初中英语语法名词篇

1、v1.0可编辑可修改初中中考英语语法（名词篇）语法总述:名词篇:名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:专有名词普通名词国名，地名，人名，可数名词不可数名词团体,机构名称个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jili n, Tom, Chi na,（1）零冠词，如 Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。 定冠词，如the Uni ted States ， the Great Wall, 由形容词+普通名词组成。（

2、3）姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人（复数含义）,女如： the Greens（格林一家人）。2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。普通名词又可进一步分为四类1）个体名称：表示单个的人和事物。house马 car 汽车 room房间 apple 苹果 fun 风扇 picture 照片2）集体名称：表示一群人或一些事物的名称。people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团3）物质名词：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water水 milk牛奶4）抽象名词：表示动作，状态，品质或

3、其他抽象概念。labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活friendship友情 patienee 耐力3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词，如：box, child, orange ；不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, populatio n,in formati on .4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1.规则名词的复数形式:规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch,

4、 sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dishdishes,3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe 为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, kni fe-k ni ves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs（信仰，信念），chief-chiefs（首领）,proof-proofs（证据），roof-roofs（屋顶）4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities

5、, baby-babies5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以 y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, key-keys, way-ways6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spia no-pia nos, photo-photos, kilo-kilos两者皆可zero-zeros /zeroes, volca no-volca no es/ volca nos（火山）222 2/8v1.0可编辑可修改7以兀音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradi

6、o-radios, bamboo-bamboos（竹子），zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, mon th-m on ths2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下:规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, tooth teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese （鹅），mouse-mice , child-children2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means（方法）3只有复数形式trousers（裤子），clothes,

7、 tha nks, goods, glasses4部分集体名词既可以作单数（表整体）也可以作复数（表其中的人或者成员）couple, group, populati on, team, public, en emy, party,police 警察，class 班，同学，family家，家庭成员5复数形式表示特别含义times（时代）,spirits（情绪）,drinks（ 饮料）,sands（ 沙滩），papers（ 文件报纸）,manners（礼貌）,looks（ 外表）, greens（青菜）,ruins（ 废墟）6表示“某国人”加-sAmerica ns, Australia ns,

8、Germa ns, Greeks, Swedes,Europea ns单复数同形Chin ese, Japa nese以-ma n或-woman结尾的改为-me n,-wome nEn glishme n, Fren chwome n8复合名词中心词变为复数a boy student- some boy students , an apple tree-some apple trees, a shoe factory- some shoe factories两部分都变为复数a woma n sin ger-wome n sin gers, a man teacher-me n teachers

9、,fish鱼fishes 鱼的种类,10paper 纸papers 报纸，卷子，论文 ，work工作works 作品，工厂，glass 玻璃-glasses 玻璃杯，眼镜，单复数意义不同orange桔子水-oranges 橙子light光线lights 灯，people 人peoples 民族,time时间times时代，次数chicke n 鸡肉-chicke ns小鸡5、名词所有格：,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格，相当于物主代词所有格分三种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 三是双重

10、所有格。1. 's所有格的构成:单数名词在末尾加sthe boy s father, Jack s book, her son -in- law s photo,Jim's bed , the ma n's wife444 4/8v1.0可编辑可修改复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, Childern s Day,不规则复数名词后加sthe children s toys, women s rights,Dicke ns no vels,the Smiths house, the stude nts'以s

11、结尾的人名所有格加s 或者books,Teachers' Day, a girls' dormitory（宿舍）表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均须Japan s and America s problems, Jane s and Mary s力n'sbikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末Japan and Ameri ca' s problems, Jane and Mary s father ,力n'sLucy and Lily s bedroom 名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，往往可以省略，以免重复。Whose pen is th

12、is It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔是汤姆的。The bike is not mine, but Tom' s. 这辆自行车不是我的，是 Tom的。2. of所有格的用法：a. 用于无生命的东西： the legs of the chair, the cover of the book, a map of the world ,the win dows of the room , the title of the filmb. 用于有生命的东西，尤其是名词较长时： the classrooms of the first-yearstudents ， the stor

13、yof a hero某些of所有格和s所有格可以互换：son of a poor peasant= a poor peasant ' s son 个贫农的儿子3. 双重所有格在意义上与"one of." 相似:1of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”a friend of my father ' s （我父亲的一位朋友 ）=one of my father s frien ds,a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)=one of my friendsof 前面的名词被 a/an, some, several, no, few, another, al

14、l, many等表数量的词修饰时，表示“某整体中的一部分”，强调部分与整体的关系名词专项练习 in the maths test.B. made a few mistakesD. makes few mistake()1. She was very happy. SheA. makes a few mistakeC. made few mistakes()2. We n eed some more. Can you go and get some, please？A. potatoB. potatos C. potatoesD. potatoe()3.are used for cutti ng

15、 thin gs.A. KnifeB. Knives C. KnifeD. Knives()4. What bigthe tiger has!A. toothB. teeth C. tooths . toothes()5. Please remember to give the horse some treeA. leafsB. leaves C. leafD. leave666 6 / 8v1.0可编辑可修改666 6 / 8v1.0可编辑可修改()6 .-Ca n we have some？-Yes, please.A.bananaB. orangesD.pear()7. On the t

16、able there are fiveA. tomatos B. piece of tomatoesC. tomatoesD. tomato()1. They got muchfrom those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. in formati on D. stories666 6 / 8v1.0可编辑可修改()2. He gave uson how to keep fit.888 8/8v1.0可编辑可修改888 8/8v1.0可编辑可修改A. some advicesB. some advice C. an adviceD. a advice888 8/8

17、v1.0可编辑可修改888 8/8v1.0可编辑可修改()3. Whe n we saw his face, we knewwas bad.A. some n ewsB. a n ewsC. the n ewsP. n ews888 8/8v1.0可编辑可修改888 8/8v1.0可编辑可修改()4 .Whatlovely weather it is!A. /B. theC. anD. a3.()1. -Would you liketea?-No, tha nks. I have drunk twoB. some, bottles of orangeD. few, bottle of oran

18、 gesA. any, bottles of orangeC. many, bottles of oran ges()2 .He is hun gry. Give himto eat.A. two breadsC. two pieces of bread()3would like to haveA. two glasses of milkC. two glasses of milks()4 .Ca n you give meB. two piece of breadD. two pieces of breadsB. two glass of milk ID. two glass of milk

19、s?A. a teaB. some cup of teaC. a cup teaD. a cup of tea888 8/8v1.0可编辑可修改888 8/8v1.0可编辑可修改()5. Please give mepaper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of()6 .Joh n boughtfor himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoesD. two pairsshoes4()1 .-How manyhave you got on your farm?-I've got five.A. sheepsB. sheepC. pigD. chicke n()2 .Somecame to our school for a visit that day.A