高考英语形容词和副词考点总结

1、高考英语 ：形容词和副词【考查要点】 1) 原级，比较级、最高级的选用及应用范围,复习中须注意如下句型的用法： as + 原级adj. / adv. + as表“和一样” ； not as / so + 原级adj. / adv. + as表“不如”。例如： John plays football as well as David. Tom does not play the piano so/as well as Jack.The violin in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good. as + 原级adj. + a(n) + n

2、. + as表“跟一样”。如 Its believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. Our neighbor has as big a house as ours. 比较级 + than表“比更” ； less+原级+ than表“不如”。如： This year they have produced less grain than they did last year. This road is wider than that one. the + 比较级， the + 比较级表示“越，就会越”。例如： Its be

3、lieved that the harder you work, the better result youll get. the +比较级+ of the + two/名词 /代词 表两者中“较的一个”。 如： Who is the younger of the two boys? 比较级 +and+ 比较级 表示：越来越。如： Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 用the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不适合的”、“最不希望的”等。例如: The last thing I want to do is to offend you.我最

4、不愿意做的就是惹你生气。 （8）a / an+ 形容词最高级，表示的是：很，非常，极其等意思，不是真正比较。就是一种语气： She is a best friend of mine.她是我一位非常要好的朋友。考点1： 形容词作表语，形容词、副词作后置定语 adj修饰something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代词时，要后置。Something new.present作“出席的”时只作后置定语。 表语形容词alive, asleep, awake, alone等作后置定语。副词修饰动词时, 放在动词之后。修饰形容词或副词时, 放在被修饰词之前。enoug

5、h修饰形容词、副词时要后置，修饰名词时可放在名词的前后。形容词短语修饰名词作主语时要后置。用and或or连接的形容词作定语时要后置, 起强调作用。表数量的词作定语时要后置。副词修饰形容词的特殊词序, “so, as, how, too + 形容词 + 单数可数名词”。考点2： 倍数表达法 （重点）1） 倍数 + as + 原级形容词 + as .。 如：This road is three times as long as that one. 2） 倍数 + the size / length / width / depth / height of .。如： The river is five

6、 times the width of that one. 3） 倍数 + 比较级 + than + 被比较对象。 如： The sun is a million times larger than the earth. 考点3： 多个形容词作定语时的排序问题 1) 多个形容词作定语时的排序遵从如下规律： 限定词+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形容性形容词+(large, long, high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+产地(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk) 记住以上规则是必要的，但还应多阅读、多体会，增强语感是

7、关键。考点4. 几种带有否定词的比较句型 : 1) no better than表示“和一样；实际等于”。例如： The patient is no better than he was yesterday._病人的情况和昨天一样。 2) not . any more than或no more . than表“同一样不”。 not more than 表前者不如后者。如： My elder brother is no more a singer than I am. 我哥哥和我都不是歌唱家。 This book is not more interesting than that one. 这本

8、书还不如那一本有趣。3) no less . than表示“和一样；不逊于”。如The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts.写作技巧和其他艺术技巧一样困难。 Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.日光和新鲜空气对身体健康是同样必不可少的。 4) nothing more than表“只不过是，无非是”。例如： She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a

9、common girl. 她希望把她像一般女孩一样对待。 5)not /never +adj/adv比较级，表达是最高级的意思：You will never find a better car in the world than this one.这是你能找的到的世界上最好的轿车了。6. can not/can never be too.，意为“越越好”或“再也不过分”。You can never be too careful.你越小心越好。考点5.比较等级的修饰语：1. 修饰原级：fairly, quite, rather, so, very, too等。2.修饰比较级;much, even

10、, far, rather, still, any, no(不用very, quite, fairly，greatly等)，a bit, a little, a great deal. a lot , by far等。 （too的修饰词和修饰比较级的一样。） eg. The students study even harder than before学生们比以前学习努力了。 A car runs a great deal faster than a bike 汽车跑起来比自行车快许多。3. 修饰最高级的有： 序数词，by far，ever, nearly，almost，by no means，

11、 very， etc.The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River在建的桥是黄河上最长桥。考点6.同根副词辨析：close接近地closely 仔细地，密切地; free免费地 freely 自由地，无拘束地;hard 努力地 hardly几乎不 ; late 晚，迟 lately 近来； most 极，非常 mostly 主要地； wide 广阔地widely 广泛地； high 高 highly 高度地，非常地 ； loud 大声的 loudly大声地（含喧闹意）;deep 深，迟deepl

12、y 抽象意的“深” near 邻近 nearly 几乎常见固定搭配考点：1.so many/so much/so few/so little+名词（其中的many, much, few, little等词都表“多少”之意，但是：little还可当可爱语气的，“小”意思来解释，此时用such little+名词，不能用so little了。）2. 固定句型“cannot/can never be too.”的考查，意为“越越好”或“再也不过分”。3. 当too.to.结构中副词too后接apt, ready, anxious, eager, glad, willing等形容词时，该结构表达的即为

13、肯定的含义。 She is too willing to marry him. 她很愿意嫁给他。4. 当too.to.结构中副词too前有all, but, only, quite等修饰时，该结构表达的也为肯定含义。 I am only too pleased to help you. 我很高兴帮助您。It is nothing more than a made-up story.这只不过是杜撰的故事而已。【11真题全解全析】 1.(2011四川卷,12）How are your recent trip to Sichuan? Ive never had one before.A.a plea

14、sant B.a more pleasant C.a most pleasant D.the most pleasant3.(2011湖北卷,23）The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was_，though slow.A. shaky B. heavy C. casual D. steady【答案】D【解析】考查形容词的辨义。句意为“这位年长的工程师，古铜色的脸上布满皱纹，但目光炯炯。当他走过房间时，步子虽慢但是沉

15、稳。”shaky颤抖的；heavy沉重的；casual漠不关心的，冷淡的；steady稳定的。根据前面的交代，选D。4.(2011湖北卷,24）An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons characters; however, they are not always_,A. practical B. avoidable C. permanent D. beneficial6.(2011江西卷24）The film is , I have to say, not a bit interesting.Why?

16、Its _ than the films I have ever seen.A. far more interesting B.much less interestingC. no more interesting D.any less interesting【答案】 A【解析】考察形容词比较级。句意为“我得说，这部电影一点都不令人感兴趣。什么？这可比我看过的电影有趣得多了。”程度副词可修饰形容词比较级，放于比较级前。根据应答者用“Why?”进行的反问，选A。7.(2011江西卷33）She has already tried her best. Please dont be too _ ab

17、out her job.A.special B.responsible C.unusual D.particular【答案】D【解析】考察形容词的固定搭配。句意为“她已经尽了最大的努力。请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。”be particular about 对挑剔，是固定搭配。选D。8.(2011浙江卷,9) The professor could tell by the _look in Marias eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture A. cold B. blank C. innocent D. f

18、resh 【答案】B【解析】考查形容词的辨义。句意为“根据Maria茫然的眼神，这位教授能够看出她对他所讲的内容连一个字也没有听懂。”cold冰冷的；blank空虚的，茫然的；innocent无辜的；fresh新鲜的。根据后面didn't understand，选B。9.(2011浙江卷,13) Ive been writing this report_ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.A. finally B. immediately C. occasionally D. certainly11.

19、(2011全国卷,30) The form cannot be signed by anyone yourself.A.rather than B.other than C.more than D.better than【答案】B【解析】考查副词短语的辨义。句意为“这张表格只能由你本人签字。”rather than而不；other than除了，相当于but和except；more than不仅仅；better than比多、好。选B。12.(2011全国卷II,12) It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is an

20、other to play it well yourself. A. quite B. very C. rather D. much14.（2011上海春招,28）Youd be exposed to a lot _ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air.A. moreB. mostC. lessD. least 【答案】C【解析】考查形容词比较级的用法。句意为“如果我们搬到空气清新、水质纯净的小镇去，我们受到的污染将会少得多。”空格前的a lot修饰比较级more或less，根据后面的语意，选C。15.(2011江苏

21、卷,25） In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _.AspecialBregionalCoptionalDoriginal【答案】C【解析】考查形容词的辨义。句意为“在那所学校，英语是学生的必修课，而法语和俄语是选修课。”special特别的，特意的；regional地区的，地方的；optional可选择的；original原始的，最初的。句中由but进行转折，由此可知法语和俄语不是必修课而是可以选修，所以正确答案为C。16.(2011福建卷,30）Nowedays

22、, there is a increase in childrens creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to drevelop their talents.A.sharp B.slight C.natural D.modest【答案】A【解析】考查形容词的辨义。句意为“现在的孩子们在创造力上有很大的提高，因为他们被极力地鼓励着去发展他们的天赋。”sharp明显的，急剧的；slight轻微的，稍稍的；natural自然的，天生的；modest谦虚的，不过分的。因此选A。17.(2011安徽卷,31）_, I managed to get th

23、rough the game and the pain was worth it in the end.A. Hopefully B. Normally C. Thankfully D. Conveniently【答案】C【解析】考查副词的辨义。句意为“庆幸的是，我终于打完了比赛，其中的辛苦没有白费。”hopefully充满希望地；normally正常地；thankfully庆幸地；conveniently方便地。根据句意，选C。单项选择 时态和语态【考查要点】在高考中，时态一直是考查的热点，也是广大考生复习备考的难点。在大纲中，要求考生具备较强的语言应用能力，能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某

24、一特定时态。高考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大，不易把握。大部分吋态题答案的选择取决于题干语境；但也有部分时态试题较易把握，其用法相对固定，常见于特定句式结构中；还有部分常见时态用法特殊。主要考查动词的时态、语态，注重在语境中考查时态的正确使用、主从句时态呼应和固定句式。主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时以及完成进行时。【名师解题指南】考生应熟知常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。高考题往往不会涉及单一的时态语态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和呼应及与语态的结合使用。所以解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间的先后关系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法”(寻找时间标

25、志词)、“呼应法”(主从句时态呼应)、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“语境法”等解题技巧。一慧眼识别标志词 如果题干中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态 例More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 【解析】此题有明显的时间标志词last year,提示我们应该使用一般过去时;句中的主语students是被送的对象,应该使用被动语态答案为B动词的时态一般都有其相应的

26、时间状语,请同学们熟记下列8种常用时态所对应的时间状语 (1)一般现在时:often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等 (2)一般过去时:then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等 (3)现在进行时:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等 (4)过去进行时:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等 (5)现在完成时:

27、 recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years, for+一段时间, since + 一点时间等 (6)过去完成时:before, by the end of last month/years等 (7)一般将来时:tomorrow, today, next week/month, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等 (8)过去将来时:the following month, the next week等 高考测试动词时态须与句中时间

28、状语一致时,常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态,是解决此类问题的良策二主从时态须呼应 如果所给题干是主从复合句,可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态命题角度及对策近年来高考考查主从句的时态呼应时,常放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点: (1)在时间条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,用现在完成时表示将来完成时(2)正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境 (3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时

29、,考生应熟知以下规则:主句动词为现在时,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态;主句动词为过去时,则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时) 三仔细体会语境 近年来高考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化实际化因此,仔细体会所给语境,根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题例：Do you think we should accept that offer? Yes，we should，for we_ such bad luck up till now，and time_ out. A. have had；is running B. had；is

30、running C. have；has been run D. have had；has been run 【解析】 A。由时间标志词up till now知道，动作是从过去延续到现在，所以第一空要用现在完成时；而根据语境可知时间快要耗光了，所以第二空要用进行时表将来。 Can you tell me the timetable of the_school bus? Well, the bus_here for the _campus at 7:00 Am. Awill leave Bleft Cis leaving Dleaves 【解析】 D。考查时态，“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事情，表

31、示一般性动作用一般现在时。 【11真题全解全析】 1.(2011全国卷,23) Planing so far ahead no senseso many things will have changed by next year.A.made B.is making C.makes D.has made【答案】C【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“计划这么超前毫无意义到明年许多事情会发生变化的。”前句表示现在的情况make no sense，后句表示到将来会产生的后果will have changed。一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态。is making和has made表示具体的动作过程，故不选。

32、因此选C。2.(2011全国卷,24) I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he polite.A.was just being B.will just be C.had just been D.would just be 【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“我不能确信他是真正感兴趣呢还是仅仅为了表示礼貌。”句前wasnt sure表明说话的起点是过去时，was really interested和was just being polite都是相一致的过去时。故选A。3.(2011全国卷,29) When Alice came t

33、o, she did not know how long she there.A.had been lying B.has been lying C.was lying D.has lain【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“当Alice苏醒过来时，她不知道她在那儿躺了多久了。”过去完成进行时主要表示持续到过去某时之前的动作。came to苏醒过来是过去时，苏醒前的情况是过去的过去，强调过去的过去里发生的事，故选A。4.(2011全国卷II,9) If you don't like the drink you_just leave it and try a different o

34、ne. A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“如果你不喜欢你所点的饮料，就把它放那儿，试试另一种。”don't like the drink是现在时，点饮料是过去的动作，因此，用过去时或现在完成时，故选A。5.（2011北京卷,21）Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted B. have been condu

35、cted C. had conducted D. had been conducted【答案】 D【解析】 考查动词时态和语态，句意为“就在二战爆发前，美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。”首先考虑语态，主语experiment与conduct构成动宾关系，谓语使用被动形式。题干中出现the second war是过去的时间点，before the second war是过去的过去，因此使用过去完成时。选D。6.（2011北京卷,23）Tom in the library every night over the last three months.A. works B. worked C. has

36、been working D. had been working【答案】 C【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“在过去的三个月里，Tom每天晚上都在图书馆里学习。”题干中出现的over the last three months，是明显提示用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故选C。7.（2011北京卷,27）That must have been a long trip.Yeah, it us a whole week to get there.A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking【答案】 C【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“那一定是长途旅行。是的，我们

37、花了整整一周时间才赶到那儿。”题干中must have done是对过去的肯定推测，提示时间在过去，描述过去的情况，排除A和B，D项was taking进行时态表将来，但事实上事情已发生，这与题意不符，因此选C。8.（2011北京卷,32）Bob has gone to California.Oh, can you tell me when he ?A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“Bob已经去了加利福尼亚。噢，你能告诉我他什么时候离开的？”Bob has gone to Californi

38、a，去的动作已经发生过，说明他离开的动作发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时。选B。9.（2011天津卷,3）In the last few years thousands of films all over the world.A.have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意为“在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。选B。10.（2011

39、天津卷,4）On her next birthday, Ann married for twenty years.A.is B.has been C.will be D.will have been【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“等到下次生日的时候，Ann结婚有二十年了。”her next birthday是将来的时间，for twenty years是个时间段。将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态，故选D。11.（2011上海春招,29）Im sure you will do better in the test because you _ so hard this year.

40、 A. studiedB. had studiedC. will studyD. have been studying【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩，因为这一年里你一直用功学习。”前半句Im sure you will do better交代了时间起点是现在。because引起的状语从句不能用将来时，只能用现在时。this year今年，是个时间段。D项 have been studying表示一直持续到现在的动作，故用现在完成进行时。选D。12.（2011上海春招,32）A lot of people often forget that ora

41、l exams _ to test our communicative ability. A. designB. are designedC. are designingD. are being designed【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意为“很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。”一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。oral exams与design的关系存在着被动，故选B。13.(2011山东卷,31) When I got on the bus, I_

42、I had left my wallet at home.A. was realizingB. realizedC. have realizedD. would realize【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“当我上了车后，我才意识到我把钱包落在家里了。”I had left my wallet at home发生在realized之前，前一句When I got on the bus给出的时间起点是过去时，故选B。14.(2011山东卷,35) She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything!A.

43、had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“她惊讶地发现冰箱里空空如也；她的孩子把里面的东西全吃光了！”“吃光”这个动作发生在“发现”之前，前一句交代了过去时间，因此选择过去的过去。故选B。15.（2011江苏卷,21）I hear you _ in a pub. whats it like?Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind.A.are workingB.will work C.wer

44、e working D.will be working【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“我听说你在酒吧里上班，这份工作怎么样？咳，这是份辛苦活，老感到累，不过我不介意。”对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上班，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选A。16.（2011江苏卷,23）Tommy is planning to buy a car.I know. By next month, he_enough for a used one.A. saves B .savedC.will save D. will have saved【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“Tomm

45、y将计划买车。我知道，到下个月为止，他积攒的钱足够买一辆旧车了。”by next month是将来完成时的标志，全句表示在将来next month之前完成“积攒足够钱”的动作，对将来的时间next month产生影响，能买一辆旧车。故选D。17.（2011福建卷,32）Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they from China.A.receive B.are receiving C.have received D.had received19. (2011浙江卷,15) The m

46、anager was worried about the press conference his assistant_in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given【答案】C【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。幸运的是，一切进展顺利。”was worried about和everything was going on smoothly都是过去时，排除B选项。经理担心的时候正是助手举办新闻发布会之

47、时，过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，排除表示过去完成时的D选项。A选项gave表示过去的动作发生过，这与后面everything was going on smoothly不符，因为事情还在进展中，故选C。20.（2011四川卷,9）All visitors to this village _ with kindness.A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated 【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意为“所有到这个村子的来访者都会受到善意的接待。”表示经常性或习惯性的动作，用一般现在时。来访者与招待存在着

48、被动关系。由于没有交代过去时间，had been treated过去的过去不能用。因此选B。21.（2011四川卷,19）What a mistake!Yes. I his doing it another way, but without success.A.was suggesting B.will suggest C.would suggest D.had suggested22.（2011重庆卷,21）That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _the piano upstairs?A. has played B. played C.

49、 plays D. is playing【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“那首乐曲听起来相当熟悉。是谁在楼上弹钢琴？”在听的过程中才发出谁在弹钢琴的疑问，sound用的是现在时，交代的时间是现在，故选D。23.（2011重庆卷,31）Look at the pride on Toms face. He to have been praised by the manager just now.A.seemed B.seems C.had seemed D.is seeming【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“看Tom脸上骄傲的表情，他似乎刚才受到了经理的表扬。”look at祈使句交代了时间是现在，seem表心理判断，没有进行时态，故选B。24.（2011陕西卷,12）His first novel good reviews since it came out last month. A.receives B.is receiving C.will receive D.has received【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为“他的第一本小说自上个月出版以来受到了好评。”since自从以来，引导含有过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。故选D。25.（2011湖南卷,22）John, what _in your hand? Look! Its