-ing形式之现在分词（讲义）

1、.高中英语-ing形式之如今分词1. 通过学习本课，可以全面掌握如今分词的根本形式及其根本用法。2. 通过学习本课，可以掌握如今分词作表语、定语和状语等句法功能。重点：学生可以正确运用如今分词来解决语法填空和短文改错中的问题。难点：学生可以运用句法功能及固定搭配等选用如今分词的正确形式。1. 对动词-ing形式的考察历来是高考中的热点。要求考生正确理解分词的句法功能，正确分析句子构造。2. 高考对于如今分词的考察主要集中在语法填空和短文改错中，要求考生对适用如今分词的情况有足够的认知，可以准确判断出何时需要用如今分词形式。如今分词的根本形式及其根本用法如今分词在形式上与动名词一样，由“动词+i

2、ng构成，如今分词可以有不同的时态和语态，按照时态可以分作一般式和完成式，按照语态可以分作主动式和被动式。类型构造意义一般式doing 表示动作正在进展或与谓语动作同时发生完成式having done强调动作已经发生或者发生在谓语动作之前否认式not doing/not having done一般式的否认式/完成式的否认式被动式being done/having been done一般式的被动式/完成式的被动式He came up to me, saying, “Glad to see you here.他朝我走来，说着“很快乐遇见你。The question being discussed

3、is of great importance.正在被讨论的问题非常重要。Having been scolded by his mother, he made up his mind to give up smoking.被母亲责怪过之后，他下定决心要戒烟。Not knowing her address, I telephoned her to meet me at the airport.不知道她的地址，我打 让她到机场接我。Not having finished his homework, he had to stay up late last night.因为还没有写完作业，昨夜他不得不熬

4、夜到很晚。According to the report, people in the _ areas are rebuilding their homes and many roads _ to the area have been repaired.A. flooded; lead B. flooding; leadingC. flooding; to lead D. flooded; leading答案：D思路分析：句意：据报道，洪灾区的人们正在重建他们的家园，并且很多通往灾区的路也已经修好了。flooded意为“被水淹的；many roads和lead之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用lea

5、ding。如今分词作表语作表语的如今分词多已经演化为形容词，即为-ing形容词作表语，表示“令人的。常见的-ing形容词有：amusing, amazing, boring, confusing, disturbing, exciting, encouraging, frightening, interesting, inspiring, missing, moving, surprising, tiring, puzzling, worrying, sitting等。The news that we both have passed the final exam is really exci

6、ting.我们俩都通过了期末考试的消息确实令人冲动。The places where we spent our summer holiday are quite interesting.去年夏天我们度假的那几个地方相当有趣。假如该形容词指抽象概念，那么谓语动词那么用单数形式。The true is to be distinguished from the false.真假必须明辨。The unexpected has happened.出乎意料的事情发生了。The news that her missing daughter had been found was .A. excited B.

7、to be excited C. excitementD. exciting答案：D思路分析：此题中含有一个同位语从句，是news的详细内容。作表语的应该是如今分词exciting，或者称之为ing形容词，译为“冲动人心的，令人兴奋的。如今分词作定语如今分词作定语1表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，与被修饰的词是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句，可表示一个正在进展的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。2单个如今分词作定语，位于被修饰词之前；分词短语作定语，位于被修饰词之后。3如今分词的完成式having done / having been done通常不用作定语，只用来作状语。I saw a w

8、aiting taxi.= I saw a taxi which is waiting.我看到一辆正在等人的出租车。The bird singing in the tree is beautiful.在树上唱歌的小鸟非常漂亮。Do you know the man standing over there?你认识站在那边的那个人吗？The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. ×The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake w

9、ill be rebuilt soon. 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就会重建。Its reported that 289 more trains were added _ passengers on Sunday to meet the needs of those people _ home for the Spring Festival.A. to take; returning B. taking; returningC. taken; to return D. take; returned答案：A思路分析：句意：据报道，周日又增开了289趟列车以满足人们回家过年的需求。第一空，不定式作目的状

10、语；第二空，如今分词短语作后置定语，修饰those people。如今分词作宾语补足语如今分词作宾语补足语，宾语与它之间是主动关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语，用于以下复合构造中。1感官动词：see, hear, smell, feel, watch, observe, notice, find, catch.I hear someone knocking at the door.我听到有人正在敲门。I smell something burning in the kitchen.我闻到厨房里有东西烧着了。His letter left me feeling upset.他的信让我感到难过。在se

11、e, hear, feel, watch, observe等词后，即可以用如今分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进展。也可以用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的全过程。I saw a boy getting on the bus.我看见一个男孩正在上公共汽车。I saw a boy get on the bus.我看见一个男孩上了公共汽车。2使役动词：have, get, keep, leave, setIm sorry to have you waiting for such a long time.很抱歉让你一直等了这么久。Can you get the clock going ag

12、ain?你能让钟表再走起来吗？He was caught stealing a bike.他被抓住偷自行车。A cook will be immediately fired if he was found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked答案：B思路分析：“find后接如今分词作主语补足语。此句中“smoking是主语“he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。表示主动的正在发生的事。根据“immediately可判断出“厨师当场被发如今厨房吸烟会被立即开除。答案B。如今分词作状语如今分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、

13、条件、让步、方式、伴随、结果，可以转换成相应的状语从句。1如今分词作时间状语：1. 一般式：即动词的-ing形式，表示的动作一发生，谓语动词的动作紧接着发生，其动作发出者是句子的主语，此时的动词-ing形式相当于一个由when、while引导的时间状语从句。2. 完成式：动词-ing表示的动作完成后，谓语动词动作才发生。分词动作的发出者仍然是句子的主语。Comparing the differences of the two cultures, you may find that they have a lot in common. 当你比较两种文化的不同时，你可能会发现两者有很多的相似之处。

14、 Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play. = After he finished his homework, the boy went out to play. 完成作业后，男孩出去玩了。2如今分词作原因状语：均可转换为because引导的原因状语从句。动词-ing的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或紧接着发生，相当于一个原因状语从句；当动词-ing的动作发生于谓语动词表示的动作之前时，用完成式having done表示原因。Being a student, you should concentrate most of you

15、r attention on your study. 作为一名学生，你应该将主要的注意力集中在学习上。3如今分词作条件状语假如， 除非。如今分词作条件状语，多置于句首，相当于一个条件状语从句。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.沿着这条路一直走，你就会找到那家百货商店。4如今分词作让步状语：虽然，尽管，无论，不管。如今分词作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。有时如今分词可带有连词although, whether, even if, even though.Knowing all this, I st

16、ill want to see it for myself.尽管知道了一切情况，我还是想亲自去看一看。5如今分词作方式、伴随状语伴随谓语动作同时发生。主要用来说明动作发生的背景或状况。一般情况下，动词的-ing形式的动作与谓语的动作同时进展，其动作发出者就是句子的主语。谓语动词是主要动作，动词-ing是陪衬动作。伴随或方式状语位于句首或句中及句末均可。They came here running. 他们是跑着来的。The children played in the water, laughing and jumping. 孩子们在水里玩，又笑又跳。6如今分词作结果状语：表示自然而然的结果，而

17、不定式作结果状语那么表示出乎意料的结果。动词的-ing在句中作结果状语，通常位于句末并中间有逗号，相当于一个并列分句。为了强调语气，常在分词前加上thus, therefore等副词。往往指由于前面的动作或事件造成的相应的结果，没有完成式形式，只有一般式构造。【区别】动词不定式用结果状语与动词-ing形式作结果状语不同。动词不定式位于句末，其前常与only, never等副词连用，表示出乎意料的结果。My car was held up in the traffic jam, therefore causing the delay.=My car was held up in the traf

18、fic jam, therefore it caused the delay.=我的汽车遇到交通阻塞，因此耽误了。The old lady hurried to the market, only to find her money stolen on the bus.那个老太太匆匆赶到市场，结果却发现自己的钱在公共汽车上被盗了。“You cant catch me! Janet shouted, _ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran答案：B思路分析：“running away在此作“shouted的伴随状语，由珍妮特发出这一动作，故用如今分词。答案

19、B。1. Miss Li, _ with the company for over 10 years, is on the way to being promoted as manager of the sales department.A. having worked B. workedC. to have worked D. working2. _ quite well in the important exam, he came back home,_ and smiling.A. Having done; relaxedB. Having done; relaxingC. Having

20、 been done; relaxingD. Done; relaxed3. Mr. Smith often stays up,_ lessons, books spread all over the desk.A. preparing B. preparedC. to prepare D. prepares4. The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room.A. to make B. having made C. made D. making5. _ a written permission, he had to write another letter to the pr