海洋石油修井机能力优化设计!!!

1、收稿日期20050510作者简介朱赤兵(1965,男,1987年大学毕业,高级工程师,硕士生,现主要从事海洋石油钻采设备开发与研制及管理工作。海洋石油修井机能力优化设计朱赤兵(长江大学机械工程学院,湖北荆州434023;中海油服技术中心钻采所,广东湛江524057张晓东(西南石油学院机电学院,四川成都610500摘要对海洋石油修井机HX J158系列在设计过程中主要设备的能力计算和设计优化做了较为详细的论述,介绍了该设备在设计和校核全过程和设计思路。实际应用表明,其优化设计方案是合理的,有利于降低成本,提高经济效益。关键词修井机;能力设计;设计优化;动力配置中图分类号TE935文献标识码A 文

2、章编号10009752(200503056602修井机井架设计为液压起升、立放、直立式、轻便型无绷绳井架。上下底座可纵横移动对中平台每口井位作业。系列:HX J 158;大钩最大载荷:1580kN ;大钩额定载荷:1200kN 。1动力系统通过分析,提出采用柴油机机械、液力传动方式为最佳方案。因为如果采用电驱动方式,修井作业设备正常作业时用电量约1500kW (包括泥浆系统用电量。为保证修井作业正常,需保证提供2000kW 电量,平台将增加1座庞大的电站,加之修井作业为不稳定间断用电,对电网冲击大。为此认为,为节约能源和管理方便,采用柴油机为动力驱动方案为理想方案。2发动机和传动箱技术要求修井

3、机采用液力+机械传动方式,动力经阿里逊(Allison 传动箱后,再经齿轮传动、链传动后驱动绞车和转盘。齿轮传动箱及链传动传至主滚筒,实现主滚筒的旋转,通过游动系统完成起下作业。转盘和绞车采用同一动力驱动。动力经绞车后,通过链传动至转盘传动装置,再通过降距链条盒传至转盘,实现转盘旋转运动。绞车传动路线为:传动轴链传动快绳钢丝绳系发动机+传动箱角传动箱绞车主滚筒天车游车。转盘传动路线为:传动轴链传动链传动链传动发动机+传动箱角传动箱绞车主滚筒转盘传动装置传动轴降距链条箱转盘。结合我国海洋平台修井机的使用特点,发动机采用进口柴油机,柴油机由压缩空气起动。要求带有火花捕灭器、消音装置、失水、高水温、

4、低油压、飞车(超速等安全保护装置及紧急停机装置,配置全套标准柴油机仪表(采用直感式或本质安全型仪表并带有火花捕灭器和消音装置等。柴油机选用卡特皮勒(Caterpillar 或底特律(Detroit 产品。液力传动箱采用美国通用汽车公司Allison 液力传动箱,具有5个正档和1个倒档。其特点:可降低冲击载荷,消除来自动力机的扭震和工作机的动载荷的影响;使整机传动平稳,加速、降速均匀,充分发挥装机功率,保证发动机的最佳工作状态;液力+机械传动简化了整机的传动系统,同时也简化了绞车结构,减轻了绞车重量。液力传动箱要求配有整套刹车管线、仪表(本质安全型和P TO 取力器。3绞车绞车采用单滚筒,主刹车

5、采用水冷却系统,带水刹车或辅助推盘刹车系统。绞车驱动方式为柴油机665石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报2005年6月第27卷第3期Journal of Oil and G as T echnology (J 1J PI J un 12005Vol 127No 13+液力传动驱动,柴油机功率按修井机最大载荷1580kN 选配,传动由Allison 液力传动箱和齿轮传动。其配量为,主滚筒:滚筒体带有里巴斯(L EBU S 绳槽;离合器:采用轴向式多片离合器;刹车冷却方式:喷水冷却或循环水冷却;刹车装置:盘式刹车或带式刹车;辅助刹车:EA TON 辅助刹车或水刹车;钻井钢丝绳:钢丝绳应带有备用钢丝绳

6、卷筒,安装在钻台的适当位置;天车防碰装置:安装在绞车主滚筒上。4转盘为适应油井大修、侧钻作业的需要,修井机配备通径为27in 的A PI 标准转盘。转盘带有9&3in 20in 套管补芯,配备3in 5in 钻杆补芯和方钻杆滚子补芯。转盘应配备转盘扭矩仪和能量释放装置(防反转装置,用于防止钻杆柱的高速反向回转。转盘应设有锁紧装置,可将方补芯锁在转盘上。其配量包括,通径:27in ;最大工作扭矩:27459N m ;最大净载负荷:4500kN ;最大转速:300r/min 。5功率参数选取各部件传动效率如下:Alliso n 传动箱0198;齿轮传动箱0198;输入链条0197;主滚筒轴

7、0198;主滚筒0198;轮系效率01841;输出链条0197;转盘传动装置0198;降距链条0197;转盘0198。从发动机到大钩的效率为:1=0198×0198×0197×0198×0198×01841=01752从发动机到转盘的效率为:2=0198×0198×0197×0198×0198×0197×0198×0197×0198=01808则动力配置为:P =Q max ×V /1=1580×012/01752=379(kW 。式中,Q ma

8、x 为修井机最大载荷,1580kN ;V 为大钩最大载荷时提升速度,012m/s 。在修井机设计中,动力功率按照计算值的1125113倍进行计算,则:P =379×113=493(kW 根据Q/HS20071122002海上石油平台修井机型式与基本参数和CA TERPILLA R 、DETROIT DIESEL 的发动机相关参数,可选用720hp/2100r/min 柴油发动机(其额定功率为558kW/2100r/min ,配备Allsion 液力传动箱,此方案在修井作业时不可避免地出现大马拉小车现象,不利于成本的降低和节约能源。也可选用475hp/2100r/min 双发动机并配备

9、Allsion 液力传动箱并机作为动力,此方案在油田开发前期只配置一套柴油机并配备Allsion 液力传动箱作为动力,留出另一套柴油机并配备Allsio n 液力传动箱后期并机的安装接口位置和空间。在常规作业过程中只用一套发动机,其燃油经济性较好,有利于成本的降低和节约能源。在后期进行钻井作业或油水井大修时可临时租用一套同类型柴油机系统并车作为动力来完成钻完井作业。为此,该1580kN 钩载能力修井机动力配置选用2套475hp ,2100r/min 柴油机(带匹配的Allsion 液力传动箱,其并机为合理配置。编辑苏开科765第27卷第3期朱赤兵等:海洋石油修井机能力优化设计564Status

10、 Monitoring and F ailure Diagnosis for A W ater2injection Pump P ackageZH ANG H ong,LI U Ming2yao(Yangtze Universit y,J ingz hou434023Abstract:Status monitoring and failure diagnosis are carried out on the multistage water2injection pump packages used in oilfields1Through vibration detection and f r

11、equency2spectral analysis the operational status of pump package is moni2 tored and its failures are diagnosed and predicted,by which basis is provided for its prediction and maintenance and ini2 tial achievements are obtained1K ey w ords:water2injection pump;package;status monitor;failure diagnosis

12、;application566C apability Optimized Design of Marine Workover RigsZH U Chi2bing(Yangtze University,J ingz hou434023ZH ANG X iao2dong(S outhw est Pet roleum I nstitute,Cheng du610500Abstract:By taking the workover rigs in L F1322Oilfield for example,a detail discussion is made in the design process

13、of the main equipment capability calculation and optimal design for the marine workover rigs,the integral process and the design concept of the equipment related with workover rigs are introduced1The actual operation indicates that the opti2 mal design is rational,and beneficial for reducing the cos

14、t and improving the economic efficiency1K ey w ords:workover rig;capability design;optimal design;power allocation568Application of Solar E nergy Saving T echnique in An Oilf ieldFAN Y u2ping(L iaohe Oil f iel d B ranch Com pany,CN PC,Panj in124011Abstract:In the development of Zhongyuan Oilfield,a

15、great deal of energy is consumed in pipeline gathering,water in2 jection and gas injection1In the situation of global energy shortage extended day by day,oilfields as bases for energy supply and in order to reduce production cost and create regenerated resources in a better way,the solar energy savi

16、ng techniques are studied and used,and for the first time the solar techniques are used in oil production,by which a suc2 cessf ul example is set up both at home and abroad and it is a breakthrough of new technical revolution,creation and use of regeneration resources1An example of energy saving and

17、 cost reduction and as well as green environmental protection is set up with better economic and social effects1K ey w ords:solar energy;energy saving;heat collector;heat exchanger572T echnique for Oily Sludge and Sand Processing in Linpan Oilf ieldCAO Fang2qi,ZE NG Qing2hui(S hengli Oil f iel d Co1

18、L t d1,S I N O P EC,L inyi251507HE G uo2an(Huabei Oil f iel d B ranch Com pany m S I N O P EC,X ilinghaote026017Abstract:Physicochemistry water dividing2chemical curing method is used and the super strong dewater capacity of the water dividing agent is used to break the network structures of aged oi

19、l to separate the most of water from sludge to have an effective phase segregation for the purpose of obtaining enriched concentration of contaminants and absorbent is used for absorption,the perforation is sealed with chemical reaction for the purpose of adverse curing and innoxious process2 ing1Th

20、e result shows that the process technique is completely suitable for the treatment of oily sludge,which is of great significance to oilfield production and environmental protection1K ey w ords:oily sludge;chemical curing;treating technique;current situation;Linpan Oilfield574R ational Application of E nergy in High2pressure G as R eservoir with G as Expansion E ngine WANG Qiang(Yangtze University,J ingz hou434023;J ianghan Oil f iel d B ranch Com pany,S I N O P EC,S houguang262714Abstract:In consideration of the situation of natural gas development