表语从句详解

1、表语从句详解一、概念表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句放在系动词之后，一般结构是主语+系动词+表语从句可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等.可以接表语从句的系动词有：1. be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were）2. feel , seem , look, appear ,so und, taste , smell3. sta nd , lie , rema in ,keep, stay4. become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall5. prove, turn outThe

2、 trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺 .That is why stone walls are used in stead of fences around New En gla nd fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因.At that time, it seemed as if I could n't think of the right word an yhow. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来引导表语从句的词：从属连词 that、whether、as though、 as if （Th

3、at引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略.）关系代词 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等；关系副词 when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever 等.由从属连词 that, whether弓丨导的表语从句 .that在引导表语从句时无词义，而 whether有词义，意为、是否这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question（问题）,trouble（麻烦）,problem（问题）,result（结果）,chanee（可能性）,su

4、ggestion（建议）,idea（想法）,reason（理由）等.表语从句对 主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化.例如：The trouble is （that） she has lost his money.麻烦的事是他丢了钱 .The questi on is whether we n eed more ice cream .问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋.The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use .问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了What she couldn ' t understand was t

5、hat fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson我们不能理解越来越少的学 生对他的课不感兴趣.由关系代词引导的表语从句.关系代词 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略.例如：The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去.The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作

6、.That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事 .That's what we should do.那是我们应该做的.由关系副词引导的表语从句.关系副词 when, where, how, why除在句子起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间，地点，方式或原因状语，本身具有词义.例如：Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.去把雨衣拿来.就在你原来放的地方.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thatwhy I got wet't

7、hrough.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. 那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的.That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的.由连词 because, as if/as though 等引导的表语从句It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事 It seems as if he did

8、n' t know th好Oh他w不知道答案 .A. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B. 不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句（as if例外）.引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether位于介词后要用 whether位于句首时要用 whether.引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether.False: The questi on is if the

9、en emy is march ing towards us.Right: The questi on is whether the en emy is march ing towards us.Right: It looked as if he had un derstood this questio n.C. 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yester

10、day.D. that在表语从句中不可以省掉.基本用法表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词.名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西.（how在表语从句中充当方式状语）The scissors are not what I need.这把剪刀不是我所需要的.（what在表语从句中充当宾语 ）What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本.（w

11、hat在主语从句中作直接宾语that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的.（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语）That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及格的原因 .（why在表语从句中充当原因状语 ）What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本 .（what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不

12、能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的.（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语）That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及格的原因.（why在表语从句中充当原因状语）That is why.是常用句型，意为这就是”的原因/因此”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，又如：That is why you see this old woman before you know，Jeanne.珍妮，这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因.（前文提到

13、Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括）.That is why I came.这就是我来的原因.下面是两个与That is why.形式相似的结构，它们与That is why.结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：（1）That is why.与 That is the reason why.同义，只不过从语法结构上讲 ，That is the reason why.中 why 引导的是一个定 语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与That is why.结构一样，例如：That is （the reason） why I cannot

14、agree.这就是我不能同意的理由.（2）That is because.句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为这就是为什么,，/因为” .That is because.与That is why.之间的不同在于 That is because.指原因或理由，That is why.则指由于各种原因 所造成的后果，例如：He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. 昨天晚上他没有去看电影 那是因

15、为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业.（第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因）He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果）表语从句与宾语从句的关系宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句.其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同.故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句.宾语从句（1）对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点 语序：从句的语序必须是陈述句语序，即主语+谓语这种形式. 时态：当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以是任何时态，而当主句是

16、一般过去时的时候，从句，从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态，即（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）. 连接词：当从句意思完整，主句意思肯定时，连接词用that,且可以省去，当从句意思完整，主句意思不确定或含否定含 意时，常用if或whether（是否）,当从句意思不完整时，连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面.表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同也是名词性从句的一种.如： What the police want to know is when you entered red the room 警察想知道的是你什么时

17、候进的房间The trouble is that we are short of fun ds 困难是我们缺乏资金 .This is what we should do 这是我们应当做的.注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序.as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句.She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事.It is because you eat too much 是因为你吃得太多了单项选择1. The questi on iswe will have our sports meet n

18、 ext week. A. thatB. ifC. whe nD. whether2. The reason why he failed is3. Go and get your coat. Ithe was too careless. A. becauseyoAfhereB. thereB. thatC. forD. because ofC. there whereD. where there4. The problem isto take the place of TedA. who can we getB. what we can get C. who we can get5. What

19、 I want to know is he likes the gift give n by us.I missed the bus. A. that6. The reas on is7. That iswe were late last time. A. thatA. thatB. whe nB. whe nshe were ten years youn ger.A. that B. like9. I fell sick!-I think it isyou are doing too much.t come is8. She lookedA. whyD. that we can getB.

20、ifC. whetherD.不填C. whyC. whyD. whatD. whatD. as thoughB. whe nC. whatC. asD. because10. The reas on why he has n A. because his mother is illB. because of his mother's being illC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is12.That isLu Xun once lived.he likes the

21、 place so much.A. whatB. whereA. that B. whatD. howC. whyC. thatD. why13. your father wants to know isgetting on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. That; how you are C. How ; that you areD. What; how you are14. The trouble iswe are short of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why that15. America

22、waswas first called In dia by Columbus.A. what B. whereC. the place D. there where16. Chi na is beco ming stron ger and stron ger. It is no longer.A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be17. he really means ishe disagrees with us.A. What t

23、hat B. That what C. What whatD. That what18. The en ergy ismakes the cells able to do their work. A. that B. which C. what D. such19 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is thatyou had a few days off ?A. whyB .whatC. whe nD. where20had n either a rain coat nor an umbrella I got wet through.

24、A. It ' s the reason That ' s whC. There ' s whyD. It ' s how21. See the flags on top of the buildi ng? That waswe did this morning.A. whe nB. which C. where D. what22. - Are you still thinking about yesterday-Ohs glaate'? s.A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited

25、 aboutC. how I feel about itD. whe n I feel excited23. What surprised me was not what he said buthe said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. i n the way D. the way which句子翻译1. 这就是我想做的 2. 这房子正是他最需要的东西.3. 这就是Henry怎样解决问题的 4. 问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务 5. 今天讨论的话题是未来的学校会是怎样的 6. 他迟到的原因是交通拥堵 .7. 事实是他对我撒谎了.8. You are s

26、ayi ng that every one should be equal, and this is. (disagree)你一直说每个人应该是平等的江这就是我不同意之处.9. Your coat is still. (where) 你的外套仍然在你放的地方.10.I had n either a rain coat nor an umbrella. That isthrough. (get) 我既没有雨衣江也没有雨伞.这就是为什么我全身被淋湿的原因.11. It soundsthe door.(as if) 听起来好像某人正在敲门.12. It seemsinterested in Henr

27、y. (become)好像伦敦所有人都变得对亨瑞感兴趣13. The last time we had great fun wasthe Water Park.(visit)上一次我们玩得很开心的时候是我们正在参观水族公园的时候that/what的区别1. your father wants to know isgetting on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. That ; how you are C. How ; that you are D. What; how you are2. The trouble iswe are short

28、of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why that3. America waswas first called In dia by Columbus. A. what B. where C. the place D. there where4. China is beco ming stron ger and stron ger. It is no longer.A. what it used to beB. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used to

29、be5. he really means ishe disagrees with us.A. What thatB. That what C. What whatD. That what6. The en ergy ismakes the cells able to do their work. A. that B. which C. what D. such系动词分类：一、 根据系动词后所跟结构，我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语的动词，如be, seem） 和半系动词（其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如look）例如：1）He looked

30、 sadly at the boy.（看着，实义动词用法 ） He looks a clever boy .（看起来，系动词用法）2）He looks at a clever boy.（看着，实义动词用法）在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法二、根据系动词的意义，我们把英语系动词分为四类：A .五大感官系动词B.状态系动词 C .动态系动词 D .双谓语系动词 A.五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质.由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词1. look看起来像是，后接 adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等The girl bit her lips and looked

31、thoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思2. smelI闻起来，后接 adj.分词.The flowers smell sweet.这些花气味真香.3. sou nd听起来，后接分词.The music sou nds sweet .这首诗听起来真悦耳 .4. taste尝起来，后接 分词.The apples taste very good.这些苹果很好吃.5. Feel摸起来，给感觉；觉得，后接 adj./p.p.You will feel better after a night ' s sleep.睡上一晚，你会觉得好些.B .状态系动词：1. be,是，属完全系

32、动词.I am a student.我是一个学生.2. seem似乎，好像，完全系动词.They seem quite happy.他们似乎很快乐.3. 即pear,显得，看起来好像，半系动词.It appeared（to be）a true story.看来这是一个真实的故事.4. keep,保持的状态，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语.You' d better go to bed and keep warm.你最好躺在床上去暖和一下.5. remain,仍是，半系动词.I remained silent.我仍然缄默.6. stay保持（某种状态），半系动词，后接 adj.、过去分词

33、.The window stayed open all the night.7. prove证明是，半系动词，后接adj.n.The treatme nt proved to be successful.这种疗法证明是成功的.C .动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程1. get变成，变得起来，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语The days are gett ing Ion ger and Ion ger. 白天变得越来越长了 .2. fall进入（某种状态），成为，后常接以下形容词：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.The old me n,

34、un able to express himself, fell sile nt. 那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了My father fell ill and died.我的父亲生病死了 . 3. grow渐渐变得起来，长得It' s growing warm. 天气渐渐暖和起来了 .4. turn转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）.Maple trees turn red in autum n. 枫叶在秋天变红了 .It was cloudy this morning, but fortun ately it has turned fine.今天早上是阴天，幸

35、好已经转晴了.5. go,变成（某种坏的状态）The telephone has gone dead.电话不通了 .The material has go ne a funny colour.这料子的颜色变得奇怪了.go 之后常接的 adj.还有：bad, bli nd, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hun gry, mad, red, with, an ger, white, pale, blue, grey.6. become变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）I became interested in drawing. 我开始对素描感兴趣了. He became angr

36、y with me.他对我生气了 .They became good friends.他们成了好朋友 .7. come，变成为（已知的状态），证实为，后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化His wish to become a pilot has come true.他想当飞行员的愿望实现了If you look into the matter, everythi ng will come clear.如果你调查一下这事，一切都会清楚后面常接的形容词还有：apart, dear （昂贵），natural, open, short, right （好了），unstuck

37、 （没有粘住），untied （松开）.8 run,变成，后接 adj. The price ran high. 价格上升了 .9. make，达到某种状态后接形容词，女口 sure, certain, merry, bold, freeWe must make certa in of facts.我们一定要弄清事实 .D 双谓语系动词 此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义例如：The run rose red.太阳升起红艳艳.She stopped and stood quite still.她停下来然后一丝不动地站着.The snow lay thick on

38、the ground.雪厚厚地堆积在地上.He married you ng.他结婚很早.Lei Fe ng died you ng.雷锋早逝.He contin ued sile nt.他继续沉默不语.系动词单项选择题 The story sounds(MET 89) A. to be true B. as true C. bei ng true D. true Those oran ges taste(MET 91) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well -Are you feeling? -Yes, I 'm fine now/(

39、NMET92) A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better -Ca n I joi n the club, Dad.-You can whe n youa bit older.(NMET 94) A. get B. will get C. get D. will have got -Do you like the material? -Yes, itvery soft.(NMET 94) A. is feeli ng B. felt C. feels D. is felt I love to go to the seaside

40、 on Summer. Itgood to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.(NMET 96)A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes Clea ning wome n in big cities usually getby the hour.(NMET 98) A. pay B. pay ing C. paid D. to pay Why don ' t you put the meat in the fridge? It willfor several days.(NMET2003 )A. be stayed

41、B. stay C. be stay ing D. have stayed系动词巩固练习 What you have said.A is sounded interesting B sounds interesting C . sound interested D listens interested The class beg ins. Please keep. A. sile nt B . sile nee C. the sile nee D. sile ntly Look! Several people in the crowd seemed. A . to be fighting B . to have fought C . being fought D . having fought Howthe song she sings