(七宝中学)2021-2022学年上海新高三入学摸底英语测试卷八(教师版)

1、2021-2022 学年上海新高三入学摸底英语测试卷八（模拟七宝中学入学摸底卷）第 I 卷（选择题）一、完形填空（每小题1 分，共 15 分）I recently met a Texan couple whose son was still in diapers. They were seeking to get him into a preschool that1a private preparatory school with a great record for college admissions.The couple were ambivalent (uncertain) about

2、 doing this. They were from immigrant and working-class backgrounds, and had thrived in public schools. In theory, they believedthat all children should have an equal chance to succeed. But I2that if they got theirson a spot in the preschool, they d take it.It s a familiar story. Psychologists, soci

3、ologists and journalists have spent over a decade critiquing（评论；评判） the habits of“ helicopter parents” and th3eir sc.hTohoel y insist that hyper-parenting backfires creating a generation of stressed-out kids who can t4alone. Parents themselves alternate between feeling guilty, panicked and ridiculou

4、s.But a new research shows that in our unequal era, this kind of parenting bringslife-changing benefits. According to the research, when inequality hit a low in the 1970s, there wasn t that much of a gap between what someone earned with or without a college degree. Strict parenting5an era of“ permis

5、sive parentinggiving c”hildren lots of freedom with little oversight.In the 1980s, however, inequality increased sharply in Western countries, especially the United States, and the gap between white- and blue-collar pay widened. Permissive parentingwas replaced by helicopter parenting. Middle- and u

6、pper-class parents who d gone to public schools and spent evenings playing kickball in the neighborhood began elbowing theirtoddlers into fast-track preschools and spending evenings monitoring their homework and driving them to activities.American parents eventually increased their6caregiving by abo

7、ut 12 hours a week, compared with the 1970s.Not all the changes were rational. But7, the new parenting efforts seemedeffective. When the researchers analyzed the 2012 PISA, an academic test of 15-year-olds around the world, along with reports from the teenagers and their parents about how theyintera

8、ct, they found that an“ intensive parenting styleighe”r scorrereslaotnedthweith htest.It s not enough just to8over your kids, however. If you do it as an“ authoritarian” padreenfitned as someone who9directives, expects children toobey and sometimes hits those who donyou wontt get the fullebnefits.Th

9、e most effective parents, according to the authors, are“ authoritative.” They use reasoning to persuade kids to do things that are good for them. Instead of strict obedience,they emphasize10, problem-solving and independence skills that will help their offspring in future workplaces that we can t ev

10、en imagine yet.And they seem most successful at helping their kids achieve the holy grails( 圣 杯 ) of modern parenting: college and postgraduate degrees, which now have a huge financial payoff.The benefits aren t ju1s1t. In a British study, kids raised by authoritative parentsreported better health a

11、nd higher self-esteem. In the American study, they were less likely to use drugs, smoke or12alcohol.So why wouldn t everyone jusetcbome a(n)13parent? Religious people, regardless of their income, are more likely to be authoritarian parents who expect obedienceand believe in corporal punishment, the

12、authors found. Working-class and poor parents might not have the leisure time to hover or the budget to pay for activities and expensive schools.And they may14feel that they need to prepare their children for jobs in which rule-following matters more than debating skills. Those who can afford to hel

13、icopter areprobably mak ing things even more unequal for the next generation. Since there s apparentlyno15to how much people will do for their kids, the prognosis for parenting doesnlook good. Yet another reason to elect people who ll make America more equal: We grown-ups can finally stop doing home

14、work.1 A changes intoB feeds intoC turns intoD transforms into2 A claimedB doubtedC suspectedD questioned3 A obsessionsB associationsC observationsD investigations4 A mentionB actionC transitionD function5 A objected toB contributed toC gave rise toD gave way to6 A hands-downB hands-offC hands-onD h

15、ands-over7 A for all the attentionB for the most partC within defined areas Dunder right supervision8 A lookB hoverC takeD protect9 A issuesB figuresC employsD evaluates10 A reliabilityB probabilityC regularityD adaptability11A financialB physicalC academicD mental12 A abuseB refuseC counterD comman

16、d13 A permissiveB authoritativeC authoritarianD helicopter14 A neutrallyB formallyC rightlyD reluctantly15 A linkB proofC comparisonD limit第 II卷（非选择题）二、用单词的适当形式完成短文（每小题1 分，共 10 分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. F

17、or the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A new study shows that 16 (good) your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed upand decide you ve had enough.fiTnhdeings appear in the Journal o

18、f Consumer Research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University ofMinnesota tried to think out side the lunch box.“ Something that was interesting to me is that some people

19、 get tired of things 17 very different rates. When you think about pop songs onthe radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearingthem a l ot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” The difference, th researchers supposed, might have to

20、do with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then vieweda repeating series of three classic paintings like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream or listened and r-elistened to a series of three pop songs or three pieces o

21、f classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on ascale of zero to ten.“ We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them 18 (get) tired of the music or art more quickly. Soremembering more details ac

22、tually made the participants feel like t hey d experienced the music or art more often.” The findings suggest that m1a9rketecrospe with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering ourexperiences. We could also trick 20 into eating less junk fo

23、od by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it it might help them have more fun.Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicatewith other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a per

24、son-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations 21 we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views 22 (challenge) by other members of society.Face-to face

25、 contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the lasttwo hundred years the art of mass communication 23 (become) one of the dominating factors of current society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has

26、led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionizedthe transmission and reception of communications24 local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed (失去优势 ) by international news.No longer

27、is the possession of information restricted to a wealthy minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. Forty years ago, people used to go to the cinema, but now far more people sit athome and turn on the TV to watch a p

28、rogram that 25 (channel) into millions of homes .三、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文（每小题1 分，共 10 分）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.You're trying your best to enjoy an evening cookout, but a consta

29、nt swarm of mosquitoes follows you from grill to poolside. The threat? A pierce to your skin, leaving behind an itchy red welt and possibly even a serious illness. As you swat madly at the pests, you notice that others seem completely unbothered. Could it be that mosquitoes prefer to bite some peopl

30、e over others?The short answer is yes. Mosquitoes do 26 blood-sucking preferences, say the experts."One in 10 people are highly attractive to mosquitoes," reports Jerry Butler, PhD, professoremeritus at the University of Florida. But it's not dinner they're sucking out of you. Fema

31、le mosquitoes - males do not bite people - need human blood to develop 27 eggs. And apparently, not just anyone's will do.Who Mosquitoes Like Best? Although researchers have yet to 28 what mosquitoes consider an ideal hunk ( 大块 ) of human flesh, the hunt is on. "There's a tremendous amo

32、unt of research being conducted on what compounds and odors people exude that might beattractive to mosquitoes," says Joe Conlon, PhD, technical advisor to the American MosquitoControl Association. With 400 different compounds to examine, it's an extremely laborious process. "Researche

33、rs are just beginning to 29 the surface," he says.Scientists do know that genetics 30 for an overwhelming 85% of our susceptibility tomosquito bites. They've also identified certain elements of our body chemistry that, when found in excess on the skin's surface, make mosquitoes swarm cl

34、oser."People with high 31 of steroids or cholesterol on their skin surface attract mosquitoes," Butler tells WebMD That doesn't necessarily mean that mosquitoes prey on people with higher overall levels of cholesterol, Butler explains. These people simply may bemore efficient at proces

35、sing cholesterol, the byproducts of which remain on the skin's surface.Mosquitoes also 32 people who produce excess amounts of certain acids, such as uric acid, explains entomologist John Edman, PhD, spokesman for the Entomological Society ofAmerica. These substances can trigger mosquitoes'

36、sense of smell, luring them to land on 33 victims.But the process of attraction begins long before the landing. Mosquitoes can smell theirdinner from a(n) 34 distance of up to 50 meters, explains Edman. This doesn't bode well for people who emit large quantities of carbon dioxide .Luckily, the-r

37、beaasreedchemicalmosquito repellents and the soybean oil-based repellent that can help to keep the bite at35 .四、阅读选择（ 40-42 每小题 3 分，其它每小题 2 分，共 25 分）AAs more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half o

38、f the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizationsUNESCO and National Geographic a

39、mong them have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientists at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar

40、 of Thangmi with an Ethnolingustic Introduction to the Speaker and Their Culture, grows out of his experience of living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thang-mi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral

41、 traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materialsincluding photographs, films, tape recording, and field

42、 notes which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project Turin has started a campaign to make such documents available not just to scholars but to the yo

43、unger generations of communities fromwhom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved reconnected with speech communities.36 Many scholars are making efforts to.A promote global languagesB

44、 rescue disappearing languagesC search for language communitiesD set up language research organizations 37 What does“ that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A Having full records of the languages.B Writing books on languages teaching. C Telling stories about language users. D Living with the native

45、 speaker.38 What is Turin s book based on?A The cultural studies.B The documents available at Yale. C His language research in Bhutan.D His personal experience in Nepal. 39 Which of the following best describe Turin s work?A Write, sell and donate.B Record, repair and reward.C Collect, protect and r

46、econnect.D Design, experiment and report.BThe global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps youcan take.Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid. Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your hea

47、ting and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed.For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGYSTAR, the federal government s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highe

48、st possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. (SEER)Use energy efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so

49、before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan.Let a programmable thermostat“ remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoorclimate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating polluti

50、on all day while you are at work.Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent.Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around yourhome and fixing reflective bricks

51、 on your roof.Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs, which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, produ

52、cing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs.Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car thatgets 20 miles per gallon to one that

53、gets 30 mpg will save you more than65 per year.Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about260 a year bysharing cars twicea week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.40. According to the passage, the thermostat is used to.A make

54、 rooms quieterB control room temperatureC turn off the air conditionerD reduce room air pollution41. We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages. A planting leafy trees around your homeB turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your houseC keeping your south-facing wind

55、ows open during the day D using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs42. According to the passage, you can save fuel by.A using energy-efficient ceiling fansB sharing cars with others on workdays C turning off everything not in useD reducing 10% of your car trips every yearCEarlier this ye

56、ar a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the$265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate( 复制) or expand on a discovery. No one us

57、es the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication scientists often have troublechoosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic