牛津版广州版八年级英语上册unit-2课文重点、语法点分析与练习(共16页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第二讲Unit 2 Numbers【学习目标】 1.学习Uint 2的重难点词、短语、句型：2.情态动词should, ought to 的用法。【难点、重点分析】（一）、重点单词、短语1.Read a story about numbers.读一个关于数字的故事。 Number此处用作可数名词，意为“数字”。Number还可表示“号码”。 We often use Arabic numbers in our daily life. 在我们的日常生活中我们经常使用阿拉伯数字。 Whats your telephone number?你的电话号码是多少？ 拓展：numb

2、er还可用作及物动词，意为“标序号；给编号”。 Please number the pictures.请给这些照片编上序号。2.Check some Maths problems.检查一些数学题。 （1）.check及物动词，意为“检查；核实”。 Our teachers check our homework every day. 我们的老师们每天给我们检查作业。 Please check the answers.请核实答案。 拓展：check 的相关短语： Check in登记；检票 check out办请手续后离开 check up检查 （2）Problem可数名词，意为“问题，难题”。

3、He worked out the Maths problem.他算出了那道数学难题。 These are the problems of youth.这些是青少年的问题。 辨析：problem与question Problem多指有待解决的问题，特别是疑难或令人疑惑的事、人、或情况Solve the problem解决问题Deal with the problem处理问题Question意思相对广泛，指需要解决或解答的问题Ask questions问问题Answer the question回答这个问题【拓展】（1）.have problem（in）doing sth.做某事有困难 They

4、 have some problems (in) getting there on time.他们准时到达那儿有些困难。（2）.No problem.没问题。Can you help me ?你能帮助我吗？No problem.没问题。3.It is 17.8 centimetres long.它有17.8厘米长。 17.8 centimetres long 意为“17.8厘米长”。在英语中表示长、宽、高、面积等，通常用“基数词+单位名词 metre (s),foot/feet, centimeter(s)等+形容词（long, wide, high, 等）”。 The bridge is a

5、bout 50 metres long.这座桥大约50米长。 They are only 15centimetres wide.它们只有15厘米宽。 4.playing chess.下国际象棋。 Play chess是固定短语，意为“下国际象棋”，chess前不加任何冠词。 The children are learning to play chess.孩子们正学习下国际象棋。 【拓展】play用作动词时，有一下几种常见用法：（1）玩耍。此时play为不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语。The boy often plays in the street.这个男孩经常在街上玩耍。（2）打/踢球。后面

6、直接表示球类的名词。Play basketball打篮球 play volleyball打排球 play football踢足球（3）演奏乐器。表示西洋乐器的名词前加定冠词the.Play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin拉小提琴（4）玩耍；与玩耍。后接介词with。He often plays with his little sister.他经常和他的小妹妹玩。Dont play with fire.别玩火。5. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a G

7、ame.有一天，一位充满智慧的老者来到宫殿，国王向他挑战一次比赛。Challenge作动词时意为“向（某人）挑战；作名词时意为“挑战”Eg：I challenge the truth of your story.我对你说的情况表示怀疑。Wise是形容词，意为“有智慧的”。Eg：A wise woman never shows her smart.【拓展】：wisdom n.智慧 eg：Experience is the mother of wisdom.经验为智慧之母。 【Ex.1】完成句子1. 你为什么要检查卧室呢？Why do you _ the bedroom?2. 聪明的人总是能及时的

8、解决难题。Someone who is _always solve the _ in time.3. 你想向他挑战吗？Do you want to _ him?4. 这张书桌大约100厘米长The desk about100_ _.（二）.难句分析1.One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game.有一天，意为充满智慧的老者来到宫殿，国王向他挑战一次比赛。 (1).one day意为“有一天；某一天”。 Eg：one day, I met Mr Zhang in the stree

9、t and he looked sad. 有一天，我在街上遇见了张先生，他看起来很悲伤。 【注意】one day和some day都可以表示“某一天”，但one day 既可指“过去的某一天”，也可指“将来的某一天”，而some day只表示“将来的某一天”。Eg：I think ,y dream will come true one day /some day.我想我的梦想有一天会实现。Eg：One day, the old man was very ill.有一天，那位老人病的很严重。(2).challenge及物动词，意为“向（某人）挑战”。Challengeto表示“想某人挑战”。Eg

10、：Do you want to challenge him?你想向他挑战吗？Eg：My father challenged me to a table tennis game.父亲向我挑战一场乒乓球比赛。2.If I win the game, Id like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for second,如果我比赛赢了，棋盘的第一个方格我要一粒米，第二个我要两粒米，第三个方格我要四粒If引导的条件状语从句引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,常用的if条件状语从句表示在某种条件下，某件事很可能发

11、生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。Eg：If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。Eg：If you have finished the homework you can go home. 如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。另外，If从句还可以表示不可能实现的条件或根本不存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。Eg：If I were you , I would invite him to the party. 如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。Eg：I would

12、have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic. 要不是交通堵塞，我本会来的早一些。另外还要注意if条件句的时态搭配有以下几种情况：（1） if 从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，eg：If he runs, hell get there in time.如果他跑着去，就会及时赶到那儿。（2） If 从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can,Eg:If it stops snowing, we can go out. (3) If 从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should, Eg :If yo

13、u want to lose weight, you must/should eat less bread. 如果你要减肥，你必须少吃面包。 (4) if 从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时， Eg：If you heat ice, it turns to water.（也可用will turn） 如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。 (5) if 从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时， Eg：If you are looking for Peter, youll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。（6） if 从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时， Eg：If yo

14、u have finished dinner, Ill ask the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账。 在if引导的条件状语从句的位置灵活，可直接放在主句后面。若if条件句放句首，从句后面要加逗号，和主句隔开。还要注意时态一致原则。 巧记if用法口诀： If条件句不一般，几个要点记心间； 条件句，放在前，逗号要放句中间。 条件句表可能，主句多用将来时；条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。3.Wouldt you like gold or silver instead?难道你不想要金子或银子代替？Instead副词，意为“代替；顶替”。She is ver

15、y busy. Lets go instead.她太忙了，还是让我们去吧。【辨析】instead与instead ofinstead代替，顶替位于句首或末Instead of代替，而不是后接名词、代词、动名词Instead Ill stay at home and do my homework.相反，我会待在家里做作业。Ill read newspapers instead of seeing a film.我将看报纸而不是看电影。4.The king quickly realized the problem国王很快意识到了问题Realized是动词realize的过去式。Realize及物动

16、词，意为“认识到；意识到”，常见用法有：(1)realize+n.At last she realized her mistakes.最后她意识到了她的错误。(2) realize+that从句 I realized that it was time to go to school.我意识到该上学了。(3)realize+疑问句+其他I dont think you realize how important this is to her.我认为你没有意识到这对她有多重要。5.he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squar

17、es!他仍然没有足够的大米放在所有的方格上！ Enough此处用作形容词，意为“充足的；足够的”。可接可数名词或不可数名词。它放到名词前面或后面都可以。 He doesnt have enough time/time enough to finish the work.他没有足够的时间去完成这项工作。 【拓展】enough做副词时，意为“足够地，十分”，通常用于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。 Eg：The boy is strong enough to lift the box.这个男孩很强壮，能举起这个箱子。6.I can teach you how to make more money if

18、you promise to follow my advice,如果你承诺采纳我的建议，我可以教你如何去赚更多的钱。（1）How to make more money是“疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”结构，意为“如何去赚更多的钱”，在句中作teach 的宾语。疑问代词或副词what/who/whom/which/where/when/how后跟动词不定式（短语），常用作动词know/tell/ask/teach等的宾语。He asked me where to park his car.他问我该把他的车停在哪里。Could you please teach me how to make a ho

19、me page?你能教我如何制作主页吗？(2)advice不可数名词，意为“建议”。表示“一条建议”用a/one piece of advice,表示一些建议用some advice。 Eg：Ill give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog. 我将给你一些怎样照顾你的宠物的建议。 【拓展】:（1）.advice的常用搭配： Give sb. Some advice/give some advice to sb.给某人一些建议 Ask for advice征求意见 follow/take sbs advice接受某人的建议 （2

20、）.advice动词，意为“建议”，后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式作宾语，也可用于advice sb.(not)to do sth.结构，意为“建议某人不要做某事”。 She advice us to wait (for) one more day.她建议我们再等一天。 【Ex.2】单项选择1. If our government_ pay attention to the safety of food, our health_ in danger.A. isnt; is B. doesnt; will be C. wont; is D. isnt; will be2. My brother

21、 want to_ his classmate to a computer game.A. Is challenge B. challenge to C. challenge with D. challenge3. Would you _some bread?A. likes B. like to C likes to D. like4. I will read newspapers _ _ seeing a film.A. instead B. instead of C. no only D. not to5. The dining hall is_ to hold 300 people.A

22、. enough B. enough small C. small enough D. big enough6. I dont know how to keep healthy, can you give me_?A. an advice B. lots of advices C. a few advices D. some advice三学习语法：（一）基数词的构成最基本的基数词如下表，其他的数词都可由这些词1 10 11? 19 20-90 100以上1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 11 eleven 12 t

23、welve 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 100 a/one hundred 1, 000 a/one thousand 1, 000, 000 a/one million 1, 000, 000, 000 a/ one billion （美） a/one thousand9 nine 10 ten 19 nineteen 90 ninetymill

24、ion（英） （二）其他基数词的构成：(1)21 99的两位数，在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成。如：53 fifty-three(2)101999的三位数，由hundred加and再加两位数或末位数。如：325 three hundred and twenty-five（三）基数词的用法(1)当hundred, thousand, million, billion等和of连用，表示粗略的数目时，须用复数。如：hundreds of people数以百计的人但如果hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词或several时，须用单数：six hund

25、red people 600人(2)表示数字的词，如：dozen （十二）和score （二十）等，常按以上规则处理：dozens of eggs成打的鸡蛋six dozen eggs六打鸡蛋(3)表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时，用逢十的基数词的复数。如：in the thirties在30年代in his fifties在他50多岁时(4)与基数词合成的复合定语，其中的名词用单数。如：a three-month-old baby三个月大的婴儿a five-year plan一个五年计划(5)乘法运算的表示法，单复数均可：3x5 = 15 Three multiplied by five is

26、 (are) fifteen. 二、序数词序数词一般以与之相应的基数词加词尾-th构成，但要注意一些特殊形式。见下表：阿拉伯数字基数词序数词序数词缩略式1 one first 1st2 two second 2nd3 three third 3rd5 five fifth 5th8 eight eighth 8th9 nine ninth 9th12 twelve twelfth 12th20 twenty twentieth 20th21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st22 twenty-two twenty-second 22nd23 twenty-th

27、ree twenty-third 23 rd序数词的用法作主语   e.g. The third of the month was a holiday.作表语   e.g. Who was the third?作定语   e.g. We live on the fifth floor.作宾语   e.g. I was among the first to learn of this.作同位语 e.g. Who is that man, the first in the front row?作状语 

28、0;  e.g. When did you first meet him?注：有时序数词并不指顺序，而是表示"再一，又一"的意思。此时序数词前要加不定冠词e.g. I want to make a second try.特别提示以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i, 再加-eth。其他序数词的构成(1)几十几及以上的序数词，其中十位数或百位数、千位数等用基数词，只有个位数才用序数词。如：128th: one hundred and twenty-eighth752nd: seven hundred and fifty-second(2)hundred, th

29、ousand, million的序数词均在基数词后加-th构成，即hundredth, thousandth, millionth。三、数词的应用（一）倍数表示法(1)倍数用在形容词原级比较的第一个as前面。如：I have twice as many books as you do. 我的书是你的书的两倍。(2)倍数用在表示度量的名词前。如：The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍大。此时它的基本结构为“倍数 + the + 度量名词 + of + 表示比较对象”的名词，它也可以用于倍数 + what引导的从句中。如：The

30、length of the railway is three times what it was ten years ago. 这条铁路的长度是它十年前的三倍。(3)倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级或by + 倍数放在比较级后。如：This building is twice higher than that one. 这个建筑物比那个建筑物高两倍。We produced more cars in 2000 than those in 1999 by twice. 我们2000年出产的小汽车是1999年的两倍。(4)表示倍数也可用again, double等词。如：My uncle is as o

31、ld again as I am. 我叔叔的年龄比我大一倍。The top-brand cigarettes are often sold at double the normal price here. 这里名牌香烟售价经常比正常价格高一倍。（二）分数表示法(1)分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如：one-fourth(a quarter)四分之一，two-fifths五分之二(2)分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子、分母都用基数词。如：one in ten十分之一，four in five五分之四(3)分子与分母之间加out of, 分子在前，分母在后，

32、分子、分母都用基数词，如：one out of ten十分之一，four out of five五分之四（三）小数表示法小数的表示法，小数点前的部分同其他数词一样，小数点用point, 小数点后面的数都把它读成个位数，如：8.73表示为eight point seven three21.25表示为twenty-one point two five136.45表示为one hundred and thirty-six point four five（四）百分数表示法表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面。如：twenty percent百分之二十seventy-five percent百

33、分之七十五特别提示分数和百分数后面不能直接跟名词或代词，而应是“分数或百分数 + of + 冠词或限定词 + 名词或代词”，其谓语动词与of后面的名词在人称和数上保持一致。如：Two-fifths of the money was spent on books. 五分之二的钱用在买书上。（五）约数表示法(1)用ten, dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million等数词的复数加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、上万、几百万等约数的概念。如：I bought dozens of pencils last year. 去年我买了几十支铅笔。Hundreds of

34、students were planting trees on the hill on Tree-Planting Day. 植树节那天有好几百名学生在山上植树。Scores of police are sent to help the people in the flood. 几十名警察被派去帮助灾区的人民。(2)用more than, over, above, beyond, or more等来表示多于某个数目。如：Our school has a history of more than sixty years. 我校有六十多年的历史。(3)用less than, under, belo

35、w, or less, almost, nearly, up to等来表示小于或接近某数目。如：How can you finish your home work in less than half an hour? 你怎么能在半小时之内就完成你的作业呢？(4)用or, or so, about, around, some, more or less等表示在某一数目左右。如：The doctor spent four or five hours performing the operation. 那医生花了四五个小时做这个手术。(5)用to, from. . to, between. and表

36、示介于两数词之间。如：I will be back in two to three weeks. 我两到三周后就回来。（六）时刻表示法1.表示整点用基数词加o'clock构成，o'clock也可省略，介词用at. 8: 00读作：eight o'clock （或eight）We often get up at six (o'clock). 我们经常6: 00起床。2.表示“几点过几分”用past, 但分数必须在半小时以内（包括半小时）。8: 05读作：five past eight （或eight five或eight o five）8: 15读作：f

37、ifteen past eight （或a quarter past eight或eight fifteen）8: 30读作：half past eight （或eight thirty）3.表示“几点差几分”用介词to, 但分数必须在半小时以上（不包括半小时）8: 40读作：twenty to nine（或eight forty）8: 45读作：fifteen to nine（或a quarter to nine或eight forty-five）8: 55读作：five to nine（或eight fifty-five）（七）编号表示法1.基数词和序数词可以表示事物的编号。着重编号，用“

38、名词 + 基数词”；着重顺序，用“序数词 + 名词”。如：Lesson One = the first lesson第一课Chapter Four = the fourth chapter第四章2.国王等的头衔通常用罗马数字表示。如：Charles V查理五世3.电话号码读法。如：Tel. No. 797-7936或Telephone number797-7936读作：Telephone number seven nine seven seven nine three six4.其他号码读法。如：Room 111 111房间（读作：room one one one）Bus (No. ) 102

39、 102路车（读作：bus (number） one o two)page 176第176页（读作：page one hundred and seventy-six或page one seventy-six或page one seven six）（八）年、月、日表示法1.表示年份用基数词，先读前一位或两位数，再读后两位数。350 B. C. 公元前350年，读作：three fifty B. C. 或three hundred and fifty B. C. 576 A. D. （或A. D. 576）公元576年读作：five seventy-six A. D. （A. D. 在不

40、会误解的情况下可省略）1978 1978年读作：nineteen seventy-eight1900 1900年读作：nineteen hundred1806 1806年读作：eighteen hundred (and) six2001 2001年读作：(year) two thousand(and) one2.表示年代、世纪1980s（或1980's） 20世纪80年代，读作：the nineteen eightiesthe 21st century （或the twentieth century） 21世纪the sixties 60年代3.表示月份月份为专有名词，第一个字母须大写

41、，书写时可用缩写形式：1月January (Jan. )2月February(Feb. )3月March (Mar. )4月April (Apr. )5月May6月June7月July8月August (Aug. )9月September(Sept. )10月October (Oct. )11月November(Nov. )12月December (Dec. )4.表示年、月、日“年”用基数词,“日”用序数词。如： 1979年5月4日，写作：May 4th, 1979，读作：May the fourth, nineteen seventy-nine，或：the fourth of May ni

42、neteen seventy-nine【Ex.3】单项选择1. Please turn to _.A. Page 11   B. the 11 th pageC. page 11   D. page the 11 th2. At night we can see _ stars in the sky.A. thousands and thousands of     B. thousand and thousands ofC. a thousand and thousands   &#

43、160;   D. thousand and thousand3. There are some _ in our classroom.A. hundred of books     B. the hundreds of books C. hundreds of books   D. hundred of book4. _ visitors come to Xingyi during May Day holidays every year.A. Thousands of   B. Two tho

44、usands     C. Thousand of   D. Thousand5. - How was your weekend?-Great! It was my grandfather's      birthday. We enjoyed ourselves.A. seventy B. seventieth C. the seventieth      D. Seventeenth6. About _of the stud

45、ents in Grade Nine this year were born in the_.A. three five; 1996.  B. three fifths; 1990s  C. third fifth; 1997.  D. third fifths; 1990s7. He wrote his _ novel when he was _.A. five; fifties   B. fifth; fifty   C. fifth; fiftieth8.Let me tell you _news about cell

46、phones(手机)-Apple asks Samsung to stop copying, and hundreds of people lined up to buy iPhone 4S. A.a    B.many   C.some    D.few9. May is the _ month of a year.A. fifty        B. fifteen      

47、60; C.fifth        D. five10. A _girl named Dong Xinyi looked after her disabled father.A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. three years old 11. I'm 13 years old and my sister is 15 years old. So my sister is _ years older than me.A. one  

48、0;       B. two     C. three    D. fourUnit 2 单元测试一单项选择题1. There are _ days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five2. There are_ students i

49、n this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six3._people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of2).There are two_ people in the meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundre

50、ds of D. hundred of3). Every year _ watch NBA on TV.A. million people B. millions of peopleC. millions people D. million of people4. _ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of5. Look! There are _ in the sky.A. thous

51、and stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star6. My brother is in_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade  one7. We are going to learn_ this term.A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six3). Please

52、 turn to_. Let's read the text aloud.A. Page Two . B. the page two C. second page D. page second8. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six   hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thous

53、and six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five9. "The year 1999" should be read "The year_". A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen   ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine10. He

54、 will come here _ tomorrow morning.A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth11. Every day he begins to do his homework _.A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventh D. until ten12. He was doing some washing _.A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eightC. yesterda

55、y morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning13. He began to work there_.A. on his fifty   B. at age of fifty    C. when he fifty D. in his fifties14. They moved to Beijing _A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 ' C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980's二语法填空：阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯

56、的要求，给每道题选出最佳选项。Traffic rules are made（制订） to keep order of the road .Every year 1 of people died or get hurt on the road in China . Please remember ：Keep to the 2 on the road .There are rules to make the roads 3 ., but people dont always obey the rules . They are careless .If everybody obeys the rules , the roads willbe 4 safer. If you like 5 a bike , dont ride in the middle of the road . When you ride a bike with a friend , dont look