语法填空专项训练---非谓语动词

1、语法填空专项训练 -非谓语动词非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点,每年高考至少有 1道题。不仅如此,掌握非谓语动词的基本用法,对增强 书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。首先,我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能 (在句中充当何种成分 : 考点 1:作主语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用 -ing ;表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用 to do 。考点 2:作表语(1 动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。(2分词作表语则说明主语的性质,像 puzzling, surprising, exciting 等 -ing 分词表示 “ 令人 的 (事物 ” ;像 puzzled, surp

2、rised, excited等 -ed 分词表示 “(人 感到 的 ” 。考点 3:作宾语(1有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如 refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等。 (类似动词和短语动词还有哪 些?请补上 (2有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如:keep, allow, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, suggest等。 (类似动词和短语动词还有哪些?请补上 (3 在表示 “ 需要 ” 的

3、 need, want和 require 等后用 -ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义,也可用不定式的被动式。(4在 forget, remember, regret, mean, try等动词后既可接动名词,也可接不定式,但意义差别较大。(5在介词之后用动名词作宾语。 注意 to 是介词的短语, 如 be /get used to, be accustomed to(习惯于 , contribute to , devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to等。(6含介词的固定句式:prevent /stop /ke

4、ep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止 做 spend /waste time or money in doing 在做 方面花费 /浪费时间或金钱have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做 方面有些困难there is no sense in doing做 是没有理由 /道理的(7介词后一般只能接动名词, 但在表示 “ 除 外 ” 的介词 but 和 except 后, 有时可接不定式; 当前面有行为动词 do 时,不定式不带 to ;前面没有行为动词 do 时,要带 to 。考点 4:作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时,用不定

5、式 (未来或全过程 或 -ing 形式 (正在进行或一直处于某种状 态 ;当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时,用 -ed 形式。请注意复习以下 6点:(1在 ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等动词后,用带 to 的不定式作宾补。(2在 help 后作宾补的不定式带不带 to 均可。(3在 make, let, have等使役动词和 feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官动词后,一般用不带 to 的不定式作宾补,但在 其被动式后作主语补足语时,要加上 to 。(4在 with 的宾语后,若用 -ed 形式

6、,表示宾语与 -ed 形式在逻辑上是被动关系,且意味着该动作已经完成;若用 -ing 形式,表示宾语与 -ing 形式在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示动作持续进行。(5get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事 (主动、将来 ; get/havedoing 使 处于某一状态中 (主动、持续 ; getdone=have sth. done请人做 /遭受 (被动 。(6 make oneself 后常用 understood, heard, seen, known等作宾补,表示让别人明白自己的意思 /让自己讲的话被别人 听到 /让自己被别人看到 /让自己被别人

7、认识。考点 6:作定语(1动词不定式作定语:常放在所修饰的名词之后,表示一个将来的动作,多用来修饰 have 、 there be 、 with 之后的 名词,表示 “ 有 要 ” ;或修饰 “the+序数词 ” 。(2分词作定语:被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系,用 -ing 形式,是被动关系时用 -ed 形式。考点 7:特殊句式Why not do sth.? =Why dont you do sth.?何不做某事呢?had better (not do sth.最好 (不 做某事would rather (not do sth.宁愿 (不 做某事would do A rather than

8、do B= would rather do A than do B= prefer to do A rather than do B= prefer doing A to doing B 宁做 A 事不做 B 事考点 8:独立结构(1 -ing 形式的独立成分:judging by /from(根据 判断 , generally speaking(一般说来 , strictly speaking(严格说来 , frankly speaking(坦率地说 等。(2不定式的独立结构:to tell you the truth(和你说实话吧 , to make things worse(情况更糟的是

9、 等。(3用作介词或连词的 considering(考虑到,就 而言 和 given(考虑到 后接名词或 that 从句。解题技巧解答语法填空时,首先分析句子结构,若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时,所给动词必定用非谓语动词;然后分 析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分,初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式;最后再根据非谓语动 词各自的特点和用法,同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求,再结合与逻辑主语的关系,确定该填哪种形式。另外,在确定用 -ing 形式还是用 -ed 形式,用 to do还是用 to be done时,都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关 系还是被动关系来确定的。那么,如何找

10、出非谓语动词的逻辑主语?这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关,详见 下表: 例 1the proverb, “plucking up a crop(help it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008年广东 分析:因句中已有谓语 is based,而 “plucking up a crop32 (help it grow” 是 the proverb的同位语,是一个名 词短语而非同位语从句,因此, help 应是非谓语动词; “ 帮助禾苗长 ” 是 “ 将禾苗拨起来 ” 的目的,作目的状语,用动 词不定式,故填 to help。例 _ (se

11、ttle into a tiny but clean room(2007年广东 分析:因句中已有谓语 was getting,所以 settle 应是非谓语动词;又由 settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处 可知, me 与 settle 是被动关系,要用过去分词用宾补,故填 settled 。一、单句填空:用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. _ (walk is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国 2. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his

12、opinions. Its no use _(argue with him. (上海 3. Please remain _(seat; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁 4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke here. (江苏 5. It is difficult to imagine his _(accept the decision without any consideration. (陕西 6. I cant stand _(work with Jane

13、in the same office. She just refuses _(stop talking while she works. (北 京 7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _ (repair. (陕西 8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ (live alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (湖南 9. Robe

14、rt is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _(not take his advice! (安徽 10. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ (get her permission for things, think again. (湖南 11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _(open and close could be heard outside the classroom.

15、 (全国 12. They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed to _ (not talk at meals. (江苏 13. Isn't it time you got down to _(mark the papers? (重庆 14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set up some schools for poor children. (上海 15. She looks forward every spring to _ (walk in

16、 the flower-lined garden. (上海 16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time _ (pass the exam. (福建 17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _ (watch TV. (上海 18. I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _ (happen again. (全国 19. Did

17、 you have trouble in_ (find the post office? (全国 20. Sandy could do nothing but _ (admit to his teacher that he was wrong. (上海 21. I smell something _ (burn in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全国 22. Dont leave the water _ (run while you brush your teeth. (天津 23. It was so cold that th

18、ey kept the fire _ (burn all night. (全国 24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry out the next year. (全国 25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ (speak as much as we can. (江苏 26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries

19、 to make them _(interest in his lectures. (江苏 27. Energy drinks are not allowed _(make in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海 28. My advisor encouraged me _(take a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京 29. My parents have always made me _(feel good about myself, even when I

20、was twelve. (江苏 30. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ (grow up from childhood. (全国 31. The mother felt herself _ (grow cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (上海 32. Paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn. He always works hard. (全国 33. Come on, please give

21、me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ (fill my mind, I almost break down. (福建 34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ (finish, he gladly accepted it. (安徽 35. With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上

22、海 36. The director had her assistant _(pick up some hot dogs for the meeting. (全国 37. Did Peter fix the computer himself? He had it _(fix, because he doesnt know much about computers. (安徽 38. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ (improve in a short period.

23、 (福建 39. Helen had to shout to make herself _ (hear above the sound of the music. (广西 40. Peter received a letter just now _(say his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川 41. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ (move, and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南 42. _(walk in th

24、e fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (安徽 43. _ (wait in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (福建 44. _ (blame for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建 45. He hurried to the bo

25、oking office only _ (tell that all the tickets had been sold out. (陕西 46. European football is played in 80 countries, _ (make it the most popular sport in the world. (全国 47. You were silly not _(lock your car. (湖南 48. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _(breathe. (宁夏

26、 49. _ (complete the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (湖南 50. When _ (ask why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (江西 51. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water every day. (四川 52. When _(compare different cultures, we

27、 often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江 53. The last one _(arrive pays the meal. Agree! (全国 54. The trees _(blow in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南 55. Can those _ (seat at the back of the classroom hear me? (福建 56. Reading is an experienc

28、e quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ (form in your mind instead of before your eyes. (广西 57. Its a long time since I saw my sister. (全国 Why not _(visit her this weekend?58. _ (search the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南 59. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _(f