高一春05UnitFour不定式与动名词

1、Unit Four Body LanguagePresentation 1 Word Show1. contact (vt.) 与联系I shall contact you by telephone on Friday. 我会在周五用电话和您联系的。(n.) 1)联系，联络be in contact with与联系 stay in contact with 保持联系be out of / lose contact with 失去联系 get/come into contact with 与联系make/have/avoid contact with 与有/避免联系2)接触This diseas

2、e is spread by contact between the animals. 这种疾病在动物间通过接触传播。拓展词汇：contact lens 隐形眼镜2. block 1）n. 街区 e. g. The supermarket is only two blocks away.2）v. 妨碍，阻塞 e. g. We cant go on any further because the snow has blocked the road.3. pull in/ into 1）(把车船) 开往Well pull into this lay-by and stop a few moment

3、s for a drink of coffee. 我们将把车开到路边停车带，并停一会，喝杯咖啡。2）火车开进站As the train pulled in there was a rush to get seats. 当火车开进站，人们都蜂拥抢座位。常考察的有关pull的词组拓展（完形填空高频考察词组）：(1) pull away 驶离 e. g. He jumped onto the train just as it was pulling away.(2) pull down 拆除 e. g. Many houses have been pulled down. (3) pull over

4、 靠边停靠 e. g. The policeman signaled him to pull over. (4) pull through 渡过难关 e. g. The doctor was not quite sure whether the patient could pull through tonight.4. lean vi. (1) lean forward 前倾 e. g. He leaned forward, lowering his voice. (2) lean against 倚靠 e. g. The man leaned against the wall and sta

5、red at me. (3) lean over 倾向 e. g. She leaned over and whispered to her neighbour. (4) lean on 依赖 e. g. He leaned on me for help. vt. lean . on . .使倾斜 e. g. He leaned the ladder on the wall and began to climb up.以上均是完形填空高频考察词组5. reach v. 抵达，达成，联系，伸出去（拿或够东西） e. g. We will reach Shanghai at 4 p. m. We

6、had hoped to reach an agreement at last meeting, but. . . Here is my phone number in case you want to reach me. Can you reach that book on the top of the shelf?常用词组：1）reach for 伸手去拿 e. g. The little boy reached for the apple on the shelf.2）reach out 伸出 e. g. I reached out my hand to touch the deer o

7、n the head.6. back v.（使）后退；（使推出），引证，证明 e. g. As he backed away, Leonardo checked him. He backed his car up ten feet and then make the turn.At the meeting John backed his argument with facts.7. communicate v.(1) communicate with 沟通 e. g. The worldwide system enables us to communicate instantly with a

8、nyone in any part of the world by using computers linked to telephone networks.(2) communicate. . to 传达 e. g. When the failure of the treaty was communicated to the White House, Secretary of State said the President would have no comment to make tonight. 词形变化：communicative adj. 健谈的，通讯的 communication

9、 n. 传达，信息，交通，通讯8. signal (l)n.信号 e. g. Even an express train can be held up by signals. (2)v. 给出信号 e. g. The policeman signaled the driver to make a left turn.9. arouse (vt.) 1)叫醒We aroused him from his deep sleep. 我们把他从熟睡中叫醒。2)引起arouse interest/ expectationYou arouse my curiosity. 你引起了我的好奇。3)唤醒We m

10、ust arouse them to fight for their own rights. 我们必须唤醒他们为了自己的权利而战。10. shift (l)vt.替换，转移，改变 e. g. You must shift your weight from the right to the left while you hit the ball.(2)vi.转换，移动，转变 e. g. He shifted impatiently in his seat.(3)n.转换，轮班 e. g. Peter is on the day shift and I am on the night shift.

11、11. exchange(l)v.交换，调换，兑换，交流，交易 exchange sth. with sb.与某人交换某物 exchange A for B 用A换B e. g. May I exchange seats with you? Now one dollar exchange for 7. 78 RMB. (2)n.交换，交易 e. g. He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake. He went to work in a Stock Exchange after graduation.12. reaction n.反应，反作用 e. g

12、. Her reaction was unlike that of other mothers who just lost their children. I am curious about her reaction to the accident. 原形动词：react v.对做出反应 e. g. John wondered how film critics and the general public would react to his films.13. display （1）n. 陈列，展出 e. g. There was also a great deal of machiner

13、y on display. There was a firework display in the evening. (2) v. 展出 e. g. It is one of the most popular treasures displayed in the Shanghai Museum.14.content(n.) （1）容纳的东西，书的目录（一般用contents形式）Show me the contents of your suitcase. 让我看一下你手提箱内装了些什么。table of contents (书的) 目录（2）作品的内容（和形式相对）I like the sty

14、le of the book but I dont like the content. 我喜欢这本书的风格，但我并不喜欢它的内容。(adj.) 满意I am not content with beautiful dreams: I want beautiful realities. 我并不满足于美丽的梦想，我想要的是美丽的现实。15. clue (n.) 线索We now have a clue to the time at which the murder took place. 关于谋杀案发生的时间我们现在有了一点线索。注意：cue表“暗示”。The fall in interest ra

15、tes may be a cue for an upturn in consumer spending. 利率的下降可能暗示消费的上升。16. as to 关于，说到As to the journey, we must decide about that later. 关于这趟旅行，我们必须稍后做出决定。注意：as for 和as to用法相似As for being shy, youll get over that. 关于你的害羞，你会克服的。17.posture (n.) (1) 姿态Shes got very good/ bad posture. 她姿态优美 / 她姿态不佳。(2) 态度

16、，立场The governments posture on this new trade agreement seems very unhelpful.政府对这个新的贸易协定持有的态度看来帮不了什么忙。18. appear (v.) (1) 出现If I dont appear by 7 oclock, I wont be coming at all. 如果我7点钟还不到，我就不会来了。(2) 似乎，好像There appeared to be only one room. 似乎只有一个房间。（appear跟不定式）He appeared quite well. 他看上去很健康。（appear

17、跟形容词）It appears to be a true story. 这个故事看上去是个真实的故事。（appear跟名词）It appears that the plane did not land at Rome. 看上去飞机没有在罗马着陆。（appear后跟that从句，一般用it做主语）词性变化：appearance (n.) (1) 出现My appearance at the party was not very welcome. 在聚会上我的出现不受欢迎。(2) 外貌She was a young woman of good appearance. 她是个拥有娇容的年轻女子。19

18、. All做主语时的用法All做主语指整体的概念，表示“一切事务”时，谓语动词用单数；如果指“所有的人”，谓语动词用复数。All has been tried. 一切都尝试过了。All are here now. 所有人现在都在这儿。20. honour (honor: 美语) (1)vt. 尊敬，给与荣誉 e. g. He was honoured by the local government. (2)n.尊敬，敬意，荣誉，光荣 e. g. She took little notice of the honours that were given to her. 词性变化：honourab

19、le adj. 可敬的，荣誉的，光荣的常用词组：in honour of 纪念，以的名义 e. g. A large number of students will be attending a farewell dinner in honour of the teacher next Wednesday. Presentation 2 Phrase Show后退Back off（完形）引起注意Arouse ones attention（翻译）交换眼色Exchange looks with（翻译）基于(be) based on（翻译）受欢迎Go done well（翻译）导致Lead to（完

20、形，翻译）缺乏Lack of（完形，翻译）低声In a low voice（完形，翻译）最糟糕的是To mention the worst（翻译，写作）清除障碍(be) clear of obstacles（翻译）继续前行Go ahead明确指出Put ones finger on（翻译，写作）某方面的专家An expert at/in/on（翻译，写作）Presentation 3 Text ShowEye contactLunch was now over, and I offered to drive James back to his hotel. He said he had wal

21、ked over to my place but politely accepted the lift. We drove the few blocks back to his hotel and pulled into the driveway. I got out, went quickly to his side of the car, opened the door, and started to lean forward with one hand reaching out. Then my eyes met his. Not a word was spoken, but the m

22、essage I got was clear, “Dont you dare try to help me out of this car!”I backed off. James got out and then gave me a big smile-his way of saying, “No harm done. All is well.”If we pay enough attention, well see our audience is often communicating with us without words. It is important to read these

23、 silent signals in ones eyes. If you introduce a subject that causes much movement in the audience, you know that you have aroused their attention. They are shifting in their seats or exchanging looks with their neighbours. The reaction from your audience should be your guide. When you continue your

24、 talk, you know that to drop, what to revise and what to add, all based on your reading of the eyes of the audience.If youve told a joke or story that hasnt gone down well, the audience may be telling you that they want to hear or what they dont want to hear. Such information can and should lead to

25、some change in the content, humour and style of what you still have to say.The most obvious display of an audiences silent communication is their lack of attention. Yawning, programme studying, chatting in very low voices or dozing, to mention the worst, are warnings. Through eye contact you will be

26、 the first to know if you have lost them. An immediate change of attitude is called for. No speaker is ever honoured for going down with the ship.Silent clues, however, may also communicate good news. Smiling, leaning forward, watching attentively-all tell you that the track is clear of obstacles; t

27、he signals are green-so go ahead.Additional Reading:Understanding body languageHave you ever met someone and found that you instantly liked them? You just couldnt put your finger on it as to why. Deep down inside yourself they gave you a strange feeling. Im not going to call myself a body language e

28、xpert, but I think I can hive you my advice on how to read the most complicated language of all: body language.YOUR MOVES SELL YOU OUT. So for starters, think about yourself. Have you ever stopped for a moment to watch the way that you move your body? Well, believe it or not, the people you are talk

29、ing to are watching your every move. They watch your eyes, your facial expressions, the way you hold your posture. In fact, the way you move can tell a lot about what kind of person you are or what kind of person you appear to be.WHAT CAN BODY LANGUAGE TELL? In most Western countries, making eye con

30、tact with anyone you talk to is very important. If you dont make eye contact, you might be judged as dishonest or even rude. Then theres posture. If your actions are very confident, you will appear to be confident to others. And, the rate that you speak can also tell others something. If you talk to

31、o fast, youre nervous, while too slow probably indicates that you are unsure of yourself, and that maybe you are shy.IM CONFUSED WITH “SPACE” IN CHINA. As a traveler, I have been confused time and time again with every place I visit. This is mainly because I misunderstood the body language of the pe

32、ople. In China, I have had many issues with the concept of “space.” As an American I need “personal space.” So, the first time I came to Shanghai I was constantly apologizing to strangers who I bumped into on the streets or even on the bus, but they just looked at me as if I were strange. Understand

33、ing body language is difficult, but its important to become aware of it, and I make an effort to understand it. So my advice, watch your own actions, for they can send a message to someone that you may not even know! And when in doubt, smile!Presentation 4 Review Grammar-不定式与动名词分类 功能动名词不定式作主语(1)置于句首

34、(2)用it作形式主语,常用于下列句式: Its +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing Its+形容词+doing There is no + doing (1)置于句首(2)用it作形式主语,常用于下列句式: It+be+名词+to do It takes sb + some time +to do It+be+形容词+for sb +to do It+be+形容词+of sb +to do It seems(appears)+形容词+to do作主语的区别不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起

35、;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动 作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起.如: Its no good eating too much fat. Its no good for you to eat so much fat. 动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如: Its no use your pretending that you didnt know the rules. 作宾语 动名词作动词宾语:admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish等. 动名词作介词的宾语：instead of, what about等 不

36、定式作动词宾语:agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose等 形式宾语it代替不定式:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式： find/make/feelit to do sth.作宾语注意事项 动词接不定式和动名词作宾语,意义不变:begin, hate, need, require等. 一般用不定式的情况: hate, would like/love advise, allow, encourage等后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大：forget, try, regret 等作表语 动名词表示抽象的一般行为. 动

37、名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换 不定式表示具体动作或将来动作; 当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果当主语是aim, duty, hope等为中心词,或以what引导的名词性分句,不定式说明主语的内容. 作定语说明一种性能、作用： a reading room不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后：sth. to eat作状语 作目的状语 作结果状语 作独立成分,用于句首,句中或句末动词接动名词和不定式的含义比较 forget/remember+doing 忘记/记得做过某事 forget/remember+to do忘记/记得去做某事Remember to close

38、the windows before you leave. I remember writing him a letter a year ago. mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. try to do 设法尽力做某事 try doing 试着做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings. Try working out the physics problem in

39、another way. stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语) stop doing 停止做某事 On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper. Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told. cant help doing 禁不住 cant help (to) do不能帮助干 They couldnt help jumping up at the news. Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I cant help to

40、 make up the room for you. go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事 go on doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续 He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势. Well go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world. regret doing 后悔做了某事regret to do 遗憾（要）做某事We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to att

41、end the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. Focus Practice1. The policeman rushed into the room only _ an old lady lying on the ground.A. found B. find C. finding D. to find2. To do a bit for the motherland, _.A. working hard is necessaryB. to learn a foreign language is needed

42、C. it is important to master scienceD. one should serve the people whole-heartedly3. I am busy now, so I cant help _ the machine.A. repair B. to have repaired C. repairing D. fixing4. He likes _, but he doesnt like _ today because it is too cold.A. to swim; to swim B. swimming; swimmingC. to swim; s

43、wimming D. swimming; to swim5. The novel is said _ into many languages.A. to translate B. being translatedC. to have been translated D. having been translated6. Im examining the composition he has just finished _ the possible mistakes in it.A. correcting B. to correct C. corrected D. correct7. They

44、would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A. to risk going B. risking to goC. for risk to go D. risk going8. He spent as much time as he could _ the child.A. teaching B. to teach C. teach D. for teaching9. Both the police and the family set out _ for the _ boy.A. searching; losing B. searching; lo

45、stC. to search; lost D. to search; missed10. What worried the boy most was _ to visit his father in the hospital.A. his not allowing B. his not being allowedC. having not been allowed D. his being not allowed11. I regret _ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A. informing B. hav

46、ing informedC. to have been informed D. to inform12. He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone _.A. noticing B. noticed C. to notice D. being noticed13. He spoke in such a high voice _ out in the street.A. as to be heard B. to be heard C. as to hear D. to hear14. Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to _ a mistake.A. make B. be making C. having made D. have made15. -Heres a new pair of shoes for you.-Thank you, b