光伏系统论文：光伏电站的远程监控系统设计

1、光伏系统论文：光伏电站的远程监控系统设计【中文摘要】全球能源危机的出现促使世界各国开始积极发展以太阳能为主的可再生能源。近年来,各国加大了对太阳能研究的投入,使太阳能光伏发电技术得到了广泛应用和飞速发展。1983年世界光伏组件产量达21.3MW,主要是晶体硅太阳能电池,光伏产业显露雏形。进入1990年后,在能源微机和全球气候变暖的压力下,可再生能源更加受到关注,全球太阳能光伏产业高速成长。到2004年世界太阳能电池年产量已经超过了1200MW。目前,全世界的太阳能光伏系统装机容量已达15GW,预计2011年装机容量将大幅增长42.2%,达到20.2GW。同时新技术的出现使得太阳能电池的生产成本

2、大幅下降,从上世界五十年代1785美元瓦,降低到现在2-3美元瓦。目前太阳能光伏产业还在继续蓬勃向前发展。光伏电站大量建设之后的管理问题日趋突显。一方面,光伏电站一般都是在无人职守的情况下运行；另一方面,同一地区的光伏电站建设比较分散,因此需要大量的人力和物力来实现对光伏电站的监测和维护。如果将远程监控技术融入到光伏电站的管理中,可以将地域上广泛的、分散的太阳能光伏系统联系起来,实现集中式的监控和维护。因此,研究光伏电站中的远程监控技术具有十分重要的意义。本文首先介绍了太阳能光伏发电的意义,并从技术、市场和应用方面阐述了国内外光伏产业的发展现状,介绍了光伏发电系统的构成,并对各部分的功能和原理

3、进行了详细阐述,并在此基础上对远程监控技术在光伏发电系统中常见的几种应用方式进行了总结和论述。同时,还介绍了远程监控技术的发展和应用。接下来,重点阐述了光伏发电系统的构成以及远程监控技术在光伏发电系统中的应用,并在此基础上,提出了一个基于485总线的远程监控系统设计方案,然后分别从硬件设计和软件设计两个方面进行了详细阐述,对远程监控系统中所使用的远程监控技术进行了深入调查和研究,在附录部分给出了部分参考程序。最后,对整个监控系统的设计工作进行了总结,对后续的系统进一步完善进行了展望：1)在当前的系统架构中,还没有涉及到对太阳光辐照度的采集,所以还需要进一步研究太阳光辐照度的采集方法或者说与采集

4、相关的仪器设备的使用方法,并在此基础上进一步完善系统架构。2)完善上位机通信软件的功能,包括增加对下位机的远程控制命令、增加对历史数据的统计分析功能(包括月发电量、年发电量的统计和图形化显示等)、增加历史数据的备份功能、增加错误处理等功能,争取让上位机软件功能更加完善,使用起来更加灵活方便,同时还要有更高的可靠性。3)随着光伏电站的大量建设和应用,对同一地区分散的光伏电站进行集中监控已经成为当前研究的热点,希望在完成好以上两个工作的基础上对分散光伏电站的集中监控和管理做更加深入的研究,为后面软硬件的进一步完善提供理论支持。【英文摘要】The emergence of global energy

5、 crisis prompted countries start to development renewable energy actively. Countries increase investment in the solar research in recent years and it make solar photovoltaic power generation technology has been widely applied and rapidly development.1983 world photovoltaic module production of21.3 M

6、W, mainly crystalline silicon solar battery, pv industry expose prototypes. In 1990, the energy into the computer and global warming, under pressure from renewable energy more attention, the global solar pv industry high-speed growth. To the 2004 world solar battery has already surpassed the 1200MW

7、production. Meanwhile new technique appears to make solar cells from production cost greatly decreased, the worlds 1950s 1785 dollars/tile, reduced to now 2-3 dollars/watts.Nowadays, the total installation capacity of the PV systems in the world has gone beyond 15GW. It is predicted that the growth

8、rate will reach 42.2% and the installation capacity will transcend 20.2 GW in 2011.There are a lot of manage work that we have to do after so many PV systems established. On the one hand, the PV systems are designed to run without being supervised by the people; on the other hand, the PV systems alw

9、ays be established in the remote area, so it is very hard and difficult task to monitor and maintain them. If we can use the remote monitor and control technology in the PV system management, then the separated and widely distributed PV systems could be connected and real-time supervised. Therefore,

10、 it is very important to do some studying on the application of the remote monitor and control technology in PV systems.At the beginning of this paper, the significance of the photovoltaic and the present status of the PV industry at home and abroad are briefly introduced, as well as the development

11、 and application of the remote monitor and control technology. Then, the composition of the PV system and the application of the remote monitor and control technology in the PV system are expanded. At the same time, paper puts forward a remote monitoring system design of PV system, and in which the

12、485 bus will be used. The remote monitoring system is expatiated from two aspects, the hardware design and software design. In appendix part we give some reference programs. Finally, the designing work of the whole monitoring system was summarized and some further word was discussed:1) In the curren

13、t system architecture, not to mention the acquisition of sunlight irradiation degrees, so will require further study of irradiance sunlight or acquisition method with acquisition related equipment use method, and on this basis to further improve the system architecture.2) Perfect PC communications s

14、oftware, including the increased the function of the lower level computer remote control command, increase the statistical analysis of historical data on functions, including the annual generation capacity, statistical and graphically, etc.), increase historical data backup function, increase error

15、handling, and other functions, strive for PC software functions to be more perfect, use rise more agile and convenient, but also have higher reliability.3) With plenty of photovoltaic power station, construction and application to the same region were scattered photovoltaic power station centralized

16、 monitoring has become the hot current research, and hope in the finish on the basis of above two work to disperse photovoltaic power station centralized monitoring and management of more in-depth research, behind the further improvement of hardware and software to provide theoretical support.【关键词】光

17、伏系统 远程监控 485总线 数据采集【英文关键词】PV system monitor control 485 buses data acquisition【目录】光伏电站的远程监控系统设计中文摘要8-10ABSTRACT10-11第一章 绪论12-211.1 太阳能开发利用的背景和意义12-131.2 太阳能光伏产业的发展历史与现状13-161.2.1 太阳能光伏产业的发展历史13-141.2.2 太阳能光伏产业的发展现状14-161.2.2.1 国外太阳能光伏产业的发展现状14-151.2.2.2 我国太阳能光伏产业的发展现状15-161.3 远程监控技术的发展及研究现状16-201.3.

18、1 远程监控技术的发展16-171.3.2 远程监控技术的研究现状17-201.3.2.1 有线远程监控系统17-191.3.2.2 无线远程监控系统19-201.4 论文的主要内容及章节安排20-21第二章 远程监控技术在太阳能光伏发电系统中的应用21-292.1 太阳能光伏发电系统21-262.1.1 光伏发电的原理21-222.1.2 光伏发电系统的组成22-262.1.2.1 光伏电池阵列23-242.1.2.2 太阳能控制器24-252.1.2.3 蓄电池组252.1.2.4 DC/DC转换器252.1.2.5 DC/AC逆变器25-262.1.3 光伏发电系统的分类及应用262.2 远程监控技术在光伏发电系统中的应用26-282.3 光伏电站实现远程监控的重要意义28-29第三章 远程监控系统的硬件设计29-503.1 系统总体架构29-303.2 单片机STC89C5230-323.3 温度传感器(DS18B20)32-413.3.1 DS18B20简介32-343.3.2 DS18B20工作原理34-373.3.3 DS18B20工作流程及时序37-403.3.4 论文中DS18B20的连接原理图及其驱动程序40-413.4 基尔霍夫电压电流传感器41-433.4.1 闭环霍尔电流传感器测量电流41-423.4.2 闭环霍尔电压传感器测量电压42-4