非谓语动词的考查难点

1、非谓语动词 一.定义：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，即动词的非谓语形式。 二.分类：动词不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词的考查难点1.分词、不定式作宾补的区别：现在分词表进行，过去分分词、不定式作宾补的区别：现在分词表进行，过去分词表被动，不定式与感观动词搭配表已做。词表被动，不定式与感观动词搭配表已做。例：I heard him sing an English song just now.(唱了) I heard him singing an English when I passed by.(正唱) I heard an English song being sung

2、when I passed by. (正被唱)2.分词、不定式作定语的区别：现在分词表主动或进行，分词、不定式作定语的区别：现在分词表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成，不定式作后置定语，表将来或目过去分词表被动或完成，不定式作后置定语，表将来或目的。的。例：The questions being discussed now are important.(正被) The questions to be discussed tomorrow are important.(将被)3.动名词、不定式作宾语的区别：部分动词只用动名词做宾语动名词、不定式作宾语的区别：部分动词只用动名词做宾语(口诀略口诀略

3、)，部分动词用两者皆可，部分动词用两者皆可，forget, remember, regret, stop, go on, try, mean, cant help, need, require, want用两用两者的意义不同。者的意义不同。4. 分词、不定式作状语的区别：动词与逻辑主语是主动关系时分词、不定式作状语的区别：动词与逻辑主语是主动关系时用现在分词，是被动关系时用过去分词，不定式表目的、结果用现在分词，是被动关系时用过去分词，不定式表目的、结果或原因。或原因。例：Helen had to shout to make herself heard.(目的) Im glad to see

4、you.(原因) Taken good care of, the baby is happy and healthy.(被动) Having lived there for years, the old lady wouldnt move.（主动） 5.用用only to do不定式表示结果与预期不符。不定式表示结果与预期不符。 例：He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left. 6.不定式可修饰被序数词、最高级或不定式可修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的等限定的中心词。中心词。 例：The

5、last one to arrive paid the meal. 7.Its said that sb. do变形为变形为sb. be said to do 例：The Browns are said to go on vacation in Hawaii soon. 8.Its adj. (for sb.) to do sth.变形为变形为 sth. be adj. (for sb.) to do. （for sb.省略）省略） 例：This kind of fish is nice to eat. 9.不定式在不定式在there be句型中作定语，强调做事的人时用主动，句型中作定语，强调

6、做事的人时用主动，强调事物时用被动。强调事物时用被动。 例：There is a lot of work to do/to be done. 10.在下列句型中注意不定式的在下列句型中注意不定式的to的情况：的情况： We can do nothing but/other than wait. He had no choice but to wait. I dont know what to do. All we can do is to wait. 11.独立成分作状语，固定用法不考虑动词时态和语态，有独立成分作状语，固定用法不考虑动词时态和语态，有generally/frankly/hon

7、estlyspeaking, judging from/by, considering/ takinginto consideration, to tell you the truth, seeing, supposing, saving, assuming, admitting, given, provided (that), compared to/with等等。 12. 独立主格结构是自带逻辑主语的非谓语动词作的状语，独立主格结构是自带逻辑主语的非谓语动词作的状语，动词与逻辑主语是主动关系时用现在分词，表被动用过去动词与逻辑主语是主动关系时用现在分词，表被动用过去分词分词,表未做用不定式

8、。表未做用不定式。 例：Weather permitting, we will visit you this weekend. 13.It is/was no use/good doing sth.表做某事没用、没好处。表做某事没用、没好处。 例：例：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 14.分词作状语时的形式由其与逻辑主语的关系及与谓语动分词作状语时的形式由其与逻辑主语的关系及与谓语动词的时间顺序决定词的时间顺序决定。与主语关系与主语关系主动主动被动被动被动与谓语关系与谓语关系同时先于同时先于形式形式doinghaving donedonebeing donehaving been done 例：例：Seeing that she was sleepy, I asked to leave. Having been told to work overtime that day, I missed a film. 命题