BusinessEnglishlanguageandtranslation

1、 高等教育自学考试毕业论文封面市地：济南市 2014年 3月31日专 业 商务英语姓 名刘瑞军联系电话准考证号通讯地址济南市市中区杨家庄路十号济南长城炼油厂邮 编250022论文题目商务英语语言特色与翻译Business English language and translation论文页数 指导教师 崔靖靖指导教师评估签 名评 审 意 见签 名答辩评估签 名毕业考核成绩主考院校签章年 月 日商务英语的语言特色与翻译摘 要商务英语作为一门独立学科在各方面已经日渐成熟并不断的完善中，并且渗入到涉外经济交流中的细节中，处理好商务合同以及商务文书的翻译，已经非常重要。商务英语的语言特征包括它的专业

2、性，规范性，词汇的构成风格，简洁紧凑和修辞特征，在了解其语言特点的基础上本论文从专业性及其功能性引入，借鉴了英语翻译的一般技巧、列举了商务文书书面语和习语的翻译，翻译时要注重事实与逻辑，要准确翻译商务词义，句与句之间逻辑关系要表达清晰突出，内容正确无误，数据准确精密，文字简洁明了,认识商务英语的特质加以理解并灵活运用，使商务英语的翻译能够符合准确性实用性，客观性及地道性的翻译原则。关键词：商务英语语言特色；翻译技巧；专业词汇；习语Business English Language and TranslationABSTRACTBusiness English as an independent

3、 discipline has matured in all aspects through continuous improvement, and seep into the details of foreign exchange in the economy, Dealing with business contracts and translation of business documents, has been very important. Business English language features, include its professional, normative

4、 vocabulary constitute style, simple and compact rhetorical features of this thesis from the introduction of professional and functional characteristics in understanding the basis of their language, and learn the English translation of the general skills, written and business documents cited transla

5、tion of idioms, understanding the nature of business English can meet the accuracy of the English translation of practicality, objectivity and authentic nature of translation principles. This article from the discussion related to four aspects ,namely Business English language features ,translation

6、skills ,professional vocabulary and idioms.Keywords: Business English language features; translation skills; professional vocabulary; idioms CONTENTSIntroduction 6Chapter One About Business English 6I. The Definition of the Business English 6II. Language Features 6i. The Specialization of Business E

7、nglish Vocabulary and its Contents6ii. The Standardization and Formalization of Business English Vocabulary in Language Style 7iii. Official and Rigorous 7iv. The Conciseness and Tightness of Business English Sentence 7v. The Rhetoric Features of Business English 7III. The Culture Differences on Bus

8、iness English Idioms 7i. Tantamount to meaning the same 7ii. Tantamount to define different 7iii. Meaning the same shape different 7iv. Passive/active and passive conversions 7v. Static/dynamic and the parts of speech conversion method 7. Chapter Two Business English Translations SkillsI. Translatio

9、n technique 8i. Hypotaxis/parataxis and ellipsis ,lexica 8ii Heavy and complicated is simple and resolution/ consolidation method 8iii. Said /person and subject transformation 9iv. Passive/active and passive conversions 9v. Static/dynamic and the parts of speech conversion method 9vi Abstract/concre

10、te and conversion method .9vii Replace/repeat 9.II. Conceptual Integration 9i. Professional integration 10ii. Logic Integration . 10iii The integration of cultural concept10Chapter Three Criteria 10I. translation must be accurate 10II. translation must be unified 11Conclusion 11Bibliography 12Acknow

11、ledgements 13首字母大写Introduction这一部分至少半页纸Business English is an international English language and cross-disciplinary business, both related to the culture of English language skills, but also to grasp the business expertise made high demands, is the ability to combine two or more concentrated express

12、ion. Business English language has its own unique characteristics, in the translation process you need to follow some of the principles and strategies accordingly. With the accelerating pace of integrative global economic, international business activities have become more and more popular. Business

13、 English has great effect on international politics, economics, culture and technology, especially on the importation of foreign technology, foreign trade and investment promotion. Thus, Business English translation has a lot of matter in international affairs with its contribution to establishing c

14、ommunication bridges for different countries. Strong knowledge of be ,mainly to finance trade and more ,marketing ,business management and public relations aspects of learning objects ,Its a dedicated global business activities in English ,is a situation of economic globalization , an indispensable

15、means of communication .To learn the culture of the West also has great significance ,such as Western management philosophy ,and foreign exchanges and cooperation in foreign human psychology and methods of work and other western cultures. Chapter One About Business EnglishIt is the very nature of th

16、eir language in the business - the economic and trade fields often used to reflect this.A field of professional activities of English vocabulary, sentence structure, style and other organic combined. Only when we know this well , can we use it correctly. As follows we start to inspect something abou

17、t this on language characteristics. I. The Definition of Business English 多引用不同学者对商务英语的定义，选择一个更适合的定义Business English is the English variant of a social function, is a branch of English for specific purpose, is English used in business occasions, and is a kind of Standard English containing a variety

18、 of business activities and suiting the need of commerce.(Fan Feiran and Zhoubin,2006:10). Business should include language knowledge, communication skills ,cultural awareness and other core content .English used in technology imports ,foreign trade, foreign-related insurance ,international transpor

19、t, foreign labor service contracts and other business activities can be collectively referred to as Business English. (Nick Brieger ,1997)Business English is the English variant of a social function, is a branch of English for specific purpose,. Business English should include Language knowledge, La

20、nguage knowledge), Communication Skills, Communication Skills), Professional knowledge, Professional Content), Management Skills, Management Skills, and Cultural background, Cultural Awareness, and other core Content" (to purples, 2000:21).II. Language Features首字母大写 Featuresnot only need to und

21、erstand culture of other countries ,the laws of other countries should have a thorough understanding of ,so as to effectively safeguard their legitimate rights and interests ,for the conduct of trading activities provide a strong legal guarantee.i. The Specialization of Business English Vocabulary a

22、nd Its ContentsThe biggest feature of business English in vocabulary use is using precise professional vocabulary, including a lot of professional words, compound words, abbreviations with business meaning and so on. Extensive use of common terms and abbreviations ,can reduce the tone of the strong

23、degree ,more likely to be accepted, is a very useful translation skills .Commonly used terms of prices such as F O B, C I F have their specific professional content.ii. The Standardization and Formalization of Business English Vocabulary in Language StyleThe Specialization of Business English Vocabu

24、lary and Its ContentsCommonly used terms of prices such as F O B, C I F have their specific professional content.The biggest feature of business English in vocabulary use is using precise professional vocabulary, including a lot of professional words, compound words, abbreviations with business mean

25、ing and so on. (ZhangXin hong,2003:25) The Standardization and Formalization of Business English Vocabulary in Language StyleTransmission of information ,it should minimize the use of long sentences , the minimum degree of misunderstanding ,through the use of strong logical terms ,the message you wa

26、nt concise ,complete and clearly expressed .For example, using “expiry” but not “end”, using “certify” but not “prove” and so on这一部分太少了，你觉得这样写合适吗？iii Official and rigorousBusiness English vocabulary ,language ,form and content are determined by their professions ,different professions will have diff

27、erent specialized vocabulary and language forms .The logic expression is prominently featured in business English documents and contracts, especially in the expression about time and number. e.g.iv. The Conciseness and Tightness of Business English SentenceBusiness English is a practical and timelin

28、ess of strong language ,are practical style .BE expressions with the contents of the file has a highly targeted ,thus requiring business to be very formal English style ,a more rigorous and concise language ,without deliberately seeking expressions of artistic beauty .v The Rhetoric Features of Busi

29、ness EnglishThe rhetoric means of business English is widely used in commercial advertisement, such as simile, metaphor, personification, pun, repetition, parallelism, rhyme, hyperbole, contrast, synecdoche, metonymy, analogy and so on. BE in the use of rhetorical devices less .and require as little

30、 as possible with the adverbial clauses ,attributive clause and other clauses ,but also to control the use of the phrase ,focusing on the language simple and clear .同样的问题，多补充一些，你看我发给你范文，人家是怎么写的III. The Culture differences on Business English idioms Should not understand a countrys culture and custom

31、s ,laws and regulations or the peoples lifestyle, and other cultural expressions ,they can not talk during the business will not be well received in the trust of others .when business English translation ,we must fully understand the foreign culture.Idioms and phrases which have shown a strict corre

32、spondence language ,concise characteristics . containing a variety of business activities and suiting the need of commerce Business English language with simple ,clear features ,making the writing business documents ,the clause should be mastered harmony sentence translation method.i. Tantamount to

33、meaning the sameThis kind of idioms in meaning and usage, in such aspects as semantics, cultural connotation and rhetoric should be relatively. That is to say, this kind of idioms not only has the same meaning and rhetorical devices, and have the same or roughly the same metaphor imageLook before yo

34、u leap. “san si er hou xing”Still water run deep. “jing shui liu shen ”A good anvil does not fear the hammer. “hao zhan bu pa chui ”Strike the iron while it is hot. “chen re da tie ”ii. Tantamount to define differentSome similarities between such idioms form, but its expression significance and cult

35、ural connotation is very different, often is "image, the eye".“Childs play ” In English it means very easy to do, while in Chinese it means “er xi ” means irresponsible and not serious“Eat ones words English ” English is to take back what she or he said ,while in Chinese it means someone w

36、ho cant keep his or her words .iii. Meaning the same shape differentSuch idioms different rhetoric and cultural image, but to express the meaning of the same or similar,.“fo yao jin zhuang ,ren kao yi zhuang” Fine feathers make fine birds. “ai wu ji wu” Love me, love my dog. “mo re shi fei ” Let sle

37、eping dogs lie. “qi feng dui shou ”Diamond cut diamond. A wonder lasts but nine days. “tan hua yi xian ”bark up the wrong tree “bu feng zhuo ying ”plentiful as black berries “duo ru niu mao ”a lion in the way “lan lu hu ”put the cart before the horses “ben mo dao zhi ”多充实，下文也是如此，充实好了再发过来，如果自己的英文水平不行

38、，可以引用其他文章的，只是改动里面的一些词汇，或用同义词代替，不要自己编英语句子，错误连篇，根本没法看，一句话一句话的改，等于我 给你写论文Chapter Two Factors Affecting the Business English TranslationsThe biggest feature of business English in vocabulary use is using precise professional vocabulary, including a lot of professional words, compound words, abbreviation

39、s with business meaning and so on.” Transmission of information ,it should minimize the use of long sentences , the minimum degree of misunderstanding ,through the use of strong logical terms ,the message you want concise ,complete and clearly expressed .I Translation technique Business English tran

40、slation requirements are accurate , unification and faithful. The so-called faithful , mainly refers to international trade ,the two sides during the trading activities ,must have a loyal attitude.Trading activities on the economy has absolute faith ,concealment and deception should not be ,in good

41、faith towards each other ,the so-called accurate ,mainly refers to the data provided to be very accurate with no errorsi. Hypotaxis/parataxis and ellipsis ,lexicaBoth parataxis and hypotaxis are methods for organizing languages, and they are the methods which not only have their own characteristics

42、but also can be well get with each other from meanings to the detailed types of languages. For parataxis and hypotaxis, some experts have made some wonderful metaphors, such as, the English sentence is like a tree, a bunch of grapes, a tree of lynches, while the Chinese sentence is like a bamboo, a

43、dish of pearl. The progress of translating Chinese into English is like translating something like bamboo into something like the big tree.eg. As this product is in great demand and the supply is limited we would recommend that you accept this offer as soon as possible . (The product in demand , is

44、limited ,should be quick to accept the offer as well.)ii.Heavy and complicated is simple and resolution/ consolidation methodBusiness English is mainly used in countries around the world for foreign trade activities, mainly used to convey the message and clear responsibilities and obligations.Eg. Th

45、ere is an argument to made that the gap will widen over time if developed countries and international organizations do not move faster to narrow the gaps and bring in policies that will benefit all the peoples of the world.(Theres a kind of view, if the developed countries and international organiza

46、tions to take action to close the gap faster ,establishing policies to benefit ,the people of the world ,then ad time goes on ,the gap will be expanded.)iii. Said /person and subject transformationEg. Its recommended that business travelers prepare for country visits by reading travel guides.(We sug

47、gest that business travel guides prepared to visit countries.)iii. Passive/active and passive conversionsOften use the passive form of the verbsEg. All the local travel abroad need a valid passport. A valid passport is required for all travel overseas.iv. Static/dynamic and the parts of speech conve

48、rsion methodEg. American firms must pay close attention to different styles of doing business .(American firms must pay close attention to the different ways of doing business.)vi Abstract/concrete and conversion methodEg. Liberalization of international economic system was widely perceived as a way

49、 to avoid recurrence of a similar calamity .(Its generally believed that one way to avoid such a disaster happened again is to broaden the international economic systemvii Replace/repeatEg. Many countries require a visa, and are not allowed to get visa by department of passport. Foreign embassy in C

50、hina or consulate visa, and charge a fee。(Visas are required by many countries and cannot be obtained through the office of passport services. They are pro-vided by the foreign countrys embassy or consulate in China for a small fee.)II. Conceptual Integration During the process of English-Chinese tr

51、anslation, in addition to master a certain amount of professional words conceptual structure, guide students to establish a related term is composed of system of semantic association, will be great help to the understanding of the source language text.i. Professional integrationBecause of the differ

52、ent culture and language differences, different nationalities of different psychological feeling, on the same thing in a special language concept in another language often appear semantic gap and understanding on the backii Logic IntegrationBetween English and Chinese from the perspective of cogniti

53、ve linguistics, conceptual structure transformation is the switch of two kinds of thinking mode, namely on the basis of a correct semantic interpretation by a kind of thinking mode into another kind of thinking mode.iii The integration of cultural conceptFrom a macro on syntax, semantics, pragmatics

54、, logic and social culture factors such as integrating dynamic recursion, also want to seek from the micro translation with the original unity of form and meaningIt needs association on texts near the vocabulary. Functional equivalence should be pay special attention to Chapter Three Translation Cri

55、teria In 1898, Yan Fu has established three- character standard in translation, that is, faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. Faithfulness requires that the meaning in the target language should be faithful to the meaning of the original; expressiveness is the requirement of intelligibility of

56、 the target language text; the translated text should be in accordance with the language rules of the target language; elegance requires a translation to be aesthetically pleasing. Lu Xun has proposed “faithfulness and smoothness”. The value of a translation lies in its faithfulness to the original

57、text. He insists that the main purpose of translation is to introduce the culture and social lives of foreign countries to the Chinese people. He advocates that there should be an exotic atmosphere in the translated works which would familiarize the readers with the foreign cultures.Business English besides has the general rule of English-Chinese translation, there are special rules. Translation should pay attention to the