短文改错----第三讲实战训练----

1、短文改错 - 第三讲实战训练-载自双博士网站- 第三讲实战训练-热点试题PASSAGE 1When some nineteenthcentury New Yorkers said“ Harlem ” ,they meant almost all of Manhattan above Eighty-sixth Street.Toward the end of the century, however, a groupof citizens in upper Manhattan-want perhaps, to shape a closer 1._and more precise sense of

2、 communitydesignated a section thatthey wished to have known as Harlem. The chosen area was theHarlem which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the 2._new century as they left their old settlements on the middle andlower blocks of the West Side.As the community became predominantly Black, the

3、 veryword “ Harlem ” seemed to lose its old meaning. At time it was 3._easy to forget that“ Harlem ” was originally the Dutch name“ Harlem ” ; the community it described had been founded by 4._people from Holland； and that for most of its three centuries itwas first settled in the sixteen hundredsit

4、 had been preoccupied 5._by White New Yorkers.“ Harlem ” became synonymous to 6._Black life and Black style in Manhattan. Blacks living thereused the word as though they had coined it on themselvesnot 7._only to designate their area of residence but to express theirsense of the various qualities of

5、its life and atmosphere. As theyears passed,“ Harlem ” asserted an even larger meaning. In 8._the words of Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., the pastor of theAbyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem“ became the symbol of libertyand the Promised Land to Negroes everywhere” .By 1919 Harlems population had grown by s

6、everal thousand.It had received its share of wartime migration from the South,the Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of thenew arrivals merely lived for Harlem; it was New York they had 9._come to, looking for jobs and for all the other legendary opportunitiesof life in the city. To other

7、s who migrated to Harlem, NewYork was merely the city in which they found themselves:Harlem was exactly what they wished to be. 10._注释 1. want wanting该句的谓语动词在破折号之后，即“designate ”，因此有必要将前一动词变成分词形式。2. Harlem whichto黑人们搬进了Harlem ，因此这里Harlem 是先行词，关系代词应当表示地点，即可以是where ，也可以是“介词+which3. time times“ at a tim

8、e ”是“一次”的意思，而“at times4.Harlem; the communitythat“ forget ”后面引导的是三个宾语从句，在这种情况下，“that ”通常不能省略。5.preoccupied occupied“ be preoccupied with sth.”指“忙于某事”。“occupy ”是“占领”之意。6 to with“ by synonymous with”是“与 等同”“与 意义相同”的意思,与 synonymous搭配的是介词 with 。7.on “ by themselves ”或“ on their own ”都表示“他们自己”的意思，“coin ”

9、8.assertedassumed“assert ”是“肯定，断定”，“assume ”指开始具有某种( 品质或形象等 )9.for in由下文“ it was New York they had come to标是整个纽约城，他们只是居住在Harlem”可知这些人并非是为Harlem而活着，因为他们的目10.what where本段中 Harlem 还是作为一个地区名存在，相关的思想意义并不多。热点试题PASSAGE 2The white House began to be built in 1792, but it was notcompleted until ten years late

10、r. Every American president livedin it except for George Washington, although he did have a 1._majority part in designing it.2._The government held a competition to choose the bestdesign for the presidents house. The winner was a young man of 3._South Carolina, James Hoban. His design was a three-le

11、velhouse of stone. And President Washington made some changesin the winning design. He made the house long and wider, and 4._changed it into a two-storied house instead of three.The second president, John Adams, was first to live in the 5._White House. When he and his wife moved onto the new house 6

12、._in November, 1800, work was still going on, although the mainlive area was completed. The whole work did not finish until the 7._administration of the 3rd president, Thomas Jefferson.Twelve years later, the British army invaded Washingtonand burned the White House. The fire completely destroyed th

13、einside of the building and experts said the White House was so 8._dangerous to live in. Later on workers rebuilt the inside of theWhite House. More offices were added, most of which underground. 9._None of the work, however, changed the appearing of 10._the building. Many people asked why the presi

14、dents house iscalled the White House. Historians say it has been so calledsimply because it was painted white.注释 1.for在句子中说明前后两个相等成份的关系时用除了乔治华盛顿，都曾在白宫居住过，“为对等成分，故应去掉 forexcept ，否则用 except for 。本句是说每位美国总统， Every American president ”与“ George Washington ”2.majority majormajority 意为“大多数”、“半数以上”，一般后接复数名

15、词，而major 则为“主要的”。本句意为“华盛顿在设计白宫中起了主要作用”，故应用major3.offrom要表示一个人的家乡在哪里，介词应为from 。4.longlonger本句意思是说华盛顿把白宫设计得比原来更长，更宽了一些。与原来作比较，long当然应用比较级，而且and连接的两个形容词也应为对等成分，既然wider是比较级，long5. wasfirstthethe +序数词具有名词意味，在这里the first即表示the first president。6. ontointo“搬进新居”应为“ move in ”或“ move into ”,move on 意为“继续前进”，而

16、“ move onto ”则是不存在的。7.live livinglive (a) 意为“活着的”，而“living ”则是“适于居住的”、“生活的”。the living area意为“适8. so too原文说，战火把楼房的内部完全烧毁了，专家们说白宫太危险了，不能居住了，所以后来工人们才又重修白宫内部。“太 太 ”应为“tootoo9. whichundergroundwere或 whichthem本句有两种改法，若想使这部分成为非限制性定语从句，则which引导一个句子，后面应加一个“ were ”；若想使这部分为独立成分，则改which为 them10. appearingappea

17、rance原句意思是说，重建白宫的工作并未改变它的外貌。appearing为appear(出现 )的v. + ing形式，appearance意为“外观，外貌”。热点试题PASSAGE 3There are great many reasons for studying what philosophers 1._have said in the past. One is that we cannot separate thehistory of philosophy from which of science. Philosophy is 2._large discussion about m

18、atters on which few people are quite 3._certain, and those few hold opposite opinions. As knowledgeincreases, philosophy buds off the sciences.For an example, in the ancient world and the Middle Ages 4._philosophers discussed motion. Aristotle and St. ThomasAquinas taught that a moving body would sl

19、ow down until a force 5._were constantly applied to it. They were wrong. It goes on movingunless something slows it down. But they had good arguments ontheir side, and if we study these, and the experimentswhich proved them right this will help us to distinguish truth 6._from false in the scientific

20、 controversies of today.7._We also see how different philosopher reflects the social 8._life of his day. Plato and Aristotle, in the slave-owning societyof ancient Greece, thought man s highest state was contemplationrather than activity. In the Middle Ages St. Thomasbelieved a regular feudal system

21、 of nine ranks of angels. Herbert 9._Spencer, in the time of free competition between capitalists,found the key to progress as the survival of the fittest. Thus 10._Marxism is seen to fit into its place as the philosophy forthe workers, the only class with a future.注释 1. are great aa great many为固定搭配

22、，修饰可数名词，意为“很多，大量”，后面的名词用复数形式。2. which thatthat 这里做代词， 指代前文已经提到的“history ”一词， 而 which 可做疑问代词或定语从句的引导3. largelargelylargely 这里是副词，意为“在很大程度上”，如果有人打算把容词，那么，前边势必加冠词a 或 the, 但没有 large discussionlarge 考虑成修饰discussion的形的说法，所以这里只能把large 改换成副词.4. an /for example是固定搭配，意为“例如”，中间不加不定冠词an5. until unlessuntil 常和 n

23、ot 连用，形成notuntil 句式，所以not 是检验 until 是否用对的一个标志。这句在说：“亚里士多德和圣托马斯阿奎那都认为一个运动的物体除非给它不停地使力，否则它就会停下来”。 unless6. right wrong这句话说“但是他们那一方面有很好的论证。如果我们研究这些论述和证明这些说法是错误的那些实验，那么我们就会辨清今日科学纠纷的真与假”。根据上下文判断，这里应是wrong 。7. false falsehood这里需要一个名词，因此把false 改为 falsehood8. differentevery这句谓语动词和主语均为第三人称单数，而用different修饰的名词

24、一般用复数形式，因此需要改变different。再看下文，列举了诸位哲学家，因此可把different改为every ，既不妨碍句子意思，9. believed a inbelieve in意为“相信”，后常接名词，而believe则为“相信或认为”，后常接从句，因此加上一个介词in10. as in此句意为“斯宾塞在资本主义自由竞争时期，发现进步的关键在于适者生存”，此句的另一表达方式为“ Spencer, in the time of free competition between capitalists, found the survival of the fittest as the

25、 key to progress. ”而按现有语序，需把 as 改成 in。热点试题PASSAGE 4Aphrodite loved Adonis more than she did to heaven, for 1._He was a brisk, lovely young hunter. She abandoned her residenceat Olympus and took to the woods, where she dressedherself up like a huntress and kept the youth companion all day 2._long. Wi

26、th him she roved through bushy grounds and groves andover hills and dales, cheering hounds and pursuing game of aharmless sort. They had a great time together. However, shewarned him many times to chase wild beasts like lions and 3._wolves, but the young man just laughed at the idea.One day, after w

27、arning him thus, she left to Olympus in 4._her chariot. Quite by chance Adonis hounds found a boar, that 5._roused Adonis to enthusiasm. He hit the beast with a dart, and 6._the boar, turning on him ,buried its white tusk deep into histender side and trampled him to death.When Aphrodite came back to

28、 find her lover cold in death,she burst into a passion of tears. Unable to wrest him back fromthe low world, she sprinkled nectar on Adonis blood and 7._turned it into anemone, a delicate purple flower.Aphrodite was, therefore, still inconsolable. In grief and 8._despair she flew to Zeus and implored him to restore Adonis toher. Though she had Zeus sympathy, Hades was by no meansprepared to comply with her request. After the much dispute a 9._compromise was worked out under which Adonis was to spendhalf the year above ground with Aphrodite, but the rest six 10._months in the Elysian Fields