山东大学操作系统实验报告材料4进程同步实验

1、计算机科学与技术学院实验报告实验题目：实验四、进程同步实验学号：日期：20120409班级：计基地12姓名：实验目的：加深对并发协作进程同步与互斥概念的理解，观察和体验并发进程同步与互斥 操作的效果，分析与研究经典进程同步与互斥问题的实际解决方案。了解Lin ux系统中IPC进程同步工具的用法，练习并发协作进程的同步与互斥操作的编程 与调试技术。实验内容：抽烟者问题。假设一个系统中有三个抽烟者进程，每个抽烟者不断地卷烟并抽烟。 抽烟者卷起并抽掉一颗烟需要有三种材料： 烟草、纸和胶水。一个抽烟者有烟草， 一个有纸，另一个有胶水。系统中还有两个供应者进程，它们无限地供应所有三 种材料，但每次仅轮流

2、提供三种材料中的两种。得到缺失的两种材料的抽烟者在 卷起并抽掉一颗烟后会发信号通知供应者，让它继续提供另外的两种材料。这一 过程重复进行。请用以上介绍的IPC同步机制编程，实现该问题要求的功能。硬件环境：处理器：In tel? Core? i3-2350M CPU 2.30GHzx 4图形：In tel? Sa ndybridge Mobile x86/MMX/SSE2内存：4G操作系统：32位磁盘：20.1 GB软件环境：ubu ntu13.04实验步骤:(1) 新建定义了 producer和consumer共用的IPC函数原型和变量的ipc.h文件。(2) 新建ipc.c文件，编写prod

3、ucer 和consumer 共用的IPC的具体相应函数。(3) 新建Producer文件，首先定义producer的一些行为，利用系统调用，建立共享内存区域，设定其长度并获取共享内存的首地址。然后设定生产者互斥与同步的信号灯，并为他 们设置相应的初值。当有生产者进程在运行而其他生产者请求时，相应的信号灯就会阻止他,当共享内存区域已满时，信号等也会提示生产者不能再往共享内存中放入内容。(4) 新建Consumer文件，定义consumer的一些行为，利用系统调用来创建共享内存 区域，并设定他的长度并获取共享内存的首地址。然后设定消费者互斥与同步的信号灯，并 为他们设置相应的初值。当有消费进程在

4、运行而其他消费者请求时，相应的信号灯就会阻止它，当共享内存区域已空时，信号等也会提示生产者不能再从共享内存中取出相应的内容。运行的消费者应该与相应的生产者对应起来，只有这样运行结果才会正确。结论分析与体会：实现方式：Consumer :#i nclude "ipc.h"int main (i nt argc,char *argv) int rate = 3;int con sumerid=atoi(argv1);buff_h = 101;buff_ nu mber = 1;cget_h = 103;cget_ nu mber = 1;shm flg = IPC CREAT

5、| 0644;buff_ptr = (char *)set_shm(buff_h,buff_ nu mber,shm_flg); cget_ptr = (int *)set_shm(cget_h,cget_ nu mber,shm_flg); prod_h = 201;pmtx_h = 202;cons_h = 301;cmtx_h = 302;sem_flg = IPC_CREAT | 0644;sem_val = buff_ nu mber;prod_sem = set_sem(prod_h,sem_val,sem_flg);sem_val = 0;con s_sem = set_sem(

6、co ns_h,sem_val,sem_flg);sem_val = 1;cmtx_sem = set_sem(cmtx_h,sem_val,sem_flg);if(con sumerid=0)*cget_ptr=0;while(1)if(buff_ptr0-'A'=c on sumerid)dow n(co ns_sem);dow n(cmtx_sem);sleep(rate);if(buff_ptrO='A')printf("%dThe consumer has glue.nThe consumer getstobacco and paper n&

7、quot;,getpid();if(buff_ptr0='B')prin tf("%d The con sumer has paper.' nThe con sumer getstobacco and gluen",getpid();if(buff_ptrO='C')printf("%dThe consumerhas tobacco.'nTheconsumergets glue and paper' n",getpid();*cget ptr 二(*cget pt叶1);if(*cget_ptr%2

8、=0) buff_ptrO='D' else buff_ptrO='E' up(cmtx_sem); up(prod_sem);return EXIT_SUCCESS;Producer :#i nclude "ipc.h"int main (i nt argc,char *argv)int rate=3;int producerid=atoi(argv1);buff_h=101;buff_ nu mber=1;pput_h=102;pput_ nu mber=1;shm_flg=IPC_CREAT|0644;buff_ptr = (char

9、*)set_shm(buff_h,buff_ nu mber,shm_flg); pput_ptr = (int *)set_shm(pput_h,pput_ nu mber,shm_flg);prod_h = 201;pmtx_h = 202;cons_h = 301;cmtx_h = 302;sem flg = IPC CREAT|0644;sem_val = buff_ nu mber;prod_sem = set_sem(prod_h,sem_val,sem_flg);sem_val = 0;con s_sem = set_sem(co ns_h,sem_val,sem_flg);se

10、m_val = 1;pmtx_sem = set_sem(pmtx_h,sem_val,sem_flg);if(producerid=0)buff_ptrO='D'*pput_ptr=0;while(1)if(buff_ptr0-'D'=producerid)dow n( prod_sem);dow n(pmtx_sem);*pput_ptr = (*pput_pt r+1)%3;if(*pput_ptr=0)buff_ptr0 = 'A'prin tf("%dThe producer gives tobacco andpapern&q

11、uot;,getpid();if(*pput_ptr=1)buff_ptr0 = 'B'prin tf("%dThe producer gives tobacco andgluen",getpid();if(*pput_ptr=2)buff_ptr0 = C;prin tf("%d The producer gives glue and paper n",getpid();sleep(rate);up(pmtx_sem);up(c on s_sem);return EXIT_SUCCESS;Ipc.h :#i nclude "i

12、pc.h"int get_ipc_id(char *proc_file,h_t h) FILE *pf;int m,n;char lin eBUFSZ,columBUFSZ;if(pf = fope n(proc_file,"r") = NULL) perror('卩roc file not ope n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);fgets(line, BUFSZ,pf);while(!feof(pf)m = n = 0;fgets(line, BUFSZ,pf);while(l in em='')m+;whil

13、e(linem !='') colu mn+ = lin em+;colum n = '0' if(atoi(colum) != h) con ti nue;n=0;while(l in em='')m+;while(linem !='') colu mn+ = lin em+;colum n = '0'm = atoi(colum);fclose(pf);return m; fclose(pf); return -1;int dow n(i nt sem_id) struct sembuf buf;buf.sem

14、_op = -1; buf.sem_ nu mber = 0; buf.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO; if(semop(semd，&buf,1) <0) perror("dow n error "); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);return EXIT_SUCCESS; int up(i nt sem_id) struct sembuf buf; buf.sem_op = 1; buf.sem_ nu mber = 0; buf.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO; if(semop(semd，&buf,1) <0) per

15、ror("up error "); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);return EXIT_SUCCESS; int set sem(h t sem h,i nt sem val,i nt sem flg) int semd;Sem _uns sem_arg;if(semd = get_ipc_id("/proc/sysvipc/sem",sem_h) < 0 ) if(sem_id = semget(sem_h,1,sem_flg) < 0) perror("semaphore create error"); ex

16、it(EXIT_FAILURE);sem_arg.val = sem_val;if(semctl(semd,O,SETVAL,sem_arg) <0) perror("semaphore set error"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);return semd;char * set_shm(h_t shm_h,i nt shm_ nu mber,i nt shm_flg) int m,shmd;char * shm_buf;if(shm_id = get_ipc_id("/proc/sysvipc/shm",shm_h) < 0

17、 ) if(shmd = shmget(shm_h,shm _nu mber,shm_flg) <0) perror("shareMemory set error"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);if(shm_buf = (char *)shmat(shmd,0,0) < (char *)0) perror("get shareMemory error"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);for(m=0; m<shm_ nu mber; m+) shm_bufm = 0;if(shm_buf = (char *)sh

18、mat(shmd,0,0) < (char *)0) perror("get shareMemory error");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);retur n shm_buf;int set_msq(h_t msq_h,i nt msq_flg) int msqd;if(msq_id = get_ipc_id("/proc/sysvipc/msg",msq_h) < 0 ) if(msq_id = msgget(msq_h,msq_flg) < 0) perror("messageQueue set error&q

19、uot;); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);return msqd;实验结果:0鈔 likunlikunMjenovo-IdeaPad-Y471A: /lab4ILkurillkivi- Lenovo - IdeaPdd - Y471A: -$ cd lab4likunyltkun * Lenovo*ideapad-Y471A：*/Iato4 ，/producer 0 332&33203320232053ZO3201329332033203329332013201320332033201320The The T heThe The lheTheTheThe TheThe The

20、 The The T heTheproducer producer producer producer prpducer producer producer producer producer producer producer producer producer producer produce prodjeerIves gtvea gtves gives give 5 give*; gtves gives glvz gives gtves gitve« gtves gives gives gtvestobacco and glu总 glue dnd pdper tabacco a

21、nd glue tobacco and paper ylue and paper tabacco and glue tobacco and pep©r qIlic and pper tobacco and glue tobacco and popcr glue and pdper tobacco and glu tobacco and papr glue and paper tabaccD and glue tobacco and paperlikunlikunMjenowddeaPad-Y471A:likimtllkun-Lenovo-IdePsd-Y471A:-/lBb4S */

22、producer 1J3Z1 lhe3321 The1321 The3321 The331 The33?1 The3321 The3321 The3321 The3321 The3321 The3121 The33Z1 The a丄 TheJ321 The3321 The3321 Thei321 The33?1 Thp3321 The3321 The3321 Th?producer producer producei producer producer producer producer producer producer producer producer producer producer

23、 producer producer producer producer producer producer producer producer produceigives tobacco and pap«r gtves gLp亡 and paper ytvei LobdccQ and glue gives tobacco and paper gtves glue and paper gtves tabacca and glue tobacco and paper gives glue and paper gives tobacco and glue gives tobacco an

24、d paper gtvt?s glue 由nd pper gives tobacco and glw gives tobacco and ppr glvei glue 日nd paper gtves tabacto 白nd glue gtves tabacca and paper gtves glue and paper gives tabacco end qlue givf3 tobacri rind pper gives glue and psper gives tobacco end glue glvps toba< co and ppprl ik u n 1 f kunMje n

25、 o vo- Ide a Pad -Y 471 At /lab4ItkurifLikin -Lenovo-IdeaPdd-Y471A:-/Lab4$ */consunerd bah: ./consu-nere:没有那个文件或口录 likurilikun Lenovo IdaPad-V471A:-/lab4$ r/cohsuner 9 5056 The cunsunerThe consumer gets工0北 The consumerThe consurer gets玉旳5 lhe rnnunerThe consumer gets3030 The consunerThe consulr gers

26、J096 The consurwrThe consumer gets1096 The cansurwrThe consumer gets3036 The consumerThe consumer gets3036 The consumerThe consumer qet5"4096 The ennsumerThe consumer getsJ036 The consunerThe consuwr gets3096 The consurwrhas glu巳* tobacco and has glum” tobacco nd glum* tobacco end has glue toba

27、cco and hos gluc« tobacco «nd h白左glue, tab白tto and has glue, tobacco and has gLue, tobacco and gl_u楼. tobacco and hd5 glue, tobacco 8nd ha各 glw.paperpaperpaperpaperpaperpaperpaperpaperpaperpaper0 likunilikun-Lenovo-IdeaPad-Y471A; /lab4ItkimfL Ikun - Leno vc -1 a Pad - Y471A: - 5 cd lab4Itk

28、unyltkun-Lenovo*LdeaPad-Y47iA："/lab4$ ，/consumer 13IS The consuiner The consumer geti 3318 rhe ccnsuner The consumer gets 3318 The cqnsuner The con'；iiTpr gets J318 The consuner The consumer sets 3318 Thp consuner The consurncr gets 3318 The consoner Tha conurrr gets 対iE The consular The co

29、nsurer gets 33is rhe consumer The consumer gets 3318 The cqnsuner The ronsLjF.pr gets 3318 The consumer The consumer getsThe consuwi The consurer getsh甘右 paper, t口bacco dnd has paper. tobacco and ha paper * tDhacco 2nd has pape* tobacco «r>d has priper, tobacco and has paper. tobacco and has

30、 paper. tobacco and hmm paper. tobacco and has paper + mbacco 2nd has paper, tobacco «r>d has paper. tobacco "dilueglueueglueglueglumgluegLuegl lieglueglue0Q UkunlikunMjenovoddeaPad-Y471A: /lab4ltkim<llkun-Lencvo-IdcAPjd-Y471A:-S cd lab4Itkunyltkun - Lenovo* idea Pad-Y4 71A：*/Iab4 ，/

31、con«upner 1315 The cohsup>er has tobacco.The consuner gets glut dnd paper3319 rhe consuner has Tobacco.glue and paper h日乞 tobacco.glue and paper has tobacco- glue and paper has tobacco.glue and ppor has tobacco.glue and paper has tobaccoglue and paper hmm tobacco.glue and paper has tobacco.g

32、lue and paper haw tobacco glue and paper has tobacco.glue /nd paperThe consumer gets 3319 The cansuner The conLjnter gets J319 The consuner The consumer sets 3319 Thp consurner The consumer gets J319 The consunerThe conurrr gets 1519 The consularThe consumer gets3319 The consumerhe consjrr gets 3319

33、 The consunerThe conuiner gets 3319 The consumerThe consumer gets 3.319 Tht? consumeiThe consumer get呂分析：多进程的系统中避免不了进程间的相互关系。进程互斥是进程之间发生的一 种间接性作用，一般是程序不希望的。通常的情况是两个或两个以上的进程需要 同时访问某个共享变量。我们一般将发生能够问共享变量的程序段称为临界区。 两个进程不能同时进入临界区，否则就会导致数据的不一致，产生与时间有关的 错误。解决互斥问题应该满足互斥和公平两个原则，即任意时刻只能允许一个进 程处于同一共享变量的临界区，而且不能让任一进程无限期地等待。进程同步是进程之间直接的相互作用，是合作进