非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

1、非谓语动词用法归纳主动被动1、 doing 用在要求动词后 ;进行 ;伴随 ;性质 ;特点 ; 概 括;抽象 ;一般3、 having done 有先后动作表完成 （ 一般用在句首 ）2、 being done 正在进行得被动4、 having been done 用于句首 ;要求动词后 （ 有过去时 间或过去动作 ）5、 to do 用在要求动词后 ;目得 ;将来;具体7、 to have done 在要求动词后表完成得动作 （一般用 在句中 ）6、 to be done 将来得被动8、 to have been done 用在要求动词后 （有过去时间或 过去动作 ）9、 done 被动 ;

2、完成 （一般或普遍时间 ）、表格得用法1. doing 得用法(1) 在要求动词后 (作宾语 ):avoid 避免 appreciate 感激/欣赏 acknowledge 承认 /自认 admit 承认 advocate提倡 /主 张 consider 考虑 cant help 不禁 cant stand 受不了 contemplate 细想 plete 完成 confess 坦白 dislike 不喜欢 , 讨厌 deserve值得 delay延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受 excuse 借口 escape

3、逃跑 /逃避 finish 完成 forgive 原谅 fancy 幻想 /爱好 favor 造成 /偏爱 figure 描绘 /计算 hate 讨厌 imagine 设想 involve 卷入 / 包含 keep 保持 miss 错过 mention 说到 /讲到 mind 介意 pardon 原谅 /饶恕 permit 允许 postpone 推迟 practice 实行 /实践 prevent 阻止 quit 放弃停止 risk 冒险 recall 回想 resist 抵抗 / 阻止 resume 恢复 repent 悔悟 resent怨恨 stand坚持 /忍受 suggest建议 s

4、ave营救 /储蓄 tolerate 忍受 worth 值得You should try to avoid making mistakes 、The book is worth reading 、The book deserves reading、(2) 表进行Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake、 =When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake 、The man speaking English is Tom 、 = The man who is speaking English is Tom

5、、(3) 表主动The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom 、= The man who spoke English is Tom 、Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water 、 = Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled 、(4) 表伴随I stand outside waiting for Mr 、 Chen 、I lie in bed reading a nove

6、l 、(5) 表性质 ;特点The film is very moving 、She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her 、(6) 概括性 ,一般性Climbing mountain is very interesting 、Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring. 在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。 ( 概括性 ,一般性 )Our work is serving the people.(7) 动名词得逻辑主语为 ;人称代词得所有格 +动名词 ;名词 s+动

7、名词。例如 :Tom insisted on my going with them. 她坚持要我与她们一起去。He dislikes his wifes working late. 她不喜欢她妻子工作得很晚。2、being done 表示正在进行得被动The boy being criticized by Mr 、 Chen is Tom 、 = The boy who is being criticized by Mr 、 Chen is Tom 、Being criticized by Mr 、 Chen, the boy felt sad 、 = When the boy was bei

8、ng criticized by Mr 、 Chen, he felt sad、 The building being built will be the tallest one in this city 、= The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city 、3、having done 有先后动作表完成 （ 一般用在句首 ）Having finished the class, I went home 、 = After I had finished the class, I went home 、Ha

9、ving done the work, I had a short rest 、 = After I had done the work, I had a short rest 、Having done the work, I went back home 、Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders 、4、having been done 用于句首 ;有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成,（有过去时间或过去动作 ）I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abro

10、ad two years ago 、 （ 要求动词后 ）=I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago 、Having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then 、= Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your h

11、elp thenI appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago 、I enjoy giving the opportunity to study abroad to Mr 、 Wang 、I appreciate being given the opportunity to study abroad now 、Having been finished, the report was turned in 、 = After the report had been finished, it w

12、as turned in 、5、to do 得用法 :（1）用在要求动词后 : 接 to do 得动词（作宾语）attempt企图 afford 负担得起 arrange安排 appear似乎,显得 ask问 agree同意 believe 认为、相信 begin 开始 beg 请求 bother 扰乱/烦恼 care关心 ,喜欢 choose选择 claim 要求 consent同意 ,赞同 contrive 设法,图谋 demand 要求 destine注定 determine 决定 dread害怕 desire愿望 decide决定 enable能够 expect期望 endeavor

13、努力 fail 不能 hate 憎恨 /厌恶 happen 碰巧 hesitate 犹豫 hope 希望 intend 想要 incline 有倾向 long 渴望 love 爱 learn 学习 mean意欲,打算 manage设法 neglect 忽视 need需要 omit 忽略,漏 offer 提供 pretend假装 plan 计划 prefer 喜欢 /宁愿 prepare 准备 profess 表明 promise 承诺 /允许 propose 提议 refuse 拒绝 swear 宣誓 start 开始 seek找 / 寻觅 try 试图 undertake 承接 volunt

14、eer 志愿 vow 起 wish 希望 want 想要（2）表示具体动作 ,特别就是表示将来得动作 （做表语 ）。Our work is to serve the people.The person to do the job is Tom 、 = The person who will do the job is Tom 、To do two things at a time is to do neither. 一次做两件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once 、我得建议就是立刻开始干。如果主语就是不定式 （ 表示条件 ）,表

15、语也就是不定式 （表示结果 ）。To see is to believe 、百闻不如一见。To work means to earn a living. 工作就就是为了生活。如果主语就是以 aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose, thing,wish 等为中心得名词 ,或以 what 引导得名词性从句 ,不定式作表语就是对主语起补充说明作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. 她得希望就是在不远得将来买一辆豪华轿车。The function of Lo

16、uis Sullivans architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample lightinto the interior 、The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.省 to 得动词不定式1）情态动词 （ 除 ought 外 ,ought to）:2）使役动词 let, have, make; 在被动语态中则 to 不能省掉。The boss made them wo

17、rk the whole night 、 = They were made to work the whole night 、3）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补 ,省略 to。在被动 语态中则 to 不能省掉。I saw him dance 、 = he was seen to dance、注:感官动词还可以接现在分词 ,表示一个 （短暂 ）动作正在进行 ;不定式则表示动作得整个过程。I saw him dance 、 (整个跳舞得过程 )I saw him

18、 dancing 、 (我瞧见她时 ,她正在跳舞。强调动作正在发生 )A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen 、A、 smokeB、 smokingC、 to smoke D、 smokedfind sb、 doing sth 意为“发现某人正在做某事 ”。4) 表示个人意愿或倾向得 would rather,had better,might(just) as well:rather than 置于句首时。Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers

19、 to ride a bike、If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better it youve got some big bills in、gA、 forgetB、 forgot C、 forgettingD、 to forget5) why / why not 6) help 可带 to,也可不带 to, help sb (to) do sth:7) but 与 except:but 前就是动词 do 时,后面出现得动词用不带 to 得动词不定式 ;就是其她动词时 ,则要带 to。He wants t

20、o do nothing but go out、He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine 、8) 不定式做表语时 ,一般要带 to,但若主语部分中含有 do得各种形式时 ,符号 to 可省去。Weve missed the last bus、 All we could do now is walk home 、9) 通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后 ,可以省去 to be:He is supposed (to be) nice、她应该就是个好人。10) 当

21、两个或多个不定时短语由连词and,but或 or连接时 ,后一个或几个不定式符号 to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时 ,则不能省略。He wants to move to France and marry the girl、The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult 、6、to be done将来得被动The work to be finished tomorrow is important 、= The work that will be finished tom

22、orrow is important 、= The work that is to be done is difficult to finish 、7. to have done 在要求动词后表完成得动作 (一般用在句中 )Mr、 Chen is said to have done the job、 = Mr、 Chen is said that he did the job、Chinese men basketball team is reported to have accepted a good training before the Olympic Games 、= Chinese m

23、en basketball team is reported that they accepted a good training before the Olympic Games 、8、to have been done用在要求动词后 (有过去时间或过去动作 )The job is said to have been done by Mr 、 Chen、 = The job is said that it was done by Mr 、 Chen、9、done 被动 ;完成(一般或普遍时间 )Seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue b

24、all 、= When it is seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball、The work done is important 、= The work that has been done is important= The work that was done is importantPeople cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake 、 二、出题形式1. 空

25、格在句首 :(1) 句子分前后两部分 ,后面分句得主语能发出前面得动作,前面空格用主动 ,否则用被动 ;(2) be interested in; be faced with; be devoted to; be delighted with; be addicted to; be seated on; be dressed in; (be) used/accustomed to; be armed with; be involved in; be concerned about/with; be attached to; 等在句首只能用 ed 形式Faced with so many dif

26、ficulties, I work hard every day 、Devoted to my work; I care nothing else 、2. 空格在句中 :(1)空格前面得名词能发出后面得动作,空格用主动 ,否则用被动(2)要求动词 (后接 doing 得动词 ;后接 to do 得动词 )(3) 有些动词后使用动名词与动词不定式作宾语得差别forget to do 忘记要去做某事 (此事未做 )forget doing 忘记做过某事 (此事已做过或已发生 ) stop to do 停止、中断 (某件事 ),目得就是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做得事remem

27、ber to do 记住去做某事 (未做)remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做 ) regret to do 对要做得事遗憾regret doing 对做过得事遗憾、后悔try to do 努力、企图做某事try doing 试验、试一试某种办法mean to do 打算,有意要 mean doing 意味着go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情 ) go on doing 继续(原先没有做完得事情 )propose to do 打算 (要做某事 )proposing doing 建议(做某事 )like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为

28、;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore 、 )等名词 +doing sth、It is no use crying 、哭没有用。 It is no good objecting 、反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football. 打篮球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain. 设法解释就是浪费时间。It is + useless (nice, good,intere

29、sting, expensive 等形容词 )+ doing sth.It is useless speaking、光说没用。It is nice seeing you again. 真高兴又遇到了您。It is good Playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car. 开这种小车就是浪费。3. 空格在句尾 :(1)物 + need, want, deserve, demand, require + doing( = to be done )The blackboard needs cleaning、

30、= The blackboard needs to be cleaned、 (2)参考使役动词 make; let; get; have 得用法Sb(1) makes sb(2) do 前面得人让 /叫/使后面得人做某事Mr、 Chen makes us do English exercise、Sb(1) makes sb(2) doing 前面得人让 /叫/使后面得人一直做某事 (有前提条件 ,表示抱怨或发牢骚 )Mr、 Chen is too strict on our English study and he always makes us doing English exercise

31、、Sb(2) is made to do 某人被让 /叫/使去做某事We are made to do English exercise、Sb makes oneself / onedso npeoi某nt 人让 /叫/使自己或自己得话 /观点让别人听懂Mr、 Chen speaks English slowly in order to make himself understood in the class 、Sb makes sth done 某人把 /让/叫/使某事给别人做I have my hair cut 、Sb has done sth某人已经做完了某事I have cut my hair 、(3) 不及物动词构成得不定式做定语 ,要加上适当得介词与被修饰得名词形成逻辑上得动宾关系,这里得介词不能省去。I need a pen to write with. 我需