必修3Module1Europe单元重难知识点总结

1、Unit 1. Europe一. 重点词汇及拓展 1. across prep.横过；穿过2face vt.面向；面对3mountain n山脉4project n计划；项目；工程5civilisation n文明6ancient adj.古代的7opposite prep.在对面8geographical adj.地理的 9. feature n特点10situate v使位于situated adj.坐落(某处的)situation n位置；处境11locate v位于的location n位置12govern vt.统治，治理government n政府13continental adj

2、.大陆的；大洲的content n大陆14agreement n协议，契约agree v同意disagreement(反义词)n.不同意 二. 重点短语 1. off the coast离海岸线不远的海上2be famous for因而著名be known as作为而闻名3ever since 自此，自从一直4in terms of依据；依照，在方面 5. have control over对加以控制6little by little逐渐地；一点儿点地7be faced with 面临8on the other hand另一方面 三. 重点句型1. France is Europes thir

3、d largest country.法国是欧洲的第三大国 2Italy is in the south of Europe.意大利在欧洲南部 3.twice as big as the population of the United States.是美国人口的两倍。 四. 语法 1.Passive voice：present and past forms(现在时和过去时的被动语态)2Subject and verb agreement(主谓一致)zxxkw 一. 重点词汇及拓展1face nC脸；相貌；表面；C面容；表情；C(物质的)表面；(建筑物的)正面vt.面临(困难等)，面对归纳拓展(

4、1)face to face面对面(作状语)face­to­face面对面(作定语)in (the) face of面临；在面前lose one's face失去面子 归纳拓展(2)face danger/difficulties面对危险/困难be faced with面临，面对例句：I was faced with a new problem.A new problem faced me.我面临着新的问题。France is Europes third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the

5、English channel.法国是欧洲第三大国，与英国隔海相望。【链接训练】Let's fix a time _ a _ interview.Ato；face­to­face Bfor；face­to­faceCto；face to face Dfor；face to face _ with such great difficulty，Jack felt at a loss _.AFacing；what to sayBFaced；what to sayCHaving faced；how to tellDBeing faced；how to s

6、peak 2range nC山脉，排；行；一系列；(变化等的)幅度；(知识等的)范围；区域；射程 v排列；将排成行；(在一定范围内)变动；变化归纳拓展(1)in/within range (of)在射程以内；在范围内beyond/out of range在射程以外，在范围外a wide range of interests兴趣广泛mountain range 山脉(2)range from.to.在范围内变化range.in rows把排成列 例句：The student has _.那个学生的兴趣广泛。The price of the house is _.这所房子的价格远远超出了我们能承受

7、的范围。The prices of the cars _.汽车的价格在5万美元和12万美元之间。 What's the cost of your shirts here，sir?It depends on which fashion you want to buy，and the prices _ from 100 dollars to 500 dollars.Aincrease Brange Crank Ddiffer3situated adj.坐落于(某处)的；位于(某处)的归纳拓展(1)be situated on/in/at.位于的，坐落在的；处于地位(境遇、状态)的be lo

8、cated at/in/on.位于的，处于位置注意：situated作形容词用时，多用于描述人或事物，意思是“处于境况”。be badly/well situated境况困难/良好(2)situate vt.使位于，使处于，坐落于situation n形势，境遇，情况；(建筑物等的)位置；立场，局势 例句：All the apartments are beautifully situated overlooking the beach.所有的公寓都环境优美，俯瞰海滨。Ski Apache _southern New Mexico.阿帕契滑雪场位于新墨西哥州南部。Having six child

9、ren and no income，I_.我有六个孩子却没有收入，生活十分困难。 【链接训练】London is a most beautiful city in Britain，_the River Thames.Alocated in Blied onCsituated on Dstood in 4opposite prep.在的对面(后面跟与位置相关的名词)adj.相反的，对面的adv.在对面；在对过n对立面；对立的人或物；反义词归纳拓展(1)be opposite to在对面；与相反just the opposite恰恰相反(2)opposition n反对；抵抗；反击in oppos

10、ition to反对(3)oppose vt.反对；使对立；抵抗be opposed to反对，对抗 例句：The building _ to the bank.那栋建筑物在银行的对面。Marthas not shy at all_ in fact.玛莎一点儿都不腼腆，事实上正好相反。 We are bitterly _the racial discrimination.我们强烈反对种族歧视。 【链接训练】There is a KFC _ the bookstore. Cross the street and you'll find it easily.Aon the contrary

11、 of Bopposite toCopposite from Din front of5sign n记号，符号；迹象；征兆；痕迹；姿势 v签(名)；做手势；做记号；签署(文件、协议书等)归纳拓展(1)sign language手势语make/give a sign to对做手势a sign of.的标志/迹象(2)sign in签到sign out签字离开sign sb. to do sth.打手势让某人做某事(3)signature n签名put ones signature on/to the contract在合同上签名 例句：A red sky at sunset_.日落时的晚霞是好天

12、气的征兆。The policeman signed the driver to stop.那警察做手势让那司机停下来。He _ on the painting which he had just finished.他在刚刚画好的画上签上了名字。 【链接训练】The president_the telecommunications reform bill into law yesterday.Awrote Bsigned Cput Dplaced6agreement n同意，一致；协定，协议归纳拓展(1)in agreement with符合；同意；和一致make an agreement wi

13、th与达成协议make/reach/come to/arrive at an agreement达成协议；取得一致意见(2)agree vi.&vt.同意，赞成的意见；与一致；承认，适合disagree vi.不一致，不适宜disagreement n意见不同；争执，不和，争论 例句：If our talks go on like this，we will never _.倘若我们的谈判照这样进行下去的话，是永远不会达成什么协议的。His opinion is _ mine.他的意见和我的一致。 【链接训练】He appears honest，why do so few people

14、believe in him?Because what he does is not always in_with what he says.Aagreement Bconflict Ctouch Drelation二. 重点短语1because of因为；由于归纳拓展(1)because of在句中一般用作状语，可置于句首或句末。(2)owing to意为“由于，因为”，在句中通常用作状语，可置于句首或句末。(3)due to意为“由于”，它引导的短语在句中一般用作表语或定语，但在很多场合，可与owing to通用，作状语。(4)on account of意为“因缘故，由于”，它引导的短语在

15、句中通常作状语，可置于句首或句末。 (5)as a result of意为“由于的结果”，一般用作状语。(6)thanks to是介词短语，含有“幸亏、多亏、由于、因为”等意思。它引导的短语在句中用作状语时，大多放在句首，但也可以置于句末。例句：The plane arrived late _ the snowstorm.飞机因暴风雪晚点了。All flights into London Heathrow have been delayed _ the thick fog.所有飞往伦敦希斯罗机场的航班均因大雾而延误。 _the publics generosity，weve been able

16、 to build two new schools in the area.多亏公众慷慨解囊，我们才得以在该地区建造了两所新学校。The accident was largely _ human error.这起事故主要出自人为的过错。【链接训练】He was late not only _ his illness but also _ he missed the train.Abecause；for Bbecause of；becauseCfor；because of Dbecause of；because of2in terms of用字眼；从的观点(角度)；从方面来说归纳拓展in the

17、 long/short term就长/短期而言keep/be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人交情好/不好be on equal terms关系平等例句：_ customers satisfaction，the policy can not be criticized.说到顾客的满意情况，这个政策无可挑剔。 The company's prospects look good _.公司的远景看好。 My sister and I are _ each other.我和我姐姐之间的关系很好。 Do you approve of the idea that succ

18、ess can be measured _ money alone?Ain case of Bin terms of Cin the opinion of Din favor ofI feel sure that_qualification，ability and experience，you are abundantly suited to the position we have in mind.Aon account of Bin spite of Cby means of Din terms of3on the other hand另一方面，反过来说归纳拓展at hand在手边，在附近

19、；即将到来，即将发生at first hand第一手地，直接地at second hand第二手的；间接的；旧的；用过的hand in hand手牵手，携手；共同地in hand在手边；进行中的；在掌握中on (the) one hand.；on the other (hand).一方面另一方面 例句：Father and mother wanted to go for a ride. The children，on the other hand，wanted to stay home and play with their friends.父母想骑车出去兜风，另一方面，孩子们却想在家与朋友一

20、起玩。On the one hand theyd love to have kids，but on the other，they dont want to give up their freedom.一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。She stayed there to experience village life_.她留在那儿亲身体验乡村生活。 【链接训练】I don't want to buy the dictionary._， it's too expensive；_I don't have enough money with m

21、e at present.ABecause；and BAt first；thenCOn one hand；on the other handDOn one hand；on other hand三. 重点句型1Their work has influenced other writers ever since. ever since自从一直；从那时起，一直到现在归纳拓展ever since自此，自从。表示以过去某一时间为起点持续到现在的某一动作或状态，常与完成时连用。与完成时连用的常见短语或词语有：by now到现在为止so far/up to now到目前为止 in the last/past

22、时间段在过去的内by the end of到为止recently/already近来/已经例句：Weve been friends _ we met at school.我们自从在学校见面至今，一直是朋友。I havent seen my MP3_.从那以后我再也没见过我的MP3。We haven't had any trouble_.迄今为止我们没碰上什么麻烦。 _ when has the country been open to international trade?1978，I suppose.ASince BIn CFrom DAfterHave you known Dr.

23、 Jackson for a long time?Yes，since she _ the Chinese Society.Ahas joined Bjoins Chad joined Djoined2Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. 归纳拓展表示“某物在哪个方向”可用south/west/north/east等，构成如下几种表达方式：(1).is in the south of在的南部(在内部).is on the south of在南边(接壤).is to the south of在以

24、南(在外部，不接壤)(2).is south of在南部(不指明在内部还是在外部)(3)借助there构成there be结构。 注意：把表示方位、地点的介词或副词短语放到句首，句子用倒装语序。例句：In the south/west/north/east of the city is the house.South/West/North/East of the city is the house. 例句：Guangdong is_.广东在中国的南部。Jiangsu is _.江苏在山东南面。 Mexico is_ the USA.墨西哥位于美国的南面。There is a river_ ou

25、r village.我们村庄北面有一条小河。East of our school lies a railway.我们学校东面有一条铁路。【链接训练】_ of the Pacific Ocean _ Canada.AThe east；lies BEast；liesCTo the east；does lie DOn the east；does lie四. 语法1现在时与过去时的被动语态(1)一般现在时的被动语态构成形式：am/is/arep.p.(过去分词)例句：Rice is grown in the south of the state. (2)一般过去时的被动语态构成形式：was/werep

26、.p.(过去分词)例句：The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (3)被动语态的用法不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。例句：The bridge was built last year. He was elected chairman. 当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导，置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。例句：The tiger was killed by him. 当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。例句：The window was blown open by wind. 表示客观

27、的说明，常用“It is过去分词”句型。例句：It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 【链接训练】The number of deaths from traffic accidents will be reduced greatly if people _ to obey the rules.Apersuade Bwill persuadeCbe persuaded Dare persuaded It is said that the pen _，so I bought one yesterday.Awrites well Bwrites goodCis w

28、ell written Dis good written Officials say that few patients _ with the virus owing to the effective prevention.Ainfected Bare infectedChave infected Dbe infectedThe flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time.Asold Bhad been sold Cwere sold Dwould sell Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles acro

29、ss this open sea，which _ the Pacific，and we met no storms.Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called2主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语必须保持人称和数的变化的一致，即句中谓语的变化形式要根据句子主语的人称和数的形式决定。(1)有些集体名词，如crowd，family，team，orchestra (管弦乐队)，group，government，committee，class，school，union，firm，staff，public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据

30、语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。 例句：His family is going to move. His family are very well. (2)有些表示总称意义的名词，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式，如people，police，militia，cattle，poultry (家禽)等。例句：It was common that cattle were allowed to graze on the village. (3)单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形

31、式。复数主语，用and或both.and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例句：Serving the people is my great happiness. Both you and I are students. 注意：(1)在what引导的主语从句中，如果表语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。例句：What mother bought are some books. (2)修饰语对主语的数没有影响。例句：The performance of the first three clowns was very funny. (3)and所连接的两个词如指

32、同一主体时，谓语则用单数形式，否则，谓语用复数。例句：A singer and dancer was present at the party today. (4)有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是复数，谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either，neither，each one，the other，another，somebody，someone，something，anyone，anything，anybody，everyone，everything，everybody，no one，nothing，nobody等。例句：Neither likes th

33、e friends of the other. Everything around us is matter. (5)none接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词为单数；接可数名词复数时，谓语单复数均可。例句：None of us seem/seems worried. (6)两个主语用or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.连接起来，谓语与靠近的主语的数一致。例句：You or I am wrong. (7)在There be.句型中，如果有两个以上的并列主语，谓语往往与第一个主语一致。例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk. Ther