capital of China, is a beautiful city.A. that B. it C. which D./38. He studied hard and later

42、 became a well-known writer, _ his father expected.A. that was what B. what was thatC. and which was D. which was what39.Mr Zhou, _ native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages.A. whose B. his C. which D. that40. I took my friend to the Summer Palace,_ we had some phot

43、os taken. A. where B. which C. that D./41. Marco Polo,_ was a great Italian traveller,travelled all the way to China, _ was then called Cathay.A. who, that B. that, which C. who, which D. which, that42. Fortunately we had a map, _ we would have got lost.A. without which B. without it C. with which D

44、. with it43. Yesterday we visited the Great Wall, _ I had never been before.A. in which B. to which C. at which D. on which44. There were a lot of people at the party, only _ I had met before.A. a few of them B. a few of whomC. few of them D. few of whom45. They gave us a lot of information, _ was u

45、seless.A. most of it B. most of whichC. most of whom D. most of that【综合运用创新】1.DCCCC 6.CCABD1. I never say such things _ you say.A. what B. which C. that D. as2. This is the paper _ I read every day and _ I find so interesting. A. /,/ B. which,/ C. /,which D. which.whose3. I will provide you with suc

46、h things you may need.A. that B. which C. as D. whose4. The old Olympic Games _ the modern games came began around the year 776 BC in Greece.A. in which B. in that C. from which D. which5. It was at the gate _ he told me the news.A. when B. which C. that D. what6. It was _ who respected their teache

47、rs.A. when B. which C. that D. what7. Our teacher did all _ he could to help them.A. what B. which C. that D. it8. The plane _ I came to London has flown 10,000 miles.A. in which B. by which C. where D. from which9. Mary is the only one of those ladies _ bridge well.A. who play B. who plays C. that

48、play D. which plays10. This is an awful films. Its _ one Ive ever seen.A. a worse B. a better C. the best D. the worst11.CABCA 16.BBDDC 21.AABCD 26.CCBBC 31.ACACB11. My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. that C. which D. whom12. _ has already been

49、pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A. As B. It C. That D. This13. The old man has two daughters, _ are nurses.A. two of whom B. both C. all of them D. all of whom14. His glasses, _ he was like a blind man, were missing.A. with which B. with it C. without which D. without it15. The rail

50、way tunnel,_ the train goes, will be completed soon.A. through which B. in which C. through it D. in it16. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. that/which B. when/which C. which/that D. when/who 17. Jacks beard makes him look

51、much older, _ he looks much nicer. A. without it B. without which C. with it D. with which18. The stories about the famous scientists,_ this is one example, are well written.A. in which B. about which C. on which D. of which19. We saw a new film at the cinema, _ we had supper at a restaurant. A. where B. when C. which D. after which20. The man came up to a lonely house, _ door was open, and _ it with great interest.A. which, to look into B. that, looking upC. whose, looked into D. of which, look at21. He is a man with rich experience