M3U1Grammar（课堂PPT）

1、Unit 1 Grammar and usageNoun clauses2名词性从句充当名词性从句充当_, 为为_从句。从句。e.g. Why they have not left yet is not clear so far.主语主语主语主语3 可以使用可以使用_ 充当充当形式主语形式主语。e.g. It was good news that everyone got back safely.it4 2.名词性从句可以充当名词性从句可以充当_，_ 后的后的宾语宾语, 为为_从句。从句。 Im interested in who that tall man is.动词动词介词介词宾语宾语 可

2、以使用可以使用_ 充当充当形式宾语形式宾语。We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.it53.名词性从句充当名词性从句充当_, 为为_从句。从句。My question is whether Polly can find her way home.The problem is how Polly is going to find us in the crow.表语表语表语表语64. 名词性从句可以充当名词性从句可以充当_, 为为_从句。从句。The news that he couldnt come made us u

3、pset.Whatever gave you the idea that I can sing?同位语同位语同位语同位语7 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause一.分类名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词His job is important.What he does is important.主主语语 This is his job.This is what he

4、does.表表语语I dont like his job.I dont like what he does.宾宾语语I know about Mr.White, a teacher.I know about the fact that Mr.White is a teacher.同同位位语语101 The truth is that its too foggy for the bus to run that far.2 I wonder if/whether thats a good idea.3The conductor has made it clear that no buses wil

5、l be running.4She had a feeling that she was being watched.5 That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy. 宾语从句宾语从句 同位语从句语从句 主语从句语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句语从句同位语从句同位语从句1.同位语从句的格式同位语从句的格式:抽象抽象n.+ 连接词连接词 + 从句从句2.抽象名词有：抽象名词有：fact、idea, news, information, feeling, thought,belief, suggestion, advice

6、等等3.连接词通常是连接词通常是that, 也可用也可用whether, what, when, where 等。等。1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win.that/ whet

7、her / where/ howwherehowthatthatwhetherPractice：1. We expressed the hope （that ）they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.不同点：不同点：1)定语定语从句中，从句中，that在从句中在从句中充当充当成分成分。2)同位语同位语从句中，从句中，that在从句中在从句中不不充当成分充当成分， 不可省略。不可省略。定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别:14

8、 宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句的时态呼应 如果主句时态是如果主句时态是现在时或将来时现在时或将来时, 从从 句可根据句意需要选用任一种时态。句可根据句意需要选用任一种时态。a. 他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。 He believes _ _ . (that) his dream will come true one day.15b,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _ .C,校长告诉我们，有志者事竟成。校长告诉我们，有志者事竟成。The headmaster told us _. (that )he was prepa

9、ring for the exam(that) where there is a will there is a way16b. 请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。 Please tell me_ _. what you were doing at this time yesterday2. 如果主句谓语是如果主句谓语是过去时过去时, 从句谓语动从句谓语动 词一般用词一般用过去的过去的某种时态某种时态, 但从句表但从句表 达的是达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律客观事实、真理、自然规律等等 时，从句谓语通常用时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时一般现在时。17老师告诉我们光是

10、沿直线运行的。老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher told us _ light travels in a straight line.真理真理三、名词性从句连接词的选用三、名词性从句连接词的选用 名词性从句的引导词分为三类：名词性从句的引导词分为三类：从属从属连词连词that if whether if whether 只起只起_作用，作用，_作句作句子中的任何成分。子中的任何成分。连接连接代词代词what(ever) (ever) who(ever) who(ever) whom(ever) whom(ever) whose(ever) whose(ever) which

11、(ever)which(ever)既起连接作用，本身又作既起连接作用，本身又作从句的从句的_、_、_或或_。连接连接副词副词when(ever) (ever) where(ever) why where(ever) why how(ever) how many how(ever) how many how muchhow much既起连接作用，本身又做既起连接作用，本身又做从句的从句的 。连接连接主主表表定定状语状语宾宾不不19由疑问词引导的名词性从句，由疑问词引导的名词性从句，从句用陈述句语序。从句用陈述句语序。下面的哪个句子是正确的？下面的哪个句子是正确的？Southerners find

12、 it difficult to understand what northerners are saying.（ ）陈述语序陈述语序Southerners find it difficult to understand what are northerners saying.（ ） （）（）20（1）that 和和what 的选用的选用what起连接作用，还在从句中充当成分，起连接作用，还在从句中充当成分，可做从句的可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语主语、宾语、或表语。而而that在从句中在从句中不不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。充当任何成分，只起连接作用。that / what1The resul

13、t is_ we won the game.2.This is _ we want to know.3.Is _ he told us true ?4.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.5. I have no doubt _ he will come.6. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.7._ he wants is a book.8. _ he wants to go there is obvious.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat（2）if

14、 和和whether 的选用的选用只用只用whether,不用不用if 的情况：的情况：1)主语从句主语从句2). 表语从句表语从句3). 同位语从句同位语从句4). 介词后介词后5). whether to do ,不用不用if to do.6) 与与or not或或or连用，不用连用，不用if.if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is saf

15、e.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.if / whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_

16、 we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.Whenwhowhatwhere（4）引导词）引导词that 的省略的省略1.that 可省略可省略的情况：的情况：1)单个宾语从句的单个宾语从句的that

17、,2)并列宾语从句的并列宾语从句的第一个第一个that可省可省。其它都不可省其它都不可省2.that不可省略：不可省略：1)主语从句，主语从句，2)表语从句表语从句,3)同位语从句同位语从句4)it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句5) 并列宾语从句的后几个从句的并列宾语从句的后几个从句的that 不能省不能省that/ (that)1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless .4.The news _ our tea

18、m won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that 名词名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气语气,结构为结构为 should + do, should 可省略

19、可省略 He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.Practice time291. It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2. It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how303. It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is t

20、hink that D. is thought that4. It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what315. This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what6. The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when327. The question is _ it is worth doing. A. i

21、f B. whether C. which D. what8. The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what339. My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where10. His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the moun

22、tain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built3411. My advice is that he _ regular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept _ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who3513. We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B.

23、which C. what D. whether14. We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where3615. The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if16. You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where17. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. (湖南湖南2012)A. which B. thatC. what D. whether18. One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. (上海上海2013)A. how B. whyC. that D. when 19. A warm t