初中英语代词专项

1、学习好资料欢迎下载代词专项在我们的理解中，代词分为指示代词，人称代词，反身代词，关系代词等。通常以对话的形式考查。纵观近几年的东营市中考题，可以看出在08年考查的是不定代词one,物主代词it,指示代词that的用法；09年考查的是不定代词 something,anything,nothing和everthing 的区别；10年考查的是反身代词的单复数。按考试大纲要求我们首先以下几种代词：、指示代词：this, that, these, thosethis和that是英语中两个最基本、最常用的指示代词，它们的区别是：1） this或these 一般用来指时间或空间上较近的人或事；that或th

2、ose则指时间或空间上较远的人或事。This is an axe and that is a sickle.I have been working on the term paper these days.That Chinese student came to visit me that day.In those pre-school days, we were care-free and happy.2）有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物或眼前的事。如：He was ill. That's why he didn't co

3、me to the meeting.He is not clever but he is very diligent, and that is the most important thing.The students were informed of these words: "The President will give you an audience. No one isto be absent."What I want to emphasis is this: advertising for a bank is not easy.This will do.3）有时

4、为了避免重复提到过的名词，常可用 that或those代替。The factory's transistor's output of 1999 is double that of 1992.The presentation given by Liu is just as good as that given by Li.4.当涉及辨认近物和远物时用this和that加以区分，例如：This is a book.这是一本书。（指近处物品）That is a car.那是一辆小汽车。（指远处物品）What is that?那是什么？（问远处物品） It is a jeep.它是一辆

5、吉普车。5介绍放在一起的两样东西时，先介绍的用this,后介绍的用that。例如：This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔，那是一支铅笔。6 .把某人介绍给第三者时，常使用“ This is.”这一句型，其中this不能换成he或she例 如：Jim, this is my teacher, Mr Black. 吉姆，这是我的老师，布莱克先生。7 .打电话，向对方介绍自己时要用"This is.”。询问或确认对方是哪一位时，可以说"Who'sthat?"（你是谁?）或 "Isthat.?（是吗？）”。例如：T

6、his is Kate. Who's that? 我是凯特，你是谁？This is Jim.我是吉姆。总之，打电话时习惯用this指代自己，用that指代对方。、人称代词:人称单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称主格人称代词Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格人称代词meyouhimheritusyouthem汉语我你他她它我们你们他们形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的使用这四种代词的用法就是说，首先

7、根据汉语意思判断所用的代词是否含有的”，若有就选择物主代词，反之，就选人称代词，其次，在人称代词中，做主语就用主格人称代词， 放在动词和介词之后就用宾格人称代词；在物主代词中，后面若有名词就用形容词性物主代词；若没有，就用名词性物主代词。人称代词表示"我""你""他""我们""你们""他们"的词叫人称代词。人称代词并不全指人， 也指物。有三种人称，每个人称又分为单数和复数（第二人称单数和复数同形）。人称代词还有主格和宾格之分。它有人称、数和格的变化，其形式列表如下：人称单数复

8、数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I Me We us第二人称 You You You You第三人称 he him they themshe her it it （1） 第一人称单数I代表说话者，必须大写，"我"。如：I go to school every day.我每天去上学。（2）第一人称复数 we代表说话者一方（二 人或者二人以上）"我们"。如： We are swimming now.我们现在正在游泳。（3）第二人称单 数、复数you代表听话者或者对方 （复数you代表二人或二人以上）。如：Are you ready, Sam? 萨姆，你准备好了吗？

9、（4）第三人称包括he、sh& it. He "他"代表已经提到过的男人。She"她"代表已经提到过的女人。It "它"代表已经提到过的事物。如：He is the tallest in the class.他在班里是最高的。She has a little brother.她有个小弟弟。、I have a handbag. It is black.我有个手提包，它是黑色的。（5）第三人称复数they "他们”代表已经提到过的一些人或者一些事物，这个词没有性别之分。如： Where are the teachers?

10、 They are over there.老师们在哪里？他们在那边。 Where are the apples? They are in the drawer.苹果在哪里？它们在抽屉里。注：1）人称代词主格在句中主要做主语。如： We went to the zoo yesterday.我昨天去动物园了。2）人称代词宾格在句中主要作宾语。如： Can you help me?你能帮我吗？ 3）人称代词做表语时一般用宾格。如： Who is that? It's me.是谁呀？是我。4）在比较状语从句中，在 不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代词代替主格代词。如： He is taller

11、than me.它比我高。 He loves you more than me.她爱你胜过爱我。5）两个以上的代名词并行排列时，其次序为： a）单数人称代词：you he I.如：You, he and I are good friends.你我他都是好朋友。b）复数人称代词为： we you they.如：We and they went to the Great Wall yesterday.我们和他们昨天 都去长城了。c）第三人称He和she同时使用时，先说 he,后说she.如：He and she were late for school this morning.他和她今天早上都上

12、学迟到了。能力拓展：1 .Jim, Tom is oloking for his English book. Is this?No, that is. I don 't know where his is.A.his ,mineB.he, mine C.him, mine D.his,my2 .He may leave now ,because there is work for him to do.A. a littleB.some C.noD.any3 .Have you found the information about the famous people you can u

13、se for the report ?Not yet. I 'll search some on the Internet.A. who B.what C.whom D.which4 .-Sally, could you go and help your father wash the car.-Why? I 'm busy now .Amy is lying on the grass doing nothing.A. me B.IC.him D.her5 .-Alice ,is this your dictionary?Let me see.Oh,no. is in my s

14、chool bag.A.Myself B.Me C.MyD.Mine6 .The boy found hard to get along with the other classmates.A. this B.that C.itD.one7 .-Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday? .I cleaned it all myself.A.Somebody B.Nobody C.Everybody D.Everyone8 .Who is Mr Xu?He is theacher and he teaches P.E.A. our ,us B.o

15、ur,our C.ours,our D.we,we9 .-Excuse me, are these books?-No,they are classmate's.A.his,he B.hers,hers C.your,mine D.yours,my10 .Is there in today's newspaper?-Yes ,our National Table Tennis Team won all the seven gold medals once more.A. something new B.anything new C.somebody special D.anyb

16、ody specialII.Don't just wait for other 's help. God helps those who help.A.him B.you C.them D.themselves12.I don't think we can do it all.A. by ourselves B. by myself C. by ourself D .by yourselves13.I can't repair the model ship. Can you help?A .me; me B. myself ;myself C .myself ;

17、me D. me ; myself14.The book on the shelf is. She wrotename on its cover.A .Hers; her ;herself B. Her; hers; herselfC. Herself; her; hers D .Her; herself; herself15.Is this her bike? No, it isn't . It's.A. mine B. my C. me D. he's16. When you see Tom and his sister , tell thatmother is w

18、aiting at the gate.A. his ;his B. her; hers C. them ; their D. his ; her17. Could you help with English, please.A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I18. A friend of came here yesterday.A. my B. his C. him D. himself19. pencil-box is beautiful. But is more beautiful than.A. Toms, my, he B. Tom's,

19、 mine, hisC. Tom's, mine, him D. Tom's, my, his20. How hard works!A. we B. him C. he D. his21. She gave the erasers to Lucy and.A. I B. me C. my D. mine .22. That's not, it is. I made it.A. ours, mine, myself B. your, mine, myself C. yours, her, myself D. yours, my, myself23. Most people

20、 think are winning SARS. A. ours B. ourselves C. we D. us24. Our manager allowed to take a holiday next week.A. you and I B. yourself and me C.I and you D. you and me25. Children can usually dress by the age of five.A. him B. them C. himself D. themselves反义疑问句与感叹句反义疑问句是疑问句的一种，它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问，形式上是一个

21、省略问句，附加在陈述句后，即：陈述句+逗号+省略问句+问号直切主题，必须牢记以下规则：1. this或that用it反问，these或those用they无论是否指人This is your brother, isn' t it?Those are books ,aren ' t they?2. 不定彳t词one用one或he ,我们一般用he。One can ' t be always young, can one / he?3. something > anything > everything 和 nothing 等表示物的不定代词用it 反问，eve

22、rybody >everyone、 somebody、 someone、 anybody> anyone、 nobody 等表示人的不定代词用they 或he我们一般用he。Nothing is serious, is it?（注意为什么后面用 is it 而不是 isn' t it?）Everything seems all right, doesn' t it?Everyone knows this, don ' t they / doesn ' t he?Nobody likes to lose money, does he?（这里最好用 he

23、）4. each of 用 he 或 they 反问Each of the boys had an apple, didn' t he / they?5. 由 neithernor、not only but also、bothand、eitheror、notbut、 or、 and等连接的并列主语，用复数代词反问。Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?Both Tom and Jack came, didn ' t they?6. 由动词不定式、动名词、从句或词组构成的主语，改 itTo learn English well isn' t

24、 easy, is it?Swimming is great fun, isn' t it?7. the +形容词表示一类人，改复数代词The poor had no right （权力）to speak at the time, did they?8. there引起的句子（There be句型等），仍用thereThere stands a house and a lot of trees, doesn' t there?There are many children in the park, aren' t there?9. had better 用 should

25、 或 hadWe had better go right now, shouldn' t we / hadn ' t we?10. can' t （不可能），must（一定）表推测时，根据 can' t或must后面的动词选择相应的形式 He can ' t be a doctor, is he?The workers can ' t have finished their work, have they?must（必须）用needn' t反问You must do it today, needn ' t you?11. “ wo

26、uld rather + 动词原形"和"would like to + 动词原形”用 wouldn ' tHe would rather read the text ten times than recite it, wouldn' t he?You' d like to have some bananas, wouldn' t you?句子中有 seldom, hardly, no, not, never, few, little, nothing, nobody, nowhere 等是否定句 ，附力口疑 问部分必须采用肯定形式，具有否定前

27、缀的词对本句不起作用。Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?He is hardly able to swim, is he?There is little ink in your pen, is there?12. 主从复合句，与主句的主谓语保持一致He says that I did it, doesn' t he?David wouldn ' t go there if it rainewould he?13. I am 用 aren' t I 反问I am your friend, aren ' t I?14 .

28、表示邀请，请求的祈使句，附加疑问部分用 will you或won' t you或would you等,一般只 要记住will you就可以了，不遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则Come here, will you?Turn off the light, will you?15 . Let' s表示建议包括听话人在内，用 shall weLet ' s gor a walk, shall we?let us表示允许，不包括听话人在内，用 will youLet us do it by ourselves, will you?中考链接：1 .The boy has a

29、 new MP4,?A. doesn't he B.isn't he C.does he D.is he2 .Alice had a wonderful time ,、A. hadn't she B.wasn't sheC.didn't sheD.wouldn't she3 .E-mail is very popular today .People seldom write letters now,?A. did they B.do they C.didn ,t theyD.don ;t they4 .She is unhappy today,?

30、A. is she B.isn't sheC.does she D.doesn't she5. Your father has gone to England. The man over there can't be your father,he ?A. is B. isn ' t C. can D. can ' t6. Linda ate nothing this morning,? A. didn ' t she B. was she C. did she D. wasn' t she7. There ' s hardly m

31、ilkthe bottle,there?A. no, isn ' t B. some, is C. little, isn' t D. any, is8. He has never ridden a horse before,? A. does he B. has he C. hasn' t he D. doesn ' t9. 一 He seldom came here,?-Yes sir.t they C. won ' t it D. doesn ' t't heA. didn ' t he B. does he C. does

32、n D. did he t he10. Everything seems all right,? A. does it B. don11. One can ' t be too modest, can? A. one B. he C. it D. we12. No one failed in the exam,? A. was he B. did one C. did they D. didn13. Neither you nor I am an artist,? A. am I B. aren14. He can ' t be her father,he? A. is B.

33、isn15. They have no time to visit the museum,?A. do they B. haven ' t they C. don ' thhey D. will16. You ' d better go at once,you? A. hadn17. You ' d rather work than play,you? A. hadn感叹句：t we Cma ret we D. at C. can D. can ' tt B. did C. didn ' t D. don ' t't B. wou

34、ldn ' t C. didn ' t D. mustn一、感叹句结构感叹句通常有 what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种: 掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序How+形容词或副词+陈述语序What +名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序例如：How clever a boy he is!How lovely the baby is!What noise th

35、ey are making!What a clever boy he is!What wonderful ideas (we have)!What cold weather it is!感叹句的省略形式为：What a clever boy (he is)!近几年的典型中考题：1) food you've cooked!A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice2) terrible weather we've been having these days!A. What B. What a C. How D. H

36、ow a3)-I had!-You really suffered a lot.A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. how time4 .wonderful news report he wrote!A. What B.what a C.how D.how a5 .beautiful music!Yes. It 's written by Beethoven.A. What B.what a C.how D.how a用how,what填空1) .difficult homework we had yesterday!2) .sma

37、rt girl your daughter is!3) .interesting his book is!4) .bad the weather in England is!5) .honest boy Tom is!直击中考：I still remember visiting Moscow. It is the capital of Russia, the b 1 country in the world. I went there w 2 my parents when I was eight years old. I lived and studied there for one yea

38、r, I had some happy memories.One of the most interesting things of that city was that t 3 were many dogs. Perhaps Russians l 4 dogs very much. You can see dogs here and there. Almost each of the families had a dog. I made friends with many Russian children w 5 I was living and studying there. They w

39、ere all very nice. They had fair hair and fair skin. I played with them h 6 though I could only speak a little Russian at first. They were f 7 to me. The weather in Moscow was very cold. It snowed almost every in winter. The ground was always c 8 with a lot of snow. We often made s 9 together.Now I

40、am b 10 in China, but I miss them so much. I will never forget my happy memories of this visit to Moscow.初中英语易混短语集锦I.say ,speak,talk,tell 的区别：say一般作及物动词用，着重说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词，代 词或宾语从句。eg: He can say his name.他会说他的名字。Please say it in English. 请用英语用。She's saying ,Don't draw on the wall.她在说“别在墙上画“

41、。 speak强调说的动作，不强调所说的内容。作及物动词时，常以某种语言作宾语。作不及物动词时，常见的搭配形式有：speak of something/somebody 谈至U某事 (某人)speak to sb 跟某人讲话，此外speak还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说。Can you speak Japanese?你会说日 语吗？She is speaking to her teacher.她正在跟她的老师说话。He spoke at the meeting yesterday.他昨天在会上讲了 话。 talk 一般为不及物动词，意思是“交谈，谈话，着重强调两具之间的 相互说话。eg

42、: She is talking with Lucy in English. 她正在和露茜用英语交谈。What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么?The teacher is talking to him.老师正在和他谈话。 tell常作及物动词，意为“讲述，告诉，动词常跟双宾语。tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 告诉某人某事。eg: He is telling the children a story.他正在给孩子们讲一个故事。Did you tell her the news? = Did you tell the news to her

43、? 你把这个消息告诉她了吗？II.spend/cost/pay/take(1)spend的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb ) spend some money/some time on sth.(sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth. 例如：I spent fifty yuan on the coat.=I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花 50 元买了这件大衣。He spent three days on the work.=He spend three days (in) doing

44、the work. 我干这项工作用了 3 天。(2)take常用于 占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语“i或物。句式是：It takes/took sb.some time to do sth = Sth.takes sb.some time. 例如：It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses.画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。The work will take me two days.这项工作花了 2 天时间。pay为付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是 sb. pays some money for sth 或pay sb.

45、(some money for sth) 例如：I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花 50 元买了这件大衣。He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine?他买药已付医生 50 英镑。How much did you pay him?你付他多少钱？(4) cost的主语必须是某物。spendon sth . /in doing sth .的主语必须是人。pay for的 主语也是人。It takes + sb . +时间(或钱)to do sth .的主语则必须是形式主语 It。动词 cost 的常用用法是 st

46、h.cost (sb.) some money 。如：The dictionary cost me £ 20.III. arrive、reach、 get to析arrive为不及物动词，当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in,而到达较小的地方时则用 at,如：arrive in New York, arrive at the village Jarrive如上所述是不及物动词，而 reach则是及物动词。如： How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物动词，作"到达"讲时其后面多与to连用。如：Whe

47、n did you get to New York?arrive误I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.正 I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.正 I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.误 He arrived in the school at 11: QQ正He arrived at the school at 11: 00.arrive in 接时间段arrive in two hours两小时内到达arrive at接具体时间点arriv

48、e at 2 o'clock两点到达reach 接地点 reach china 到中国有已经到达的含义get to 接地点 类似于reachgot to接地点与reach不同的是有准备去的意味IV.有关make的几点解释1 .做;制造;建造Mary made a paper boat.玛丽做了一只纸船。2 .作出（某种举动）I didn't make any promise.我没有作出任何承诺。3 .使得;使做.The news made John irritable.这消息使约翰烦躁不安。His jokes made us all laugh.他的笑话把我们都逗笑了。4 .到

49、达;赶上We just made the last bus.我们正好赶上末班公交车。5 .获彳导，挣得;赢得He makes $1,000 a month. 他每月挣一千元。6 .认为;估十方，推算I make the distance ten miles.这段距离我估计是十英里。7 .总计;等于One hundred centimeters make one meter.一百厘米等于一米。8 .构成;组成A car is made up of many different parts.汽车是由许多不同的零件组成的。make作为及物动词，有一种特殊用法，即使役用法：在表示 使（要）某人（事物）

50、做什么（怎么样）时，它除了要有一个宾语”之外，还要求宾语后面带上一个宾语补足语，整个句子才能完整，这种 宾语+宾语补足语”是英语简单句的五种基本句型之一，同学们一 定要掌握好。可作宾语补足语的词或词组有：1、动词原形，即不带 to的动词不定式，如： He made me stay with him 。他让我和他在 一起。 How did Ling Feng make the baby stop crying?凌风是怎样使婴儿停止啼哭的？2、形容词（词组）如： This made all the street as light as day.这使整条街道亮如白昼。He tried to make

51、 them happy.他设法使他们高兴。It'll made me so happy.这件事可使我如此高兴。3、名词（词组）如：I would make you king over the earth.我会让你做国王统治世界。Hemade her his wife. 他娶她为妻。 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只有工作没有娱乐使杰克脑子极为迟纯。（只工作不学习，聪明的孩子也变傻）。4、有时可用介词短语。如：He asked us to make ourselves at home.他要我们不要拘束。5、过去分词如：What ma

52、ke him so frightened?是什么原因令他如此害怕？用在被动是有两种形式一是 be made to domake:是使役动词，后跟随动词原形，但在被动语态中，它后面得跟to do形式.二是 Make +p.pI speak loudly to make myself heard.V. 有关look的短语及应用look around四下里看，环顾；仔细观察；全面调查look for 寻找look after照看，照管look as if though看起来好象，似乎是look at看,查看look forward to 盼望，期待look here 口喂;听我说（唤起注意）look

53、 ill （人）看上去有病；看上去不漂亮；（物）不美观，（事情）显得很糟；看来不妙look into向的里面看，窥视；浏览look like看起来象look out向外望，注意，当心，小心，警惕look over医生（给病人）查看；过目look through从头看完，透视，审核，查看，温习look towards朝看；（房子）面朝；look up查阅（字典，资料）look well看起来健康漂亮;（情况）显得不错帮教训练：I.When will the train there?A.reach B. get to C.arrive at D.arrive in2 .Who was th first one_? A to reach Bto arrive C to ge