心理学专业英语复习材料(共13页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上心理学专业英语复习资料I.Translate the Following English Phrases into Chinese1. Research Methods 研究方法2. Psychophysics 心理物理学3. Theories of Learning 学习理论4. Social Cognition 社会认知5 Personality Test 人格测试6. Extraneous Variable 无关变量7. Longitudinal Study 纵向研究8. Crystallized Intelligence 晶体智力9. Motor contro

2、l 运动控制10. Corpus Callosum 胼胝体11. Group Thinking 群体思维12. Social Loafing 社会懈怠13. Social Exchange 社会交换14. Social Approval 社会赞许15. Diffusion of Responsibility 责任分散16. Recency Effec 近因效应17 Trace Decay 痕迹消退18. Retrograde Amnesia 倒摄遗忘19. Social Support 社会支持20. Self-efficacy 自我效能21. Case Study 个案研究II.Transl

3、ate the Following Chinese Word Groups into English 1. 机能主义 functionalism2. 自我实现 selfactualization3 一般规律研究法 nomothetic method4. 分层抽样 stratified sampling5. 外在信度 external reliability6. 选择性注意 selective attention7. 知觉恒常性 perceptual constancy8. 自我概念 self concept9. 液体智力 fluid intelligence10. 安全型依恋 secure a

4、ttachment11. 性别图示 gender schema12. 亲社会行为pro social behavior13. 从众实验 conformity experiment14. 头脑风暴 brain storming15. 社会助长 social facilitation16. 旁观者效应bystander effect17. 标准差 standard deviation18. 柱状图 bar chart19. 正态分布 normal distribution20. 临界值 critical value21. 知觉适应 perceptual adaptationIII. Multipl

5、e Choices1. Like Carl Rogers, I believe people choose to live more creative and meaningful lives. My name isa. Wertheimer. b. Washburn. c. Skinner. d. Maslow. 2. The goals of psychology are toa. develop effective methods of psychotherapy. b. describe, predict, understand, and control behavior. c. ex

6、plain the functioning of the human mind. d. compare, analyze, and control human behavior. 3. The "father" of psychology and founder of the first psychological laboratory wasa. Wilhelm Wundt. b. Sigmund Freud. c. John B. Watson. d. B. F. Skinner. 4. You see a psychologist and tell her that

7、you are feeling depressed. She talks to you about the goals you have for yourself, about your image of yourself, and about the choices that you make in your life and that you could make in your life. This psychologist would probably belong to the _ school of psychology.a. humanistic b. psychodynamic

8、 c. behavioristic d. Gestalt 5. Biopsychologistsa. limit the scope of their study to animals. b. are concerned with self-actualization and free will. c. stress the unconscious aspect of behavior. d. attempt to explain behavior in terms of biological or physical mechanisms. 6. In a study of effects o

9、f alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be givena. a high dosage of alcohol. b. one-half the dosage given the experimental group. c. a driving test before and after drinking alcohol. d. no alcohol at all. 7. The phrase "a theory must also be falsifiable" meansa. researchers

10、misrepresent their data. b. a theory must be defined so it can be disconfirmed. c. theories are a rich array of observations regarding behavior but with few facts to support them. d. nothing. 8.A common method for selecting representative samples is to select thema. randomly from the larger populati

11、on. b. strictly from volunteers. c. by threatening or coercing institutionalized populations. d. from confidential lists of mail order firms. 9. The chief function of the control group in an experiment is that ita. allows mathematical relationships to be established. b. provides a point of reference

12、 against which the behavior of the experimental group can be compared. c. balances the experiment to eliminate all extraneous variables. d. is not really necessary. 10. Which of the following best describes a double-blind experimental procedure?a. All subjects get the experimental procedure. b. Half

13、 the subjects get the experimental procedure, half the placebo; which they receive is known only to the experimenter. c. Half the subjects get the experimental procedure, half the placebo; which they receive is not known to subjects or experimenters. d. All subjects get the control procedure. 11. A

14、simple experiment has two groups of subjects calleda. the dependent group and the independent group. b. the extraneous group and the independent group. c. the before group and the after group. d. the control group and the experimental group. 12. One of the limitations of the survey method isa. obser

15、ver bias. b. that it sets up an artificial situation. c. that replies may not be accurate. d. the self-fulfilling prophecy. 13. To replicate an experiment means toa. use control groups and experimental groups. b. use statistics to determine the effect of chance. c. control for the effects of extrane

16、ous variables. d. repeat the experiment using either identical or improved research methods. 14. Information picked up by the body's receptor cells is termeda. cognition b. perception. c. adaptation. d. sensation. 15. The incoming flow of information from our sensory systems is referred to asa.

17、sensation. b. perception. c. adaptation. d. cognition. 16. A researcher presents two lights of varying brightness to a subject who is asked to respond "same" or "different" by comparing their intensities. The researcher is seeking thea. just noticeable difference. b. absolute thr

18、eshold. c. subliminal threshold. d. minimal threshold. 17.Film is to camera as _ is to eye.a. retina b. iris c. lens d. pupil 18. Black and white vision with greatest sensitivity under low levels of illumination describes the function ofa. the cones. b. the visual pigments. c. the rods. d. the phosp

19、henes. 19. Unpleasant stimuli may raise the threshold for recognition. This phenomenon is calleda. aversive stimulation. b. absolute threshold. c. perceptual defense. d. unconscious guard. 20. When infants are placed in the middle of a visual cliff, they usuallya. remain still. b. move to the shallo

20、w side of the apparatus. c. move to the deep side of the apparatus. d. approach their mothers when called, whether that requires moving to the shallow or deep side. 21.The fact that objects that are near each other tend to be grouped together is known asa. closure. b. continuation. c. similarity. d.

21、 nearness. 22. An ability to "read" another person's mind is termeda. clairvoyance. b. telepathy. c. precognition. d. psychokinesis. 23.The fact that infants will often crawl off tables or beds shows thata. depth perception is completely learned. b. human depth perception emerges at ab

22、out 4 months of age. c. integration of depth perception with motor skills has not yet been accomplished. d. depth perception is completely innate. 24. Sensations are organized into meaningful perceptions bya. perceptual constancies. b. localization of meaning. c. perceptual grouping (Gestalt) princi

23、ples. d. sensory adaptation. 25. The analysis of information starting with features and building into a complete perception is known asa. perceptual expectancy. b. top-down processing. c. bottom-up processing. d. Gregory's phenomenon. 26. One recommended way for parents to handle problems of occ

24、asional bed wetting in children is toa. limit the amount of water they drink in the evening. b. punish them for "wet" nights. c. wake them up during the night to use the toilet. d. consider medication or psychotherapy. 27. Teachers, peers, and adults outside the home become important in sh

25、aping attitudes toward oneself in Erikson's stage ofa. trust versus mistrust. b. initiative versus guilt. c. industry versus inferiority. d. integrity versus despair. 28. With aging there is a decline of _ intelligence, but not of _ intelligence.a. fluid; fixed b. fixed; fluid c. fluid; crystall

26、ized d. crystallized; fluid29. The single most important thing you might do for a dying person is toa. avoid disturbing that person by not mentioning death. b. allow that person to talk about death with you. c. tell that person about the stages of dying. d. keep your visits short and infrequent in o

27、rder to avoid tiring that person. 30. The five-factor model of personality includesa. social interactionism. b. neuroticism. c. agreeableness. d. sense of humor. 31. An adjective checklist would most likely be used by aa. psychodynamic therapist. b. behaviorist. c. humanistic therapist. d. trait the

28、orist. 32. Jung believed that there are basic universal concepts in all people regardless of culture calleda. persona. b. collective consciousness. c. archetypes. d. mandalas. 33. Behaviorists are to the external environment as humanists are toa. stress. b. personal growth. c. humankind. d. internal

29、 conflicts. 34. Self-actualization refers toa. a tendency that causes human personality problems. b. what it is that makes certain men and women famous. c. anyone who is making full use of his or her potentials. d. the requirements necessary for becoming famous, academically distinguished, or rich.

30、35. If you were asked to describe the personality of your best friend, and you said she was optimistic, reserved, and friendly, you would be using the _ approach.a. psychodynamic b. analytical c. humanistic d. trait 36. The halo effect refers toa. the technique in which the frequency of various beha

31、viors is recorded. b. the use of ambiguous or unstructured stimuli. c. the process of admitting experience into consciousness. d. the tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to unrelated details of personality. 37.A truck gets stuck under a bridge. Several tow-trucks are u

32、nable to pull it out. At last a little boy walks up and asks the red-faced adults trying to free the truck why they haven't let the air out of the truck's tires. Their oversight was due toa. divergent thinking. b. cognitive style. c. synesthesia. d. fixation. 38. _ thinking goes from specifi

33、c facts to general principles.a. Deductive b. Inductive c. Divergent d. Convergent 39. In most anxiety disorders, the person's distress isa. focused on a specific situation. b. related to ordinary life stresses. c. greatly out of proportion to the situation. d. based on a physical cause. 40. The

34、 antisocial personalitya. avoids other people as much as possible. b. is relatively easy to treat effectively by psychotherapy. c. tends to be selfish and lacking remorse. d. usually gives a bad first impression. 41. One who is quite concerned with orderliness, perfectionism, and a rigid routine mig

35、ht be classified as a(n) _ personality.a. histrionic b. obsessive-compulsive c. schizoid d. avoidant 42. In psychoanalysis, patients avoid talking about certain subjects. This is calleda. avoidance. b. transference. c. analysis. d. resistance. 43. In psychoanalysis, an emotional attachment to the th

36、erapist that symbolically represents other important relationships is calleda. resistance. b. transference. c. identification. d. empathy. 44. In aversion therapy a person _ to associate a strong aversion with an undesirable habit.a. knows b. learns c. wants d. hopes 45. Behavior modification involv

37、esa. applying non-directive techniques such as unconditional positive regard to clients. b. psychoanalytic approaches to specific behavior disturbances. c. the use of learning principles to change behavior. d. the use of insight therapy to change upsetting thoughts and beliefs. 46. A cognitive thera

38、pist is concerned primarily with helping clients change theira. thinking patterns. b. behaviors. c. life-styles. d. habits. 47._ is best known for his research on conformity.a. Asch b. Rubin c. Schachter d. Zimbardo 48. Solomon Asch's classic experiment (in which subjects judged a standard line

39、and comparison lines) was arranged to test the limits ofa. social perception. b. indoctrination. c. coercive power. d. conformity. 49. Aggression is best defined asa. hostility. b. anger. c. any action carried out with the intent of harming another person. d. none of these 50. Which of the following

40、 is the longest stage of grieving for most people?a. shock b. anger c. depression d. agitation 51. Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of psychology? A) science B) therapy C) behavior D) mental process 52The term psychopathology refers to A) the study of psychology. B) study of psyc

41、hological disorders. C) the distinction between psychologists and psychiatrists. D) the focus of counseling psychology. 53. In which area of psychology would a researcher interested in how individuals persist to attain a difficult goal (like graduating from college) most likely specialize? A) motiva

42、tion and emotion B) physiological psychology C) social psychology D) community psychology 54. A psychologist who focused on the ways in which people's family background related to their current functioning would be associated with which psychological approach? A) the behavioral approach B) the p

43、sychodynamic approach C) the humanistic approach D) the cognitive approach 55. The researcher most associated with functionalism is A) William James. B) Wilhelm Wundt. C) Charles Darwin. D) E. B. Titchener.56. A psychologist is attempting to understand why certain physical characteristics are rated

44、as attractive. The psychologist explains that certain characteristics have been historically adaptive, and thus are considered attractive. This explanation is consistent with which of the following approaches? A) the sociocultural approach B) the humanistic approach C) the cognitive approach D) the

45、evolutionary approach 57. Which approach would explain depression in terms of disordered thinking? A) the humanistic approach B) the evolutionary approach C) the cognitive approach D) the sociocultural approach 58. Which of the following would a sociocultural psychologist be likely to study? A) the

46、impact of media messages on women's body image B) the way in which neurotransmitters are implicated in the development of eating disorders C) the impact of thinking patterns on weight management D) the benefits of exercise in preventing obesity 59. Why is psychology considered a science? A) It f

47、ocuses on internal mental processes. B) It classifies mental disorders. C) It focuses on observation, drawing conclusions, and prediction. D) It focuses on behavior. 60. Why is it important to study positive psychology? A) Psychologists are only interested in the experiences of healthy persons. B) W

48、e get a fuller understanding of human experience by focusing on both positive and negative aspects of life. C) Negative experiences in people's lives tell us little about people's mental processes. D) Psychology has been too focused on the negativeIV. Blank filling1. The perspective that foc

49、uses on how perception is organized is called psychology.2. A(n) is a broad explanation and prediction concerning a phenomenon of interest.3. The variable is expected to change as a result of the experimenter's manipulation.4. Bill refuses to leave his house because he knows spiders live outside

50、. Bill is most clearly suffering from a . 5. Learned _ may develop when a person is repeatedly exposed to negative events over which he/she has no control. 6. Troublesome thoughts that cause a person to engage in ritualistic behaviors are called _.7. Psychologists consider deviant, maladaptive, and

51、personally distressful behaviors to be _.8. Ken is impulsive, reckless, and shows no remorse when he hurts other people. He is often in trouble with the law. Kevin is most likely to be diagnosed with _ personality disorder. 9. The researcher known as the "father of modern psychology" was W

52、ilhelm _. 10. Asking someone to think about their conscious experience while listening to poetry would be an example of _. 11. The field of psychology that is interested in workplace behavior is called Industrial and _ psychology. 12. _ is a statistic that measures the strength of the relationship b

53、etween two variables. 13. In a set of data, the number that occurs most often is called the _. 14. In a set of data, the average score is called the _. 15. A study that collects data from participants over a period of time is known as a(n) _. 16. The variable that a researcher manipulates is called

54、the _ variable. 17. _statistics are used to test a hypothesis.18. A mental framework for how a person will think about something is called a _. 19. Rapid skeletal and sexual development that begins to occur around ages nine to eleven is called _. 20. A generalization about a group that does not take

55、 into account differences among members of that group is called a(n) _. 21. Feeling the same way as another, or putting yourself in someone else's shoes, is called _. 22. Feelings or opinions about people, objects, and ideas are called _.23. When you saw a movie in a crowded theater you found yo

56、urself laughing out loud with everyone else. When you saw it at home, though, you still found it funny but didn't laugh as much. This is an example of _ contagion. 24. When Carlos first sat next to Brenda in class he didn't think much of her. After sitting next to her every day for a month he really likes her. This is best explained by t