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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上植物学形态解剖名词:植物学(Botany)植物形态学(Plant morphology)植物解剖学(plant anatomy)原生质体(protoplast)细胞壁(cell wall)显微结构(microscopic structure)亚显微结构(submicroscopic structure)超微结构(ultramicroscopic structure)质体(Plastid)叶绿体(chloroplast)类囊体(thylakoid)基粒(granum)基粒间膜(基质片层,fret)基质(stroma或matrix)有色体(或称杂色体,chromoplas

2、t)白色体(leucoplast)造油体(elaioplast)前质体(proplastid)液泡(vacuole)液泡膜(tonoplast)细胞液(cell sap)纹孔(pit)胞间连丝(plasmodesmata)后含物(ergastic substance)淀粉粒(starch grain)淀粉体(amylop1ast)脐点(hilum)拟晶体(crystalloid)糊粉粒(aleuronegrain)糊粉层(aleurone layer)胞质分裂(Cytokinesis)成膜体(phragmoplast)细胞板(cellplate)微管周期(microtubule cycle)细

3、胞分化(cell differentiation)反分化(或脱分化dedifferentiation)组织(tissue)分生组织(meristematic tissue或meristem)顶端分生组织(apical meristem)侧生分生组织(lateral meristem)居间分生组织(intercalarymeristem)形成层(cambium)木栓形成层(cork cambium或phellogen)原分生组织(promeri-stem)初生分生组织(primary meristem)次生分生组织(secondary meristem)保护组织(protective tissu

4、e)薄壁组织(parenchyma)机械组织(mechanical tissue)输导组织(conducting tissue)分泌结构(secretory structure)表皮(epidermis)周皮(periderm)气孔(stoma)皮孔(lenticel)保卫细胞(guard cell)吸收组织(absorptive tissue)根毛(root hair)木栓(phellem或cork)栓内层(phelloderm)同化组织(assimilating tissue)储藏组织(storage tissue)储水组织(aqueous tissue)通气组织(aerenchyma)传

5、递细胞(transfer cell)厚角组织(collenchyma)厚壁组织(sclerencnyma)石细胞(sclereid或 stone cell)纤维(fiber)木质部(xylem)韧皮部(phloem)管胞(tracheid)导管分子(vesselelement或vesselmember)穿孔(perforation)导管(vessel)筛管分子(sieve-tube element或sieve-tube member)筛管(sieve tube)筛孔(sieve pore)筛孔(sieve pore)筛板(sieve plate)原生质联络索(connecting strand

6、)胼胝质(callose)筛域(sive area)伴胞(companioncell)胼胝体(callus)筛胞(sieve cell)腺表皮(glandular epidermis)腺毛(glandular hair)蜜腺(nectary)排水器(hydathode)吐水(guttation)水孔(waterPore)通水组织(epithem)分泌细胞(secretorycell)分泌腔(secretorycavity)分泌道(secretorycanal)乳汁管(laticifer)无节乳汁管(nonar-ticulatelaticifer)有节乳汁管(arti-culatelaticif

7、er)组织系统(tissue system)皮组织系统(dermal tissue system)维管组织系统(vascular tissue system)基本组织系统(fundamental tissue system或 groundtissue system)皮系统(dermal system)维管系统(vascular system)基本系统(fundamental system或ground system)种子(seed)胚(embryo)胚乳(endosperm)种皮(seed coat,testa)外胚乳(perisperm)胚根(radicle)胚芽(plumule)胚轴(hy

8、pocotyl)子叶(cotyledon)种脐(hilum)种阜(caruncle)种脊(raphe)有胚乳种子(albuminousseed)无胚乳种子(exalbuminous seed)胚芽鞘(coleoptile)胚根鞘(coleorhi- za)盾片(scutellum)外胚叶(epiblast)种子萌发(seed germination)子叶出土的幼苗(epigaeous seedling)子叶留土的幼苗(hypogaeous seedling)器官(organ)营养器官(vegetative organ)根(root)根系(root system)主根(main root)直根(

9、tap root)初生根(primaryroot)侧根(lateral root)次生根(secondaryroot)不定根(adventitiousroot)定根(normal root)种子根(seminal root)直根系(taprootsystem)须根系(fibrousrootsystem)原始细胞(initialcell)不活动中心(或称静止中心,quiescentcentre)根尖(roottip)根冠(root cap)分生区(meristematiczone)伸长区(elongationzone)成熟区(maturationzone)维管柱(vascular cylinde

10、r)皮层(cortex)切向分裂(弦向分裂,tangentialdivision)平周分裂(periclinalkivision)径向分裂(radialdivision)横向分裂(transversedivision)垂周分裂(anticlinaldivision)根毛区(roothairzone)初生生长(primary growth)初生组织(primary tissue)初生结构(primary structure)根被(velamen)外皮层(exodermis)内皮层(endodermis)凯氏带(Casparian strip)通道细胞(passage cell)中柱鞘(peric

11、ycle)髓(pith)初生木质部(primary xylem)初生韧皮部(primary phloem)外始式(exarch)原生木质部(protoxylem)后生木质部(metaxylem)木质部脊(xylem ridge)二原型(diarch)三原型(triarch)四原型(tetrarch)五原型(pentarch)六原型(hexarch)多原型(polyarch)原生韧皮部(protophloem)后生韧皮部(meta-phloem)根原基(root primordium)内起源(endogenousorigin)形成层环(cambium ring)木射线(xylemray)韧皮射线

12、(phloemray)维管射线(vascularray)木栓形成层(phellogen或cork cambium)栓内层(phelloderm)木栓(phellem或cork)周皮(periderm)共生(symbiosis)根瘤(root nodule)菌根(mycorrhiza)外生菌根(ectotrophic mycorrhiza)内生菌根(endotrophic mycorrhiza)内外生菌根(ectendotrophicmycorrhiza)茎(stem)节(node)节间(internode)枝或枝条(shoot)叶痕(leafscar)维管束痕(bundle scar,简称束痕

13、)芽鳞痕(bud scalescar)芽(bud)枝芽(branch bud)叶芽(leafbud)花芽(floralbud)叶原基(leaf primordium)腋芽原基(axillary bud primordium)侧枝原基(lateral branch primordium)枝原基(branchprimordium)芽轴(bud axis)定芽(normalbud)不定芽(adventitiousbud)顶芽(terminal bud)腋芽(axillary bud)侧芽(lateral bud)副芽(accessory bud)叶柄下芽(subpetiolar bud)裸芽(nak

14、edbud)被芽(protectedbud)鳞片(scale)芽鳞(bud scale)鳞芽(scalybud)混合芽(mixedbud)活动芽(activebud)休眠芽(dormant bud)潜伏芽(latent bud)直立茎(erect stem)缠绕茎(twining stem)攀援茎(climbing stem)匍匐茎(creeping stem)纤匍枝(runner)单轴分枝(monopodial branching)合轴分枝(sympodial branching)假二叉分枝(falsedichotomous branching)二叉分枝(dichotomousbranchi

15、ng)分蘖(tiller)原表皮(protoderm)基本分生组织(ground meristem)原形成层(procambium)生长点(growing point)生长锥(growing tip)茎端(stem apex)根端(root apex)枝端或苗端(shoot apex)茎尖(stemtip)根尖(root tip)组织原学说(histogen theory)表皮原(dermatogen)皮层原(periblem)中柱原(plerome)原套-原体学说(tunicacorpus theory)原套(tunica)原体(corpus)细胞学分区概念(concept of cytol

16、ogicalzonation)叶原座(leaf buttress)初生组织(primary tissue)初生结构(primary structure)通气组织(aerenchyma)淀粉鞘(starch sheath)无限维管束(open bundle)有限维管束(closed bundle)外韧维管束(collateral bundle)双韧维管束(bicollateral bundle)周韧维管束(amphicribral bundle)周木维管束(amphivasal bundle)同心维管束(concentric bundle)中柱(stele)原生中柱(protostele)管状中

17、柱(siphonostele)中央柱(centralcylinder)维管柱(vascularcylinder)内始式(endarch)环髓带(perimedullaryzone)髓腔(pith cavity)髓射线(pith ray)初生射线(primary ray)树脂道(resin canal)维管束鞘(bundle sheath)下皮(hypodermis)初生加厚分生组织(primary thickening meristem)束中形成层(fascicularcambium)。束间形成层(interfascicular cambium)形成层带(cambial zone)韧皮射线(p

18、hloem ray)维管射线(vascular ray)次生射线(secondary ray)初生射线(primary ray)侵入生长(intrusivegrowth或interpositional growth)早材(early wood)晚材(late wood)生长轮(growth ring)生长层(growth layer)年轮(annual ring)心材(heart wood)侵填体(tylosis)边材(sap wood)木材解剖学(xylotomy或woodanatomy)补充组织(complementary tissue)封闭层(closing layer)叶(leaf)光

19、合作用(photosynthesis)栅栏组织(palisade tissue)海绵组织(spongy tissue)蒸腾作用(transpiration)叶片(lamina或blade)叶柄(petiole)托叶(stipule)完全叶(complete leaf)不完全叶(incomplete leaf)无柄叶(sessil leaf)叶状柄(phyllode)盾形叶(peltateleaf)叶尖(leaf apex)叶基(leaf base)叶缘(leaf margin)叶鞘(leaf sheath)叶舌(ligulate)叶耳(auricle)叶枕(pulvinus)叶脉(vein)脉

20、序(venation)单叶(simple leaf)复叶(compoundleaf)叶轴(rachis)总叶柄(common petiole)小叶(leaflet)小叶柄(petiolule)羽状复叶(pinnately compound leaf)掌状复叶(palmately compound leaf)三出复叶(ternatelycompoundleaf)三出掌状复叶(ternate palmate leaf)三出羽状复叶(ternate pinnate leaf)奇数羽状复叶(odd-pinnately compound leaf)偶数羽状复叶(evenpinnately compoun

21、d leaf)一回羽状复叶(simple pinnate leaf)二回羽状复叶(bipinnate leaf)三回羽状复叶(tripinnateleaf)单身复叶(unifoliate compound leaf)叶序(phyllotaxy)互生(alternate)对生(opposite)轮生(whorled或verticillate)叶序周(cycle)开度(divergence)交互对生(decussate)。簇生叶序(fascicled phyllotaxy)叶镶嵌(leaf mosaic)异形叶性(heterophylly)叶肉(mesophyll)异面叶(dorsi-ventra

22、lleaf或bifacialleaf)等面叶(isobilateral leaf)复表皮(multiple pyidermis)副卫细胞(subsidiary cell)气孔器(stomatalapparatus)气孔复合体(stomatalcomplex)维管束鞘延伸(bundlesheathextension)泡状细胞(bulliform cell)运动细胞(motorcell)沉水叶(submerged leaf)阳地植物(sun plant)阴地植物(shadeplant)耐荫植物(tolerant plant)落叶树(deciduous tree)常绿树(evergreen tree

23、)离区(abscission zone)离层(abscission layer或分离层separationlayer)保护层(protectivelayer)叶迹(leaf trace)叶隙(leaf gap)枝迹(branch trace)枝隙(branch gap)根和茎的过渡区(也称转变区,transition region或 transition zone)肉质直根(fleshy tap root)额外形成层(supernumerarycambium或副形成层accessory cambium)块根(root tuber)支柱根(prop root)攀援根(climbing root)

24、呼吸根(respiratory root)寄生根(parasitic root)吸器(haustorium)半寄生植物(semiparasitic plant)地上茎(aerial stem)地下茎(subterraneous stem)茎刺(stemthorn)茎卷须(stem tendril)叶状茎(也称叶状枝,phylloid)小鳞茎(bulblet)小块茎(tubercle)根状茎(rhizoma)块茎(tuber)鳞茎(bulb)球茎(corm)茎刺(stem thorn)茎卷须(stem tendril)叶状茎(phylloid)肉质茎(fleshy stem)苞片(bract)鳞

25、叶(scale leaf)叶卷须(leaf tendril)叶刺(leaf thorn)叶状柄(phyllode)捕虫叶(inect catdning leaf)营养繁殖(vegetative propagation)孢子繁殖(或无性繁殖 asexual reproduction)有性生殖(sexual reproduction)孢子(spore)配子(gamete)花(flower)花柄(花梗,Pedicel)花托(Receptacle)花被(Periath)花萼(calyx)萼片(sepal)花冠(corlla)副萼(accessory calx)雄蕊群(Androecium)雄蕊(sta

26、men)花丝(faliment)花药(anther)花粉囊(pollen sac)药隔(connective)花粉粒(pollen grain)雌蕊群(Gynoecium)雌蕊(pistil)四强雄蕊(tetradynamous stamen)二强雄蕊(didynamous stamen)单体雄蕊(monodelphous stamen)二体雄蕊(diadephous stamen)多体雄蕊(polydephous stamen)聚药雄蕊(synatherous stamen)柱头 (Stigma)花柱(style)子房(ovary)心皮(Carpus)单雌蕊(simple pistil)离生

27、单雌蕊(apocarpous pistil)合生心皮雌蕊(syncarpous pistil)复雌蕊(compound pistil)子房壁(ovary wall)子房室(locule)胎座(placenta)边缘胎座(marginal placentation)侧膜胎座(parietal placentation)中轴胎座(axile placentation)特立中央胎座(free central placentation)子房上位(superior ovary)子房下位(inferior ovary)子房半下位(halp-inferior ovary)完全花(Flower)两性花(bis

28、exual flower)单性花(unisexual flower)雌花(pistillate flower)雄花(staminate flower)雌雄同株(monoecious)雌雄异株(dioecious)无性花(neutral flower)颖片(glume)外稃(lemma)内稃(pelea)浆片(lodicule)花程式(Floral formula)花图式(Floral diagram)花序(inflorescence)孢原细胞(archesp-orial cell)初生周缘层(primary parietal layer)初生造孢细胞(primary sporogenous c

29、ell)药室内壁(endothecium)中层(middle layer)绒毡层(tapetum)纤维层(fibrous layer)花粉母细胞(Pollen mothercell)花粉(pollen)营养细胞(vegetative cell)生殖细胞(generative cell)同时型(simultaneous type)连续型(successive type)外壁(exine)内壁(intine)孢粉学(Palynology)直生胚珠(Orthotropous ovule)倒生胚珠(Anatropous ovule)横生胚珠(Amphitropous ovule)弯生胚珠(Campul

30、itropous ovule)拳卷胚珠(Circinotropous ovule)合点(chalaza)珠心(nucellus)珠被(integument)外珠被(outer integument)内珠被(inner integument)珠孔(micropyle)珠柄(funiculus)胚囊母细胞(embryo-sac mother cell)胚囊(embryo-sac)丝状器(filiform apparatus)极核(polar nuclei)中央细胞(central cell)反足细胞(anitipodal cell)助细胞 (synergid)卵器(egg apparatus)卵细

31、胞(egg)开花 (Anthesis)传粉(Pollination)自花传粉(Self-pollination)异花传粉(cross pollination)闭花受精(cleistogamy)开花受精(chasmogamy)传粉(pollination)相互识别(recognition)亲和(compatible)风媒(anemophily)风媒花(anemophilous flower)虫媒(entomophily)虫媒花(entomophilous flower)水媒(hydrophily)鸟媒(ornithophily)受精作用(fertilization)花粉管(pollen tube)干柱头(dry stigma)湿柱头(wet s

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