四六级写作二八法则

1、四六级写作二八法则 第一章 语言写作技巧一、词汇变化 衡量一个人写作能力的高低，很大程度上可以从其对同一意思有多少种表达方式上来判断。 同一意思掌握的表达方工越多，文章就越引人入胜。例 1：如果表示“使”，不要仅靠make:a. This society still makes women unable to enjoy equal rights.b. Women are still denied equal right.a. The photo made me recall my childhood.b. The photo reminded me of my childhood.a. Th

2、e incident always makes me feel painful.b. The incident is a source of pain to me.例2：如要表达"越来越”，不要只使用more and more:a. More and more students find learning English has become more and more important.b. Students in growing numbers find learning English has becomeincreasinglyimportant.a. People con

3、sume more and more vegetables nowadays.b. Vegetable consumption is on the rise nowadays.a. More and more service people are demanded with the development of economy.b. There is an increasingdemand for service people with the development of economy.a. More and more evidence suggests that the second s

4、tyle of management is moreproductive than the first style of management.b. The evidence is mounting that thesecond style of management is more productivethan the first style of management.a. He noticed there were more and more womencontracting the virus and more and more transmissions through sex.b.

5、 He noticed a higher number of womencontracting the virus and a larger proportion of transmissions through sex.例 3：如果表达“大多数”，不要一昧用most:a. Most people prefer to watch TV at home rather than go out to see the film.b. The vast majority of people prefer to watch TV at home rather than go out to see the

6、film.a. Most people take part in sports of different kinds.b. A sizable percentage ofpeople take part in sports of different kinds.a. Most people in developed countries appreciate a high standard of living.b. A considerable proportion of people in developed countries enjoy high standard of living.例4

7、：如果要表达"不仅，而且"，不要只用notonly.but also:a. Mankind is of a piece not only biologically but also physiologically.b. Mankind is of a piece biologicallyas well as physiologically.a. Taking a part-time job can not only earn a little money, but also an opportunity to contact with society.b. Taking a

8、 part-time job means more than a little money you can earn. It also means an opportunity to contact with society.a. Many people read books not only for enjoyment but also for companionship.b. Many people read books as much for enjoyment as for companionship.例 5：表达“很重要”，还可能用不及物动词 count:a. Her opinion

9、 is important because of her experience.b. Her opinion counts because of her experience.接下来的作业：2002 年 12 月四级及六级作文It Pays to Be HonestDirection:For this part, you are allowedthirty minutes to writea composition onthe topic: It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 150 words according to the ou

10、tline given below in Chinese.1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。2. 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实。（二）主语变化 主语必须要符合英美等西方人的思维习惯。中国自古以来就有“天人合一” 的观点，强调人和自然的浑然一体， 因此中文习惯以人作主语。 而英语强调客观， 主语以物或抽象概念居多。 因此，当我们要讲述一个经验性的事实或者常理时，不要过多使用“I think that" ， 议论文中过多使用“ I ”容易影响文章的客观性。使用非人称主语就可以解决这个问题。非人称 主语，即没有生命的东西充当主语。下面是四种常用的主语变换形式及其典型例句和句型：（1）物称

11、主语1. The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan.在历史上，由于长江不断改道在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。2. An idea suddenly stuck her. 她突然想到了一个主意。3. From the moment we entered the house, care and kindness surrounded us on every side.一进这个房子，我们就随时随

12、地承受到关怀与照顾。4. The truth finally dawned on the girl. 这个女孩最终明白了真相。（2）it 当主语1. It's raining cats and dogs. 正在下倾盆下雨。2. It never occurred to me that he was a man who put personal gain above all else. 我从来没想到他是一个把个人利益看得比什么都重要的人。3. It is hoped/anticipated that we can communicate with each other well and

13、establish friendship soon.希望我们能好好交流并迅速建立友谊。（3）there + 系动词结构1. There seems to be no doubt about it. 此事似乎确定无疑。2. There once lived a poor farmer who had four sons. 从前有一个穷苦的农夫，他有 4 个儿子。3. There comes a time when dying seem preferable to staying alive. 有的时候觉得死了似乎比活着好。4. There is broad consensus （ of opin

14、ion ） in the country on this issue. 对这一问题举国上下（舆论）一致。5. In the past decade there has been a marked decrease in the number of young married couples who want to have children.过去几十年里，婚后不要小孩的夫妇明显增多。（4）时间、地点名词作主语 时间、地点名词作主语是英语中常见的用法，是地道的英语表达方式，常用 see, witness, find 等词作谓语。1. Shanghai first saw the rise of

15、the movement. 这个运动首先在上海兴起。2. The little town has witnessed many great changes. 这个小镇发生了许多重大的变化。（ 例文 ）It Pays to Be HonestAs is known to all, "It pays to be honest". Dishonesty can result in guilty feelings, cause distrust among people and even ruin your reputation although being honesty may

16、 get you into trouble or hurt someone in some cases.However, dishonesty is rampant in our society. In the first place, many merchants coax the customers to buy fake commodities. Take my neighbor Xiao Wang as an example. He bought a TV set with 2,000 yuan a week ago, but now it doesn't work at al

17、l. In the second place, some students cheat on exams in order to pass the exams or achieve scholarships. Last but not least, many renowned people cheat the government by evading taxes.On the contrary, honesty not only brings us honor and friendship, but also material gains. To begin with, if we are

18、honest, we can earn others' trust, which in turn gives us self-respect as well as social companionship. So to sum up, it does pay to be honest.写作套路分析黄金模板一Although . , .is still prevalent in our society. For example, .Those who . . As a result, . .On the other hand, .By contrast, . . Besides, . .

19、 So we can say that. .All mentioned above tells us that it is high time that we took action to . . But one thing we have to notice is that. . In short, . .黄金模板二As is know to all, . . . can result in . , cause . and even . although . in some cases.However, . . In the first place, . . Take . as an exa

20、mple. In the second place, . . Last but not least, is a good case in point.On the contrary, . not only . , but also . . To begin with, . . So to sum up, . .黄金模板三Nowadays every one of us has been confronted with too many instance of . . We can't help asking ourselves: . ?., should and would never

21、 go out of style. On the other hand, . . On the other hand, . .All threat has been discussed above points to an undeniable fact that . .今天作业：2000 年 6 月四级及六级作文 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Is a Test

22、 of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120-150 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是2. 也有人持不同意见，3. 我的看法和打算是A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component

23、 of the College English Test ( CET ).例文 :A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of College English Test. Many people believe it's very necessary to take such a test. To begin with, as a basic part of the language, spoken English is getting more and more important in t

24、his information age. One won't achieve much in the intercultural communication unless one can express oneself well. In other words, fluent English is an indication of one's mastery of the language. Therefore, a test ought to be designed to assess one's level of spoken English.However, so

25、me people don't think it necessary to take such a test. They hold that written exam is enough to indicate one's comprehensive English level. So long as one doesn't want to study abroad or cooperate with foreigners in foreign enterprises or companies, one needn't worry about taking su

26、ch a test. Because written English enables students not only to read reference books but also work on Internet. Therefore, in their opinion, a test of spoken English will only add to the students' burden of sudy and thus it's vital for students to take it.I believe it's very necessary fo

27、r students to take it. On the one hand, such a test will stimulate students to improve their oral English. On the other hand, it will help make students more competent in the fierce competition, and push their English to a higher level.To sum up, with China's entry into the WTOand the arrivalof

28、knowledge economy age, it's more and more important for students to improve their oral English. Therefore, a test of spoken English is not only necessary but also vitally important.作业2000 年 1 月四级及六级作文How I Finance My College Education Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to

29、write a composition on the topic: HowI Finance MyCollege Education. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition ( given in Chinese ) below:1. 上大学的费用 ( tuition and fees ) 可能通过多种途径解决 .2. 哪种途径适合我 ?( 说明理由 )How I Finance My College EducationPreviously in China, a university e

30、ducation was funded by the government. Nowadays, things have changed and students must now finance their own education. As a result, students are now faced with the problem how they can pay for the college education.There are several possible ways to raise the money to pay fees and tuition.First, pa

31、rents are a source for college funding, as is the case with most students.Second, scholarships are also available for students with outstanding academic performance. Third, banks can provide loans to students who need them without collateral. And manystudents can take part-time jobs to help finance

32、their education. In cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, there are many part-time job opportunities for students both on and off campus.Personally, I believe a scholarship is the best way to fund my education asit not only pays fees and tuition, but also encourages me to study hard. All in all, we s

33、hould choose a suitable way to finance our college education, but we must bear in mind that study is our major task.How I Finance My College Education 解题思路（ 1）审题 本文标题是通过什么样的途径来解决上大学费用的问题， 很显然这是篇问 题解决型的议论文。（ 2）构思 全文可以分三个自然段。 第一自然段可以引出中心议题， 即中国的高等教 育面临改革， 大学生必须解决自己的上学费用问题。 第二段可以说明有很多途径可以解决这 个问题。譬如说，依靠

34、父母是最普遍的现象。 而优秀的大学生可以申请奖学金，穷困的学生 则可申请贷款。兼职也是大学生赚取学费的途径之一。第三段则着重说明作者自己的情况。 父母双双下岗， 无力替作者交纳学费， 因此作者必须自力更生解决这一问题。 由于作者的所 在地并非特困区，不能申请贷款，因此他选择了当家庭教师， 不仅走出了困境，还在学业上 取得了不小的进步。提纲如下：Para.1. TS: Nowadays college students must pay tuition.Para.2. TS: There are many ways for a student to finance his college edu

35、cation.DS: depend on parentsDS: apply for scholarshipsDS: take loansDS: take part-time jobsPara.3. DS: laid-off parentsDS:no loanTS: I prefer a part-time job.DS: better off financiallyDS: make progress academicallyDS: win scholarship附：四六级作文评分标准（1）阅卷标准共分 6 等，各有标准样卷一至两份。（2）阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照参照卷评分，若认为与某一分数相

36、似，即定为该分数； 若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加一分或减一分，但不得加或减半分。（3）具体评分标准如下：第 1 级切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误。第 2 级切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语主错误。第 3 级基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多， 其中 有一些是严重错误。第 4 级基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。第 5 级条理不清， 思路紊乱， 语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误， 且多数为严重错误。第 6 级白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。（4）字数不足应酌情扣分。本期作业：

37、2001 年 1 月四级及六级作文 How to Succeed in a Job Interview?（省略经常出现那几句）1. 面试在求职过程中的作用。2. 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是How to Succeed in a Job Interview?Besides writtendocuments like resume and recommendation letters,andemployer needs some first-hand information about the applicant, such as his appearanc

38、e and response. So a job interview often comes after one's applicationhasbeen accepted. As the employer will base his final decision on the performance of the candidate in the interview, job interviews are of great importance to any applicant. To some extent, to succeed in a job interview is to

39、succeed in acquiring the job.If you are going to have a job interview, please pay attention to the following things. First of all, be sure to arrive on time. If you are late, even if only one minute, your chance of getting the job willbecome gloomy. Secondly, be careful aboutyour appearance. Your dr

40、ess should be neat, formal and proper for the occasion.Thirdly, be polite to your interviewer but confident of yourself. Your good manners and confidence will leave a pleasant impression on your future boss.A job interview is both a challenge and an opportunity for you. Bear the above points in mind

41、, and I believe you can make good use of the chance. Wish you good luck.一、问题解决型A： 2001 年 1 月四级及六级作文 How to Succeed in a Job Interview?（ 省略经常出现那几句。 。）1. 面试在求职过程中的作用。2. 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是B： 2000 年 1 月四级及六级作文 How I Finance My College EducationDirections: For this part, you are allowed th

42、irty minutes to write a composition on the topic: HowI Finance MyCollege Education. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition ( given in Chinese ) below:1. 上大学的费用 ( tuition and fees ) 可能通过多种途径解决 .2. 哪种途径适合我 ?(说明理由 )C: 2004 年 1 月六级作文 Reduce Waste on Campus Directions: F

43、or this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Reduce Waste on Campus. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition ( given in Chinese ) below:1. 目前有些校园内浪费现象严重。2. 浪费的危害。3. 从我做起，杜绝浪费。 黄金模板分析二八法则 写作文 CET-4/6 (2) 作业分析 2000 年 6 月四级及六级作文 Is a

44、 Test of Spoken English Necessary?1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是2. 也有人持不同意见，3. 我的看法和打算是A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test ( CET ).对比选择型黄金模板一Some people contend that it is absolutely necessary to . because On the other hand, there are also people w

45、ho maintain that .I believe that . will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to . is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether . or not, I shall make every effort to .黄金模板二Is it necessary to . ?Ma

46、ny people think it necessary. As we all know, . But at present, . Moreover, .However, there are people who have different opinions. Most of their concerns lie in . Because . .I feel . . I have made up my mind to . .黄金模板三Many people express their support for . . For one thing, with the deepening of r

47、eform and wider opening to the outside world, . . For another, . .Therefore, . is really necessary.However, some people hold the opposite viewpoint. They regard . as being unnecessary. They argue that . . Furthermore, . .I amin favor of the test because . . So I am determined to makeuse of every opp

48、ortunity to . , and surely it will do me much good.二八法则 写作文 CET-4/6 (3) 分析2000 年 1 月四级及六级作文 How I Finance My College Education 1. 上大学的费用 ( tuition and fees ) 可能通过多种途径解决 .2. 哪种途径适合我 ?(说明理由 )问题解决型黄金模板一With . , . is also undergoing great changes. One of them is . . According to . , . are supposed to .

49、.There are many ways . as is the most commoncase in China. As to . ,they may . . And . . In addition, . is also a common way . .With . . However, . . So . . Instead, I prefer . . In this way, I find myself not only . , but also . . As a result, . .黄金模板二Nowadays, . . . has become a matter of concern

50、for many.You can deal with it in many ways. To begin with, . , so it is advisable that . . Secondly, it is . that . . Thirdly , . . Or . .In myopinion, . way mayprove to be quite beneficial. On the other hand, . . Therefore, . .其实大家可以从每个黄金模板里知道，这篇文章，要怎么写，如何下手了。 不会每次拿到一个文章，而不知道从何下手，该先写哪一句。昨日作业： 2004

51、年 1 月六级作文 Reduce Waste on Campus 1. 目前有些校园内浪费现象严重。2. 浪费的危害。3. 从我做起，杜绝浪费。 例文：Nowadays, there is too much waste on some campuses. You often see students leaving their dorm with lights on. You also find that many a student, after washing their clothes, doesn't bother to turn off the tap, leaving th

52、e water running. Ifyou go to the cafeteria at dinnertime, you are likely to see tables covered with the remains of all kinds of food.Waste is very harmful. Ifyou are extravagant with your money, you will soonbe very poor. Likewise, if man recklessly exploits the natural resources, then he is sure to

53、 have a dismal future. What's more, being wasteful is a bad habit that, like a drug, gradually erodes a human being's virtues. Once a person grows wasteful, the virtue that is frugality is eroded within him.Perhaps it is time we attached importance to the old saying " Waste not, want no

54、t." And fighting waste is everybody's business! As college students, we should strive to reduce waste on campus. With everyone doing his bit, it will not be long before "the good old days" come back.观点论证型：（今日作业）1999 年 1 月四级及六级作文 Don't Hesitate to Say "NO"1. 别人请求帮助时，在

55、什么情况下我们会说“不”。2. 为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不会说“不”。3. 该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。今日作业可使用套路一、It is true that . . However, . . I think that . . The reasons can be listed as follows.Firstly, . . Secondly, . . For example, . . Thirdly, . . A case in point is that . .It goes without saying that . . But it is out of question that

56、 we should In conclusion, . .In our daily life, there are manyoccasions For another, . .However, it is not the case in our real life, . .In fact, it is quiteon which we . . For one thing,to do so. . . Inaddition,. In conclusion,As a general rule,Another example is . .However, we cannotIt is importan

57、t to, but there are occasions when . For instance,ignore the fact that . keep in mind that . . In the end, . . Therefore, it is high time that . . A notableFor example,case in point is . . . Moreover, .other, but there are occasion when it is better to refuse when a childModel essay:As a general rul

58、e, people like to help each you shouldn't hesitate to say "no". For instance, pesters you for sweet food and drinks or for too many toys. Another example is when a relative would take advantage of your relationship for a bank loan or promotion at work.However, we cannot ignore the fact that many people still have a hard time saying "no&qu