Six sigma(中英对照)

1、6 Sigma Awareness TrainingSix Sigma Awareness Program6 6 了解纲要了解纲要2022/2/233Flextronics Corporate PresentationWHY ARE YOU HERE?此行目的为何？此行目的为何？ To understand the why and how of Six Sigma so you can help to keep our momentum growing通过了解通过了解为什么及如何使用为什么及如何使用6 ，帮助我们保持持续增长的势头，帮助我们保持持续增长的势头 2022/2/234Flextro

2、nics Corporate PresentationWHAT YOU WILL LEARN 学什么学什么 1.What is 6 ? (Background history) 何为6？（背景知识） - 15 mins2.Benefits and advantages of embracing 6 奉行6 的裨益 - 15 mins3.Why 6 in Flextronics ? Flextronics为什么使用6？ - 15 mins4.Who is in 6 Council ? 6委员会成员？ - 10 mins5.6 peoples Roles and Responsibilities

3、6成员的作用与责任 - 20 mins6.Understanding 6 methodology / concept 理解6 的方法论/概念 - 60 mins7.Catapult exercise 弹射练习 - 30 minsQuestions & Answers .问题与回答问题与回答2022/2/235Flextronics Corporate PresentationWHAT IS SIGMA?何为西格玛？何为西格玛？2022/2/236Flextronics Corporate PresentationnVision远景远景nGoal目标目标nPhilosophy 基本原理基

4、本原理nMetric米制米制nMethod方法方法nTool工具工具nSymbol符号符号nBenchmark基准基准nValue评价评价 A level of performance that reflects significantlyreduced defects in our products一个反映产品缺陷显著减少的性能水平一个反映产品缺陷显著减少的性能水平A statistical measurement of our processcapability, as well as a benchmark forcomparison一种过程能力的统计测量法，如同一个对比基准一种过程能力

5、的统计测量法，如同一个对比基准A set of statistical “tools” to help us measure，analyze, improve, and control our processes一套有助于测量、分析、改进及控制过程的一套有助于测量、分析、改进及控制过程的统计统计“工具工具”A commitment to our customers to achieve an acceptable level of performance一个达到客户满意性能水平的承诺，一个达到客户满意性能水平的承诺，. A means to stretch ourthinking with r

6、espect to quality.一个扩展注重质量理念的方法一个扩展注重质量理念的方法Sigma is a letter in the Greek Alphabet 为一希腊字母为一希腊字母What is 6 ?何为何为6 ?2022/2/237Flextronics Corporate Presentation6WHAT IS SIX SIGMA?何为何为六六西格玛？西格玛？2022/2/238Flextronics Corporate Presentation6 is Three Things 6的三层含义 A statistical measurement.统计测量法统计测量法 A b

7、usiness strategy.经营战略经营战略 A philosophy.基本原理基本原理2022/2/239Flextronics Corporate Presentation A statistical A statistical measurement measurement of the performance of of the performance of a process or a product;a process or a product; 过程能力或产品性能的统计测量法；过程能力或产品性能的统计测量法； A A goal goal that reaches for n

8、ear perfection in that reaches for near perfection in performance;performance;使性能达到几近完美的目标；使性能达到几近完美的目标； A A system of managementsystem of management to achieve lasting to achieve lasting business leadership and world-class business leadership and world-class performanceperformance实现持久经营领导能力和世界级业绩的管

9、理系统实现持久经营领导能力和世界级业绩的管理系统What is 6 ? 何为何为6 ?2022/2/2310Flextronics Corporate PresentationSix Sigma - Breakthrough Improvement 6 - 突破改进突破改进12345Six Sigma 6 Continuous Improvement持续改进持续改进Breakthrough突破突破 Strategy70% 5%Time (Years) 时间（年时间（年）2022/2/2311Flextronics Corporate PresentationThe 6 Philosophy 6

10、 基本原理Every process can be characterized Every process can be characterized 每个过程都可描述其特征每个过程都可描述其特征Every process can be measured Every process can be measured 每个过程都可测量每个过程都可测量Every process can be controlled Every process can be controlled 每个过程都可控制每个过程都可控制Every process can be predicted Every process ca

11、n be predicted 每个过程都可预测每个过程都可预测Every process can be optimized Every process can be optimized 每个过程都可优化每个过程都可优化Every defect can be prevented Every defect can be prevented 每个缺陷都可预防每个缺陷都可预防Outputs输出 process 过程Inputs输入Everything, whether an invoice or a PCBA, is produced through a process 每每样东西，无论是成品还是样东

12、西，无论是成品还是PCBAPCBA，都是经过程生产出来的都是经过程生产出来的2022/2/2312Flextronics Corporate Presentation6 Methodology 6方法论“ It is a data-driven analysis problem solving technique which undergo a structural and Systematic Approach to Reducing Defects which Affect What is Important to the Customer !”“它是由数据推动的分析问题解决的技巧，它采用

13、结构的和系统的方法它是由数据推动的分析问题解决的技巧，它采用结构的和系统的方法来减少缺陷，这将影响什么来减少缺陷，这将影响什么对客户来说是重要的！对客户来说是重要的！”2022/2/2313Flextronics Corporate PresentationPremise of 6 6的前提All processes contain variation. Variation leads to waste, scrap, and defects. 所有所有过程均有波动。波动会导致浪费、废品和缺陷。过程均有波动。波动会导致浪费、废品和缺陷。These sources of variation ca

14、n be:这些波动来源有可能：这些波动来源有可能：Identified被识别Quantified被量化Reduced by control; and通过控制来减少；及 Eliminated by prevention通过预防来消除2022/2/2314Flextronics Corporate PresentationDefine定义定义 whats important什么重要？Measure方法方法 how were doing我们如何做？Analyze分析分析 whats wrong怎么了Improve改进改进 by fixing whats wrong 排除故障Control控制控制 t

15、o guarantee performance保证性能The DMAIC Process DMAIC过程过程2022/2/2315Flextronics Corporate PresentationThe Six Sigma Tool Kit 6工具包 Process Maps流程图 Written Procedures编写程序 Work Instruction工作介绍 Flow Charts流程表 Cause and Effect Diagram目标及影响图 Relational Matrices 关联矩阵 Control Chart控制表 Stem-and-Leaf Plots Box-W

16、hisker Plots Scatter Diagram离散图 Histogram柱状图 Normal Probability Plots正态分布 Measurement System Analysis (MSA)评估系统分析 Multi-Vari Studies Least-Squares Linear Regression线性 Simply Linear Correlation简单线性关系 Hypothesis Testing假设测试 Point and Interval Estimation Paired-Comparison Tests Goodness-Of-Fit-Tests拟合优

17、度测试 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)变异分析 Chi Squared Analysis Non-Parametrics Tests非参数测试 Design Of Experiments (DOE)试验方案 Taguchi Robustness Concept Response Surface Methodology Steepest Ascent / Descent Experiments极限上升/下降试验 High-Order Experiments高阶试验 Evolutionary Operation (EVOP)改良操作 Control Chart控制表 Pr

18、e-Control控制率 Advanced Statistical Process Control先行统计流程控制 DFT/Lean Tools Quality Function Deployment质量因素拓展 Robust Design and Process Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)故障模式和影响分析 Design for X (DFX)X方案 Special Design Tools Pareto Charts帕累托图 Top-Level Process Map高级核心流程图 Fishbone Diagram鱼骨图 Tree Dia

19、gram树状图 Brainstorming头脑风暴 Multi-voting多选 SIPOC Diagram SIPOC图Improvement - DMAIC改进模型改进模型Define定义定义Measure评估评估Analyze分析分析Improve改进改进Control控制控制2022/2/2316Flextronics Corporate Presentation Origin and progress起源和发展The six sigma came from Japan in 70s, developed at America in 80s -Motorola win quality

20、award in 1989 and $14bn savings since its launch in 1986 6起源于日本70年代，80年代在美国得到发展 -自从摩托罗拉1986年采用了6，1989年不仅提高了产品质量，而且节约资金140亿美元 The users: GE, E/,Sony,Toshiba,Dupont, Volvo,ABB and so on. The users reach 43%.用户： GE, E/,Sony,Toshiba,Dupont, Volvo,ABB 等等。用户达43。 Price performance of using 6sigma使用6的价格性能Co

21、mpanies using Six Sigma使用6的公司DJ Industrial Av.DJ工业AV.History of 6 6 的历史的历史2022/2/2317Flextronics Corporate PresentationWHAT YOU WILL LEARN 学什么学什么 1.What is 6 ? (Background history) 何为6？（背景知识） -15 mins2.Benefits and advantages of embracing 6 奉行6 的裨益 - 15 mins3.Why 6 in Flextronics ? Flextronics为什么使用6

22、？ - 15 mins4.Who is in 6 Council ? 6委员会成员？ - 10 mins5.6 peoples Roles and Responsibilities 6成员的作用与责任 - 20 mins6.Understanding 6 methodology / concept 理解6 的方法论/概念- 60mins7.Catapult exercise 弹射练习 - 30 minsQuestions & Answers .问题与回答问题与回答2022/2/2318Flextronics Corporate Presentation *20,000 lost art

23、icles of mail per hour每小时遗失每小时遗失20000件邮件件邮件*Unsafe drinking water almost 15 minutes each day每天约每天约15分钟的不安全饮用水分钟的不安全饮用水*5,000 incorrect surgical operations per week每周每周5000例错误的外科手术例错误的外科手术*2 short or long landings at most major airports each day 大多数机场每天大多数机场每天2次或不足或过长的着陆次或不足或过长的着陆*200,000 wrong drug

24、prescriptions each year 每年每年200000张错误药方张错误药方*No electricity for almost 7 hours each month 每月停电约每月停电约7小时小时 Practical Meaning of “99% Good” “99好好”的实际意义的实际意义3 Capability能力能力 Historical Standard过去的标准过去的标准 93.32%Long-Term Yield4 Capability能力能力 Current Standard当前的标准当前的标准 99.38%Long-Term Yield6 Capability能

25、力能力 New Standard 新标准新标准99.9996 %Long-Term YieldThe Classical view of performance 性能的经典观点2022/2/2319Flextronics Corporate Presentation99% Good is Not Good Enough 99好还不够好5,000 incorrect surgical procedures each week每周每周5000例错误的外科手术例错误的外科手术20,000 lost articles of mail each hour每小时遗失每小时遗失20000件邮件件邮件No e

26、lectricity for almost 7 hours each month每月停电约每月停电约7小时小时 Unsafe drinking water for almost 15 minutes each day每天约每天约15分钟的不安全饮用水分钟的不安全饮用水2022/2/2320Flextronics Corporate Presentation99.99966% Good好好 (6 Sigma)20,000 lost articles of mail per hour每小时遗失每小时遗失20000件邮件件邮件Unsafe drinking water for almost 15 m

27、inutes each day每天约每天约15分钟的不安全饮用水分钟的不安全饮用水5,000 incorrect surgical operations per week每周每周5000例错误的外科手术例错误的外科手术Two short or long landings at most major airports each day大多数机场每天大多数机场每天2次或不足或过长的着陆次或不足或过长的着陆200,000 wrong drug prescriptions each year每年每年200000张错误药方张错误药方No electricity for almost seven hour

28、s each month每月停电约每月停电约7小时小时 Seven articles lost per hour每小时遗失每小时遗失7件邮件件邮件One unsafe minute every seven months每每7个月个月1分钟的不安全饮用水分钟的不安全饮用水1.7 incorrect operations per week每周每周1.7例错误的外科手术例错误的外科手术One short or long landing every five years每每5年年1次或不足或过长的着陆次或不足或过长的着陆68 wrong prescriptions per year每年每年68张错误药

29、方张错误药方One hour without electricity every 34 years每每34年停电年停电1小时小时 99% Good好好 (3.8 Sigma)Six Sigma - Practical Meaning 6 -实际意义实际意义2022/2/2321Flextronics Corporate PresentationSix Sigma in daily life . 6在日常生活中.IRS - Tax Advice IRS - 缴税缴税单单7Sigma Level 水平水平1,000,000100,00010,0001,000100101PPM百百万分率万分率Res

30、taurant Bills饭店饭店帐单帐单Payroll Processing薪水薪水册处理册处理Baggage Handling行李行李的搬运的搬运 Airline Safety Rate航线航线安全率安全率3456212022/2/2322Flextronics Corporate PresentationWhy many companies adopting Six Sigma?为什么如此多的公司采用为什么如此多的公司采用6 ？How do they know Six Sigma reduces cost?他们如何知道6能降低成本？To reduce cost.降低成本By linkin

31、g it to what matters 通过与实质相联系2022/2/2323Flextronics Corporate PresentationCost Of Poor Quality (COPQ) 低质的代价Costs that are associated with有关的代价4Internal failure costs内部故障成本4External failure costs外部故障成本4Inspection/QA costs检验成本4Prevention costs (e.g. maintenance)预防成本（如维护）4Lost opportunity costs机会错失成本Th

32、ere is a correlation between a companys COPQ and the rating of its key processes公司的公司的COPQ与关键过程的与关键过程的 级别之间有相关关系级别之间有相关关系What is the Cost of Poor Quality?低质的代价是什么？2022/2/2324Flextronics Corporate PresentationOld Philosophy: 原来的基本原理：原来的基本原理：LSL下线下线USL上线上线Nom名义尺寸名义尺寸No Loss无损失无损失Loss due to Scrap &

33、; Rework由废品和返工造由废品和返工造成的损失成的损失Loss due to Scrap & Rework由废品和返工造由废品和返工造成的损失成的损失Quality is based on Conformance to Specifications基于与规范一致的质量基于与规范一致的质量2022/2/2325Flextronics Corporate PresentationCorrect View:Quality Losses are based on deviation from target, NOT conformance to specifications基于偏离目标的

34、质量损失，与规范基于偏离目标的质量损失，与规范不不一致一致Cost成本成本LSL下线下线USL上线上线Nom名义尺寸名义尺寸Target目标目标Medium Loss平均损失平均损失Heavy Loss2022/2/2326Flextronics Corporate PresentationSix Sigma Results (What does it mean to us)6的成效（对我们意味着什么）General Electric $12Bn savings over 5 years 5年节约年节约120亿亿$Honeywell$800M savings over 2 years 2年节约

35、年节约8亿亿$NCR$100M savings over 2 years 2年节约年节约1亿亿$ DuPont $450M savings in 2000 2000年节约年节约4.5亿亿$Six Sigma is delivering tangible cost savings to major organisations6 为主要机构节约的可收回成本为主要机构节约的可收回成本2022/2/2327Flextronics Corporate PresentationSix Sigma Results (What does it mean to us)6的成效（对我们意味着什么）Six Sigm

36、a is delivering tangible cost savings to major organisations6 为主要机构节约的可收回成本为主要机构节约的可收回成本5年节约年节约120亿亿$ Added approximately $1 to GEs EPS. GE每股利润增加约1$. Morgan Stanley Dean Witter calculated that Six Sigma saved GE $6B in 2000, or 5.5% of Sales. Morgan Stanley Dean Witter 计算出62000年为GE节约60亿$，或5.5的销售额。 G

37、E is so confident in the results that they specifically mentioned Six Sigma initiative savings in their 10K filings each of the past five years.GE深信成果，并在其中特别提到过去的每5年6所节约的10K金属屑。2022/2/2328Flextronics Corporate PresentationTexas InstrumentsABB (Asea Brown Boveri) Honeywell GEBombardierNokiaSonySeagat

38、eIomegaCompanies Implementing Six Sigma贯彻贯彻6 的公司的公司ToshibaDuPontAmerican ExpressBBANCRFord Motor CompanyDow ChemicalJohnson ControlsEricssonAnd now.而且现在.Solectron and Sanmina SCI2022/2/2329Flextronics Corporate PresentationHow to achieve Six Sigma . 如何实现如何实现6 . Culture文化 Goal目标 Benchmark基准 Measureme

39、nt测量 Method方法2022/2/2330Flextronics Corporate PresentationStrategy Know Whats Important to the Customer 了解对客户来说什么是重要的了解对客户来说什么是重要的 Reduce Variation 减少波动减少波动 Center Around Target 以目标为中心以目标为中心 Reduce Defects 减少缺陷减少缺陷2022/2/2331Flextronics Corporate PresentationDefect Reduction减少缺陷减少缺陷Yield Improvement

40、提高产量提高产量Improved Customer Satisfaction提高客户满意度提高客户满意度Higher Net Income增加纯收益增加纯收益The Goal of 6 6 的目标的目标2022/2/2332Flextronics Corporate PresentationSix Sigma as a goal 以6为目标2308,537366,80746,210523363.4Sigma is a statistical unit of measure which reflects process capability. The sigma scale of measure

41、 is perfectly correlated to such characteristics as defects-per-unit, parts-per million defective, and the probability of a failure/error. 是一个反映过程能力的统计单位。的等级与下列特性完全相关，有：单件缺陷数、每百万件的缺陷数及故障/误差的概率。 PPMDefects per Million Opportunities每百万出现缺陷的概率每百万出现缺陷的概率ProcessCapability过程能力过程能力(Distribution Shifted 1.5

42、)（ 1.5 对称分配）2022/2/2333Flextronics Corporate Presentation 1.What is 6 ? (Background history) 何为6？（背景知识） -15 mins2.Benefits and advantages of embracing 6 奉行6 的裨益 -15 mins3.Why 6 in Flextronics ? Flextronics为什么使用6？ -15 mins 4.Who is in 6 Council ? 6委员会成员？ -10 mins5.6 peoples Roles and Responsibilities

43、 6成员的作用与责任 -20 mins6.Understanding 6 methodology / concept 理解6 的方法论/概念 -60 mins7.Catapult exercise 弹射练习 -30 minsQuestions & Answers .问题与回答问题与回答WHAT YOU WILL LEARN 学什么学什么2022/2/2334Flextronics Corporate PresentationWhy 6 in Flextronics ? 为什么Flextronics 使用6？In response to internal and/or customer

44、needs, Flextronics must improve its performance in certain areas, e.g. Product Development, Supply Chain应自身及客户需求，应自身及客户需求，Flextronics必须在诸多方面加以改进，如：产品开发、供必须在诸多方面加以改进，如：产品开发、供应链等。应链等。1.Identify where Flextronics needs to improve and standardize its behaviour/processes.确定Flextronics需要改进和标准化的行为/过程。2.Fol

45、low a common methodology to achieve Best Practice in those processes across the company.在全公司范围内按通用方法使上述过程实现最优方法最优方法。Aligning to Business Strategy 与经营战略联合与经营战略联合1.Add to the bottom line by improving the KOIs; and 通过改进改进KOL来提高底线；并且2.Increase Customer Satisfaction/loyalty增加客户满意度客户满意度/忠诚度2022/2/2335Flex

46、tronics Corporate PresentationWhat Does this Mean to Me ? 对我来说意味着什么？Lower defects缺陷少Lower cycle time周期短High productivity生产率高Supplier participation协助供应商Customer satisfaction客户满意Efficient sharing of best business practices有效地分享优秀经营实例A common Flextronics language and metrics for qualityFlextronics通用的质量

47、语言和韵律2022/2/2336Flextronics Corporate PresentationLower Defects 缺陷少缺陷少. Scrap, Inventory, Warranty废品，库存，承诺废品，库存，承诺Lower Cycle Time 周期短周期短. Time to Market, Higher Gross Margin, Reduced Inventories时间用于市场，总利润更高，减少库存时间用于市场，总利润更高，减少库存Higher Productivity 生产率高生产率高.Less Capital & Labor资本及劳动力减少资本及劳动力减少Cu

48、stomer Satisfaction 客户满意客户满意.Higher Revenue & Market Share and ON-time Delivery收入与市场份额更高并及时交货收入与市场份额更高并及时交货Efficient Business Practices 有效的经营实例有效的经营实例 Growth through Higher Productivity, Lower Cost, Better Responsiveness 通过生产率更高、成本更低、反响更好而提高通过生产率更高、成本更低、反响更好而提高Six Sigma - What are the Benefits?

49、6 -有何裨益？有何裨益？2022/2/2337Flextronics Corporate PresentationWHAT YOU WILL LEARN 学什么学什么 1.What is 6 ? (Background history) 何为6？（背景知识） - 15 mins2.Benefits and advantages of embracing 6 奉行6 的裨益 - 15 mins3. Why 6 in Flextronics ? Flextronics为什么使用6？ - 15 mins4.Who is in 6 Council ? 6委员会成员？ - 10 mins5.6 peo

50、ples Roles and Responsibilities 6成员的作用与责任 - 20 mins6.Understanding 6 methodology / concept 理解6 的方法论/概念 - 60 mins7.Catapult exercise 弹射练习 - 30 minsQuestions & Answers .问题与回答问题与回答2022/2/2338Flextronics Corporate Presentation6 World-Wide Council 世界范围的世界范围的6 委员会委员会 2022/2/2339Flextronics Corporate P

51、resentationProjects项目项目LINE ROLESCEO/COOOPs LeadersOP领导领导Functions/Process Owners功能功能/过程所有者过程所有者Full-time全职全职 / Part-time兼职兼职Team Members成员成员 / Green Belts绿带绿带General Employees普通雇员普通雇员DeploymentChampion(s)实施负责人实施负责人Black Belt Candidates黑带候选人黑带候选人Expectations期望期望Decisions, Prioritization, Commitment决

52、策、优先次序、使命感决策、优先次序、使命感GROUP VPsVP小组小组Cross DivisionHigh ImpactIssues or Blackbelt Training and SupportGROUP LEVEL POOL OF RESOURCESMaster Black Belts黑带黑带PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT改进性能改进性能 RESPONSIBILITY有责任有责任PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT改进性能改进性能 ACCOUNTABILITY负负责任责任Installing a Formal Organizational Infrastru

53、cture 设置正式的组织机构设置正式的组织机构2022/2/2340Flextronics Corporate PresentationFlex 6 MBB and Focus 6 MBB分布与集中 Americas MBB 美洲MBB Europe MBB 欧洲MBBAsia MBB 亚洲MBB2022/2/2341Flextronics Corporate PresentationDeployment Considerations 实施注意事项Establish the Business Case建立商业案例Design the deployment plan设计实施计划Leadersh

54、ip Engagement领导宣言Selection of Sponsors,遴选发起人、 Champions & Black Belts负责人及黑带Project Selection选择项目Deployment Workshops实施车间Green Belt Training培训绿带Black Belt Training培训黑带 Benefit Analysis受益分析Institutionalisation制度化90 Days90天天11122333442022/2/2342Flextronics Corporate PresentationWHAT YOU WILL LEARN

55、学什么学什么 1.What is 6 ? (Background history) 何为6？（背景知识） - 15 mins2.Benefits and advantages of embracing 6 奉行6 的裨益 - 15 mins3.Why 6 in Flextronics ? Flextronics为什么使用6？ - 15 mins4.Who is in 6 Council ? 6委员会成员？ - 10 mins5.6 peoples Roles and Responsibilities 6成员的作用与责任 - 20 mins6.Understanding 6 methodolog

56、y / concept 理解6 的方法论/概念 - 60 mins7.Catapult exercise 弹射练习 - 30 minsQuestions & Answers .问题与回答问题与回答2022/2/2343Flextronics Corporate PresentationRoles and ResponsibilitiesGroupLeadership领导群领导群Green Belts绿带绿带Black Belts黑带黑带Champions负责人负责人Sponsors发起人发起人Vision远景远景Leads Change产生变化产生变化Leads Stabilisati

57、on projectsSupports Black BeltsPart timeFulltimeLeads breakthrough projectsTrains Green BeltsFull timeSets DirectionBreaks Road BlocksLeads business deployment planProject OwnerImplements SolutionsManages sustainable changeUnderstand VisionApply concepts to their workplace2022/2/2344Flextronics Corp

58、orate PresentationExecutive Management, Ops Leaders (Project Sponsors):执行管理，执行管理，Ops领领导（项目发起者）导（项目发起者）Responsible to create momentum and lead performance improvement through involvement and actions. 在项目实施的全过程，创造动力，领导实施改进。Sponsor effort and individual projects. 发起者的努力及个体贡献。Ultimately accountable for

59、results (1-3 Days of Training)对结果负最终责任（13天的培训）Deployment Champion执行负责人执行负责人Responsible to catalyze performance improvement and process management. 负责催化激励改进的实施并进行流程管理。 Supports plant leadership by helping to diagnose issues, prioritize opportunities, allocate resources to projects, and track results.

60、 支持领导层有效处理纠纷，辨明优先机会，分配项目资源及跟踪结果。Identifies and helps propagate best practices within and across divisions 在部门间和部门内识别并帮助推广最佳经验Responsible to plan, organize, deploy and monitor progress, assuring quality, commitment and consistency throughout the organization负责使计划，组织，实施和监控进度，质保，责任和一致性遍布组织内部。Responsible to establish communications throughout the