第六章-数词和量词(共6页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第六章 数词和量词6.1基数词6.1.1 基数词构成法1）基数词（cardinal numbers）只表示目的的词。下面是最基本的基数词，其他数目都是由这些基数词构成：12341one 11eleven1002two12twelve20twentyA hundred3three13thirteen30thirty1，0004four14fourteen40fortyA thousand5five15fifteen50fifty1，000，0006six16sixteen60sixtyA million7seven17severnteen70seventy1，000，0

2、00，0008eight18eighteen80eightyA billion9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten2)基数词构成法：除了上表列出的词外，其他基数词构成的方法如下：a. 21-99:先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间要加连字号：39 thirty-nine b. 101-999：先说“几百”，再加and，再加末尾两位数或末位数：375 three hundred and seventy-fivec. 1000以上的词：先从后往前数，每三位加一个逗号，用这个方法把数目分作若干段，再一段段念;第一个逗号前的数为thousand，第二个逗号前的数为million，第三个

3、逗号前面的数为billion，例如：4,007 four thousand and seven13,849 thirteen thousand, eight hundred and forty-nine54,256,000 fifty-four million, two hundred and fifty-six thousand14,800,000,000 fourteen billion eight hundred million2，000，000，000 two trillion 两万亿在这类词中，hundred，thousand ,million, billion等词都用单数形式。6.

4、1.2 基数词在句中的作用1）基数词在句中主要用作：a. 定语：b. 主语：c.宾语或介词宾语：d. 表语：e. 同位语：f. 状语：I hate riding two on a bike.2)基数词还可以用于复数形式，表示很大的数量：hundreds ofThey arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两地来了。3)某些基数词的复数形式可以用在“in the（ones）-”结构中，表示：a. 年岁：in his fiftiesb. 年代：in the 1970s4)一些数学公式的读法如下：+ plus_minusTimesDivided byMore thanLes

5、s thanApproximately equalsBe not equal to 6.2 序数词6.2.1 序数词表示法1）序数词（ordinal numerals）是表示数目顺序的，和最基础的基数词相对应得序数词如下：First eleventhSecond twelfth twentiethThird thirteenth thirtiethFourth fourteenth fortiethFifth fifteenth fiftiethSixth sixteenth sixtiethSeventh seventeenth seventiethEighth eighteenth eig

6、htiethNinth nineteenth ninetiethTentha. 除第一，第二，第三之外，其他序数词都以在基数词后加词尾th构成，其中有些词（见上表中的黑体部分）在拼法上有少许变化，如：Fifthb. 两位数的词，只需把个位数变为序数词：Twenty-secondc. 三位以上的词，只把最后的两位数变为序数词：One hundred and fiftieth此外，first，second等词常缩写为1st，2nd，3rd，20th，21st等。6.2.2 序数词在句中的作用1）序数词在句中可用作：a. 定语（多和the或物主代词一道用）：b. 表语：c. 主语：d. 宾语或介词宾

7、语：e. 同位语 who is that man, the first in the front row? f. 状语 when did you first meet him?2)序数词的一些其他用法：A序数词还可以和a连用，表示“在一个”、“又一次”等：B表示日期：C用在许多短语中：third-rate first-place second-class second-hand3)用基数词表示顺序的办法：在很多情况下我们可以用基数词表示顺序：第 章、部分、节编号的东西，常避免用序数词，读法也简单化：第705号房间 room 7054）下面数字的读法：A电话号码的读法：279 1034B年份读法

8、2000 the year two thousand2004 two thousand and fourC日期读法：July 22nd July (the) twenty-second 或 the twenty-second of julyD时刻读法：08:00 eight oclock 或 eight09:15 nine fifteen 或a quarter past nine(（美）after nine)05:45 five forty-five 或 a quarter to six （美：of six）6.3 倍数和分数6.3.1 倍数表示倍数的方法有多种，如：1) Three thre

9、es are nine. 2) Three times three is nine.3) This room is three times as large as that one.4) This room is three times larger than that one.表示三以上的倍数用times，但表示两倍（汉语只能够的一倍实际上是两倍）时则用twice,如：5）Twice three is six。6）This room is twice as large as that one.表示倍数也可用again，double，triple，quadruple，fold等词7）My un

10、cle is as old again as I am.8) The top-brand cigarettes are often sold at double the normal price here.9) Human, Chinas leading live pig-exporting province, expects to export lean-meat pigs， quadruple the figure for 1985.10) The value of the house has increased fourfold since 1939.表示增加多少倍可用百分比，如：Pop

11、ulation has increased by 200%in the past 25 years.This shows a 300%increase over the previous year.如有“增加”用times 与fold，则须注意英语要多说一倍，如说“增加了三倍”，则须用four times或fourfold，如Output of coal increased four times（或fourfold）Output of coal was four times as great as that of last year.6.3.2 分数词1）分数词构成法：分数词（fraction

12、al numerals）由基数词和序数词构成，基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。除了分子为1的情况下，序数词都要用复数形式：14 One-fourth 59 five-ninths 3 25 three and two-fifths此外还有下面表示法：2 14 Two and a quarter 比较复杂的分数读法如下：239 Twenty-three over nine 7692 seventy-six over ninety-two2）分数在句中的作用：分数在句中可用作：A 主语：B 宾语或介词宾语：C 表语或同位语：D 定语：E 状语：China is one-sixth larger t

13、han the United States.6.3.3 小数的读法和用法1）小数的读法如下：6.4 - six point four2）小数主要用作定语：6.4 times6.3.4 百分数的用法百分数由per cent（美percent）表示，可以在句中作：1） 主语：Ten percent of pupils are absent today.2） 宾语或介词宾语：The bank charges interest at 12 percent.3） 定语：I paid him four percent interest.4） 状语：I think its ninety percent pr

14、obable.偶作表语：12 is 1 percent of 1,200.6.4 量词6.4.1 量词范围量词（quantifiers）不是一种词类，而是血多与量词有关的词和短语，它们包含：1） 许多与数量有关的代词和限定词，如some，any，much，any等。2） 各种数词，如two，half，a third，80%等。3） 名词和of构成的表数量的短语，如a lot of， plenty of等。4） 某些与数量有关的形容词，如enough，whole，half等。5） 某些与数量有关的名词，如feet，miles，years，dozen等。6） 某些与数量有关的合成词，如 a fiv

15、e-dollar bill， a 6-page summary等。7） 某些与数量有关的的所有格，如two months stay， four weeks notice等。下面将简要地加以处理。6.4.2 与数量有关的代词和限定词1）有很多作定语的代词和限定词，特别是不定代词和相关限定词，可用来表示数量：How much rent do you pay?Few words are best.Many hands make light work.This might sever several purposes.2)这类代词也可作主语、宾语等，表示数量：a. 主语：b. 宾语或介词宾语：有关这类

16、词，详见5.6.5-5.7.76.4.3 由“名词+of”构成的量词1）这类量词为数很多，他们都加在所修饰词前面：有些这类名词可用复数形式，强调数量之多：Numbers of people quantities of rain tons of letters Lots of food heaps of money. masses of people2)有些这类词表示“少量的”： a bit of shopping. a pinch of salt a touch of cold a dash of vinegar a spot of tea. a shred of evidence a gra

17、in of truth a trace of jealousy a speck of truth a drop of brandy3)有些这类量词与形状有关：a ball of string. a stick of toffee a ring of bodyguards a strip of sticky tape a shaft of sunlight a bunch of flowers a thread of light a tuft of hair.a wall of fire a gush of blood aloud gust of laughter a jet of water

18、a ray of hope. a mountain of dirty clothes Clouds of smokeStreams of people a torrent of abuse. a shower of stones 4)还有不少量词表示一群人（a）或动物（b）：a. a group of students a team of scientists a host of students.a gang of workers a bunch of idiots a company of travelers a troupe of acrobat a strange collection

19、 of people swarms of photographers.a pack of angry shoppers b. a flock of sheep a herd of deer. a pack of hounds a pride of lions a swarm of locusts schools of fish. a flight of ducks a cloud of mosquitoes 5)还有许多这类量词与容器有关：A bottle of beer a box of chocolateA can of soup a bowl of riceA cup of tea a

20、basket of fruitA bucket of water a sack of cornA bag of toffees a crate of bananasA glass of fruit juice a mug of milkA packet of cigarettes a pot of jamA spoon of sugar a tube of toothpaste A barrel of oil a carton of yoghurtA jar of marmalade a pack of gumA plate of beer a package of detergent有些名词后可加冠词尾-ful来表示数量：A spoonful of vinegar a basketful of peachesA handful