最常用医学前后缀张顺兴

1、100个最最常用医学前后缀Table 1 Examples of organs and systems （部分器官与系统术语）中文普通前/后缀形容词示例1心heartcardiocardiaccardialcardiology 心脏病学 endocarditis 心内膜炎myocarditis 心肌炎2脑braincerebroencephalocerebralcerebrum 大脑cerebellum 小脑encephalopathy 脑病3颅skullcraniocranialintracranial 颅内的4肺lungpulmopulmonarypulmonology 肺病学pulmon

2、itis 肺炎5肝liverhepatohepatichepatitis 肝炎hepatobiliary 肝胆的hepatoenterostomy 肝肠吻合6肾kidneynephrorenalnephritis 肾炎nephropathy 肾病nephrectomy 肾切除7胃stomachgastrogastricgastritis 胃炎gastrectomy 胃切除8肠intestinegutbowelenterointestinalenteritis 肠炎gastroenteritis 胃肠炎enterostomy 肠造口术9食道/管esophagusesophagoesophagea

3、lesophagitis 食道炎esophagoscopy 食道镜10胆 （汁）gallbladderBile cholebiliarycholecystitis 胆囊炎cholesterol 胆固醇11脾spleensplenosplenicsplenectomy 脾切除spenomegaly脾大12胰pancreaspancreatopancreaticpancreatitis 胰腺pancreatopathy 胰腺病13膀胱bladdercystcystocysticcystitis 膀胱炎cystography 膀胱造影14（泌）尿urineurourethrourinaryurolo

4、gy 泌尿病学transurethral 经尿道的15直肠anusrectorectalrectoscopy 直肠镜检查rectoplasty 直肠成形术 rectocolitis 直肠结肠炎16结肠coloncolocolonalcolitis 结肠炎colostomy 结肠造口17肌musclemyomuscularmyocarditis 心肌炎myoloma 肌瘤18关节jointarthroarticulararthritis 关节炎arthropathy 关节病19骨bonebonyosteoosteoarthritis 骨关节炎osteoplasty 骨整形20髓marrowmye

5、myeloma 骨髓瘤myelitis 骨髓炎myelopathy 骨髓病21血bloodhematohematic hematology 血液学 hematoma 血肿22血管vesselvasoangiovascularvasopressin 血管加压素angiography 血管造影23动脉artery arterioarterialarteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 24静脉veinveno venousIntravenous 静脉内的25神经nerveneuronervousneuron 神经元neuroma 神经瘤26细胞cellcytocellularcytology 细

6、胞学leukocyte 白细胞27眼eyeophthalmooculoocularvisualophthalmology 眼科学ophthalmitis 眼炎28耳earaudioauditoryaudibleAudiometer 听力计audiosurgery 耳外科29鼻noserhinonasonasalrhinorrhea鼻溢nasogastric 鼻胃的30口mouthorooralorolingual 口舌的31舌tonguelinguolingualsublingual 舌下的lingustics 语言学32喉throatlaryngolaryngeallaryngectomy

7、喉切除laryngitis 喉炎33咽throatpharyngopharyngealpharyngitis 咽炎34气管/道Airway / pipe / passagetracheotrachealtracheostomy 气管插管tracheoscope 气管镜tracheoesophageal 气管食道的 35体body -some /some-physicalpsychosomatice身心的chromosome 染色体 36精神mind psycho-mentalpsychology 心理学psychosis 精神病Table 2 Examples of diseased stat

8、es (部分病态术语)含义前/后缀示例37病patho-pathypathogen 病原 / pathology 病理学encephalopathy脑病38病态-osisneurosis 神经病 / tuberculosis 肺结核39增多-osisleukocytosis 白细胞增多症40减少-peniapancytosis 全血细胞减少41炎症-it isarthritis 关节炎 / hepatitis 肝炎42肿块-omalymphoma 淋巴瘤 / carcinoma癌43疼痛-algia-algesiaarthralgia 关节痛 / analgesia 止痛44血症-emiale

9、ukemia 白血病 / bacteremia菌血症45麻痹-plegiahemiplegia 偏瘫 / myoplegia 肌肉麻痹46坏死necro-necrosishepatonecrosis肝坏死 / necrotic 坏死的47不良mal-malnutrition 营养不良 / malfunction 功能障碍, 48流出-rrheadiarrhea 腹泻 /menorrhea月经49困难/障碍dys-dysfunction 功能障碍 / dyspnea呼吸困难 / dysuria 排尿困难50无aan-atypical 不典型的 / asymptomatic无症状的 / anuri

10、a 无尿 / analgesia 止痛51复合/多poly-polyuria 多尿 / polyopia 复视52巨-megalysplenomegaly 脾大 / acromegaly 指端肥大症 53结石litho-lithcholelithes 胆结石 / lithiasis结石症54硬化-sclerosisAthrosclerosis动脉粥样硬化 / arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 Table 3 Examples of surgical terminology （部分外科术语）含义前/后缀示例55切除-ectomygastrectomy 胃切除56切开-otomycran

11、iotomy 开颅手术57造口/吻合-stomycolostomy 结肠造口58整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics 骨科59造影、描绘-graphyangiography 血管造影 / radiography 拍片60经/ 横向trans-transurethral 经尿道的 / transcutaneous 经皮的 / transfusion 输血61成形-plastyesophagoplasty 食道成形术Table 4 Examples of directions and positions (部分方向位置)含义普通前/后缀示例62上Upper, superiorepi- ,

12、supra-epigastric 上腹部的/ supraclavicular 锁骨上的63下lower, inferiorinfra-, sub-subclavicular, 锁骨下的 / inferior vena cava下腔静脉64 前front, anterior, priorfore-, ante, pre-, antero, forehead 前额 / anteroposterior 前后的/正位的65后back, posterior, rear post-, retro-, postero-postprandial餐后的/ retroperitoneal 腹膜后的66内inner

13、, internalIn-, intra, endo, ento-Inhalation吸入 / endoscope内窥镜 / intracranial颅内的 67外outer, externalex-, exo- extract 提取 / excretion排泄 / exocardial心外的68侧lateral bilateral双侧的 / unilateral单侧的/ contralateral对侧的69旁/副adjacent, appendix para-parathyroid 甲状旁腺/ paracancer 癌旁 70周peripheral, aroundperi-Periopera

14、tive 围术的 / perinatal围产的 71间between inter-intercostal 肋间的/ intercedllular细胞间的 72中心Central centro-, centri-centrifuge 离心/ centronucleus中心核Table 5 Examples of cells and colors （部分细胞与颜色）含义前/后缀示例73色chromo / cromochromosome 染色体 / cromolyn 色苷酸钠74红erythro erythrocyte 红细胞 / erythromycin 红霉素75白leukoleukocyte

15、白细胞 / leukemia 白血病 76黑melanoMelanoma 黑色素瘤/ melena 黑便77青、蓝cyanocyanosis 紫绀 78淋巴lymph lymphocyte 淋巴细胞 / lymphoma 淋巴瘤 79粒granulogranulocyte 粒细胞 / granulocytosis粒细胞增多80成细胞blastfibroblast 成纤细胞81网状reticuloreticulocyte 网状细胞82嗜碱的basi, baso, alkalobasophil 嗜碱性粒细胞83嗜酸的eosino, acidoeosinocyte, eosnophil嗜酸性粒细胞8

16、4凝血的thrombothrombocyte 凝血细胞 （= 血小板platelet） Table 6 Examples of compounds (部分化合物)含义前/后缀示例85（酸）盐-ate sulfate 硫酸盐 / nitrate 硝酸盐86醇-ol alcohol 酒精 / taxol 紫杉醇 / ethanol 乙醇87醛-al methylal甲缩醛 / retinal视黄醛88糖-saccharide, glyco-, gluco-, saccharo-glycogen糖原 / glucose葡萄糖 / saccharide糖 / polysaccharide 多糖89酶-ase transaminase转氨酶 / reductase还原酶90素-inheparin 肝素 / nuclein核素 91原-genantigen 抗原 / collagen 胶原 92苯基/酚phenol-Phenol酚（石炭酸）/ phenate 酚盐 93氨基amino-Amino acid氨基酸 / aninosuria 氨尿 Table 7 Examples of numbers