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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上美语从头学·入门篇 笔记专心-专注-专业Lesson 1 Greetings 打招呼.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:Good morning,May.How are you?B:Hi,Tom.Im fine.And you?A:Not bad.Thanks.B:Good.See you.A:Bye.甲:早啊,小梅。你好吗?乙:嗨,汤姆。我很好,你呢?甲:还不错,谢了。乙:很好,再见。甲:再见。Dialog BA:Hi,May.Hows it going?B:Great.And how are you doing?A:Not bad.B:Ok.See

2、you later.A:Take care.B:You too.甲:嗨,小梅。近来如何?乙:很好,那你呢?甲:还不错。乙:好吧,再见。甲:保重。乙:你也是。1.GreetingsGreetings这个词是复数n.问候招呼致意Dont forget to say greetings to uncle Wang.2.Dialog 会话3.Good morningGood morning=I hope you have a good morning.4.badBad 坏Bed 床This bed is bad.这张床坏了。5.Thanks 这个词是复数6.HiHiHey。Hey不礼貌。7.Great

3、=wonderful=cool.VocabularyIdioms 单词短语注解1.good morninggood morning-good afternoon-good evening晚上好Good night 晚安、再见good evening2.Its a fine day today.今天天气不错。.Grammar Notes 语法重点1.good morning 早安(见面时使用)Good afternoon 午安(见面时使用)Good evening 晚安(见面时使用)Good night 晚安(道别时使用)2.再见Goodbye、bye、see you later、see you

4、、see you tomorrow.3.注意下列问候语的区别:How are you?你好吗?(多用于正式场合)How are you doing?你好吗?(多用于熟朋友之间)How are you getting along?你好吗?How have you been?你最近还好吗/近况如何?Hows it going?还好吧/近况如何?Whats up?近况如何?(多为年轻人所用)Whats happening?近况如何?(=Whats up?)4.注意下列的答句:A.上列问候语中,前三个问句均有you,故可使用下列答句:问句:How are you?你好吗? =How are you d

5、oing? =How are you getting along?答句:Im fine,thank you.我很好,谢谢你 Great,thanks.很好,谢谢你。 Fine,thanks.不错,谢谢你。 Not bad,thanks.还不错,谢谢你。 So-so,thank you.马马虎虎/还过得去,谢谢你。B.“How have you been?”是“How are you?”的完成式,故答句不可说“Im fine,thank you.”或“I am fine,thank you.”而要说“I have been fine,thank you.”或“Fine,thank you.”C.

6、问候句“Hows it going?”、“Whats up?”、“Whats happening?”的主语并非you,故答句不可说“Im fine,thank you.”兹分述如下:问句:Hows it going?还好吧/近况如何?答句:Great,thank you.很好,谢谢你。 Fine,thank you.不错,谢谢你。 Not bad,thanks.还不错,谢谢你。 So-so,thank you.马马虎虎/还过得去,谢谢你。问句:Whats up?、Whats happening?近况如何?答句:Nothing much.没什么。 Same as usual.老样子。5.表示“感

7、谢”的用语:Thanks.Thank you.Thank you very much.Thanks a lot.Thanks a million.(谢谢你一般万次).Substitution 替换1.How are you?=How are you doing?你好吗?2.And you?=What about you?=How about you?3.Hows it going?、Whats up?、Whats happening?近来如何?.Exercises 练习Where there is a will there is a way.有志者事竟成。Lesson 2 Courtesy 礼

8、貌.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:Excuese me.Are you Ann?B:No.Im not.A:Im sorry.Whos Ann?B:She is.A:Thank you.B:Youre welcome.甲:对不起,请问你是安吗?乙:不,我不是。甲:很抱歉。请问安是哪位?乙:她是。甲:谢谢。乙:不客气。Dialog BA:Hi,Im Tom.B:I beg your pardon?A:Im Tom.B:Oh!Hi,Tom.Im May.A:Nice to meet you,May.B:Pleased to meet you.甲:嗨,我是汤姆。乙:对不起,请再说一遍好吗?甲

9、:我是汤姆。乙:哦!嗨,汤姆。我是小梅。甲:很高兴认识你,小梅。乙:幸会,幸会。1.Courtesy costs nothing.礼多人不怪2.May I beg your pardon?=I beg your pardon?=Pardon?.VocabularyIdioms 单词短语注解1.idiot 傻瓜idiom短语、成语2.courtesy 名词 礼貌3.beg 动词 请求,恳求。4.pardon 名词 原谅,宽恕。.Grammar Notes 语法重点1.Excuese me.对不起/打扰一下。Im sorry.对不起/抱歉。以上两句均译成“对不起”,但用法有别:“Excuese m

10、e”用于唤起别人的注意;而“Im sorry”则多表示“抱歉”,尤其是在犯错或有不好的消息要告诉对方时使用。例句:A:Excuese me.Where is the station?B:Im sorry.Im new here.注意:“Excuese me”“Im sorry”之后除可置句点以外,亦可置逗点,再置连接词but,以连接另一个句子。But原意为“但是”,但此处不必译出。因此上列例句亦可写成:A:Excuese me,but where is the station?B:Im sorry,but Im new here.2.Youre welcome.别客气。对方表示谢谢时,可用下列

11、句子或用语回答,这些句子或用语均可译成“别客气”:A:Thank you for your help.B:Youre welcome.=Dont mention it.=Not at all.=No problem.3.I beg your pardon?对不起,请再说一遍好吗?May I beg your pardon?=I beg your pardon?=Beg your pardon?=Pardon me?=Pardon?4.Nice to meet you.很高兴认识你/幸会。=Pleased to meet you.=Glad to meet you.这三句分别由下列完整的句子简化

12、而成:Its nice to meet you.Im pleased to meet you.Im glad to meet you.4.英文中很多句子都是“代名词+be动词”开头的,但在口语中,常为求说话的速度及口气的自然,经常将其简化。“代名词+be动词”简化表人称简化前简化后第一人称单数I am(我是)I'm复数we are(我们是)we're第二人称单数you are(你是)you're复数you are(你们是)you're第三人称单数he is(他是)he'sshe is(她是)she'sit is(它是)it's复数they

13、 are(他/她/它 们是)they'reLesson 3 Name,Age and Nationality 姓名、年龄和国籍.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:Excuese me.Whats your name?B:Im May.A:Hi,May.Where are you from?B:Im from Hong Kong.What about you?A:Im from Japan.甲:对不起,请问你叫什么名字?乙:我叫小梅。甲:嗨,小梅。你是哪里人?乙:我是香港人。那你呢?甲:我是日本人。Dialog BA:May I have your name,please?B:My

14、name is May.A:How old are you?B:Im twenty-five.A:Where are you from?B:Im from Hong Kong.甲:请问尊姓大名?乙:我叫小梅。甲:你几岁了?乙:我25岁。甲:你是哪里人?乙:我是香港人。.VocabularyIdioms 单词短语注解1.nationality 名 国籍2.what about you?那你呢?And you?你呢?3.where are you come from? (×)where are you from? ()where do you come from? ()where do

15、you from? (×)上面4句话,只有where are you from?和where do you come from?是正确的。这两句话的没有区别。.Grammar Notes 语法重点1.疑问句造句法:本段会话中,“Whats your name?”以及“Where are you from?”为含有疑问词what及where的问句,称为疑问句或特殊疑问句。A.形成此类特殊疑问句的疑问词常用的有:what、which、who、where、when、how等,在问句中,这些疑问词一定放在句首。B.中文疑问句与英文疑问句的结构通常是不相同的。中文的疑问句与陈述句结构完全相同,

16、只是前者在句尾加上问号,而后者则置句点。例句:疑问句:他是谁? 陈述句:他是学生。 疑问句:你籍贯哪儿? 陈述句:我籍贯河南。C.但在英文句型中,疑问句及陈述句则有明显的区别。例句:疑问句:Who is he? 陈述句:He is a student. 疑问句:Where are you from? 陈述句:Im from Henan.D.由于中英文结构不尽相同,常造成初学英文者的困扰,因此下列的解说定要熟记,并多多练习造句,方能习惯这些结构。(1)先按中文习惯造一个含疑问词的句子:他是谁? He is who?他何时会来? He when will come?他住在哪里? He lives

17、where?(2)再将疑问词置于句首,即:He is who? Who he is?He when will come? When he will come?He lives where? Where he lives?(3) 若主语之后有be动词时,be动词 与主语要倒装,即:Who he is?Who is he?be动词就是表示“是”的动词,如am,is,are。(4) 若主语之后有助动词时,助动词与主语要倒装,即:When he will come?When will he come?助动词就是置于动词之前,用以帮助该动词加强其意思的一种词类,常用的助动词有will、can、may等。

18、(5) 若主语之后只有动词时,则要在主语前置另一种助动词do或does,且原来的动词要变成原形。即:Where he lives?Where does he live?此处的do或does是帮助我们问问题的助动词。does要与第三人称单数的主语(如he,she,it,Mary,Tom,a boy等)并用。原句"Where he lives?"中,he是第三人称单数,故应使用does,即成“Where does he live?”的正确说法。do则可与第三人称单数的主语以外的任何主语并用。第三人称复数的主语:Where do May and Tom live?When do

19、they go to school?第二人称单数的主语:What do you like?第一人称复数的主语:What do I need?When do we go?E:疑问词who、what及which是疑问代名词,可作主语,此时形成的问句句型与中文间句完全一样,故不使用倒装句型。例句:中文:谁会来? 英文:Who will come? (非Will who come?)中文:哪一个比较好?英文:Which is better? (非Is which better?)2.Where are you from?=Where do you come from?=Whats your natio

20、nality?以上三个问句中,前面两句可以询问省籍或国籍,但是最后一句仅限于询问国籍。例句:A:Where are you from?=Where do you come from?B:Im from New York=I come from New York.或者Im from America=I come from America.3.What about you?=How about you?=And you?4.May I have your name,please?=May I know your name,please? Whats your name?以上二个问句中,第一个语气较

21、客气有礼,多用于正式的场合,第二个(Whats your name?)则多为长辈对晚辈或上司对下属使用。May I,please?请问我可以吗?That's the way the ball bounces.就是这么回事、这就是生活、一直都是这么个样,天生就是这么样,没法解释。 Lesson 4 Introductions 介绍.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:Hi,Tom!Hows it going?B:Great!Whos your friend?A:Oh!Im sorry.This is Kay.B:Pleased to meet you,Kay.C:Nice to mee

22、t you.甲:嗨,汤姆!近来如何?乙:很好!你朋友怎么称呼?甲:奥!真抱歉。这位是凯。乙:幸会,凯。甲:幸会。Dialog BA:Dad.Please meet my girlfriend,May.B:Glad to meet you,May.C:Glad to meet you,too,Mr Lin.B:And what is your family name ,May?C:Its Chen.But you may call me May.B:May Chen.Its a nice name.C:Thank you,sir.甲:爸爸,见见我的女朋友小梅。乙:很高兴认识你,小梅。丙:我也很高

23、兴认识你,林先生。乙:小梅,那么你贵姓呀?丙:我姓陈。不过您可以叫我小梅。乙:陈小梅,这是个好名字。丙:谢谢您,先生。1.Introductions 复数介绍2.Pleased很高兴Please拜托、请.VocabularyIdioms 单词短语注解1.family name 姓(=last name=surname)姓:family name=last name=surname名:first name=given name.Grammar Notes 语法重点1.This is Kay.这位是凯。此处This是指代名词,表示“这个”。指示代名词就是指名某个或某些东西的代名词,通常有四个:th

24、is(这个)、that(那个)、these(这些)、those(那些)。前两者代替单数的名词,后两者代替复数的名词。例句:A:What is this? B:This is a pen. A:What are these? B:These are my toys. A:What is that? B:That is a dog. A:What are those? B:Those are books.在答句时,为了避免与指示代名词重复,可用it代替this或that,they代替these或those。故以上答句可改为:It is a pen.They are my toys.It is a

25、dog.They are my books.this/that/these/those除可作为指示代名词外,也可有形容词的功能,之后接名词,此时this/that/these/those就称为指示形容词。例句:This is a good book. This book is good.2.Mr. Wang 王先生(Mr.是Mister的缩写形)Mrs. Wang 王太太(Mrs.是Missus/Missis的缩写形)Miss. Wang王小姐Ms. Wang 王女士Lesson 5 Occupations 职业.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:Excuse me,Mr. li.This

26、 is Miss Lin.B:How do you do,Miss Lin?C:How do you do?A:Miss Lin works for IBM?B:What a coincidence! I work in a computer company,too.甲:打扰一下,李先生。这位是林小姐。乙:林小姐,你好!丙:你好!甲:林小姐在IBM公司上班。乙:好巧啊!我也是在一家电脑公司上班。Dialog BA:Hi,Tom!Id like you to meet my friend,Sal.B:Pleased to meet you,Sal.C:Same here.B:So,what do

27、 you do,Sal?C:Im a secretary.What about you?B:Im a pilot.甲:嗨,汤姆。我想请你见见我的朋友莎儿。乙:很高兴认识你,莎儿。丙:我也一样。乙:那,你从事哪一行的?丙:我是个秘书。你呢?乙:我是开飞机的。1.What about you?=How about you?Im going on a picnic(野餐),what about you?我要去郊游,那你呢?.VocabularyIdioms 单词短语注解1.occupation 名 职业2.How do you do? 你好!(初次见面时的礼貌用语)3.work for 为工作4.W

28、hat a coincidence! 好巧啊!5.work in 在上班 work in beijing.6.Same here!我也一样!7.What do you do?你从事哪一行的? What is your occupation?8.secretary 名 秘书9.pilot 名 飞行员.Grammar Notes 语法重点1.How do you do,Miss Lin?“How do you do?”是两人第一次见面时,表示礼貌的用语。虽是问句,但实则等于中文的“你/您好!”,听到对方这句话时,亦以同样的话回应。比较“How do you do?”与”How are you?”H

29、ow are you doing?”的不同:“How do you do?”相当于于中文的“你/您好!”,不要译成“你/您好吗?”。用”How do you do?”回应。而”How are you?”或”How are you doing?”则是一种使用于认识的朋友之间,纯粹表示关怀对方身体的问候语。用”Im fine,thank you”回应。2.work for 为工作例:He works for a travel agency.(他替某旅行社工作)比较:He works in a travel agency.(他在某旅行社工作)以上两句意思相同,均可译成“他任职某旅行社。”3.What

30、 a coincidence! 好巧啊!本句是已简化过的感叹句。原句完整的写法为:What a coincidence this/it is!(这真是个巧合呀!)感叹句一共有两种,一为whal引导,另一为How引导,What与How均译成"多么的"或"好(个)",造句法则如下:A.以What引导的感叹句句型如下:What+名词+主语+be动词! 好(个)呀!(1) 先造一个含有“主语+be动词+名词”结构的句子,即:This is a good movie. 这是部好电影。John is a filial son. 约翰是个孝顺的儿子。Mary and

31、John are good students.玛丽和约翰是好学生。再于句首冠以What,并将名词置于What之后,句尾置惊叹号,便大功告成,即:What a good movie this is! 这真是部好电影呀!What a filial son John is! 约翰真是个孝顺的儿子呀!What good students Mary and John are!玛丽和约翰是多么好的学生呀!(3) 实际使用时,通常将"主语+be动词"予以省略,而采用下列简化的说法:What a good movie! 好棒的电影呀!What a filial son! 好孝顺的儿子呀!W

32、hat good students! 多么好的学生呀!B.以How引导的感叹句句型如下:How+形容词+主语+be动词! 多么呀!(1) 先造一个含有“主语+be动词+形容词”结构的句子,即:John is nice. 约翰不错。She is beautiful. 她很美。The children are diligent.这些孩子很用功!(2) 再于句首冠以How,并将形容词置于How之后,句尾置惊叹号,便大功告成,即:How nice John is! 约翰好棒呀!How beautiful she is! 她多美呀!How diligent the children are!这些孩子多么

33、用功呀!(3) 一如What引导的感叹句,在实际使用时,How引导的感叹句中,"主语+be动词"常予省略,而采用下列简化的说法:How nice! 多棒呀!How beautiful! 多美呀!How diligent! 多用功呀!4.Id like you to meet my friend,Sal.我想请你见见我的朋友莎儿。本句是一种请求某人做某事,但语气较客气的祈使句。句型如下:Id like+人+to+原形动词 我想请某人从事例:Id like you to meet my sister.我想请你见见我的妹妹。Id like you to sing a song.我

34、想请你唱首歌。Id like Peter to write a letter for me.我想请彼得替我写一封信。注意:若表示“我想要”时,则采用下列句型:Id like to+原形动词 我想要例:Id like to sing a song for you.我想要为诸位唱首歌比较:I like to sing.我喜欢唱歌。5.Tom:Pleased to meet you,Sal. Sal:Same here.“Same here”相当于”Me too.”此处等于”Pleased to meet you,too.”6.What do you do?你从事哪一行的?=Whats your o

35、ccupation?你的职业是什么?=Whats your job?你的工作是什么?例:A:What do you do?B:Im a teacher.我是教书的。A:What does(不是do) John do?B:He drives a taxi.他是开出租车的。.Substitution 替换1.What a coincidence!好巧呀!What a surprise!真令人惊奇呀!2.Id like you to meet my friend,Sal.我想请你见见我的朋友莎儿。Id like you to call me a cab(cab=taxi).我想请你帮我叫部出租车。I

36、d like you to give me a call.我想请你打个电话给我。He is a miser.他是个守财奴。filial 孝顺Im always on the ball.我随时待命。love letter 情书out of tune(唱歌)走调Lesson 6 Time 时间.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:Excuse me,maam.What time is it,please?B:Its two thirty.A:Thanks.What time is the next train?B:Two forty-five.A:I see.Is it on time?B:Ye

37、s,it is.甲:小姐,打扰一下。请问现在几点了?乙:现在是两点半。甲:谢谢!请问下一班火车是几点开?乙:2点45分。甲:我明白了。它准时吗?乙:是的,它很准时。Dialog BA:Hi,Tom!What time is it,please?B:Its a quarter to seven.A:Oh,no!Im late.B:Its ok.A:What do you mean?B:My watch is fast.甲:嗨,汤姆。请问现在几点了?乙:现在是6点45分。甲:奥,糟了!我迟到了。乙:没关系。甲:你说这话什么意思?乙:我的表快了。1.maam 夫人、小姐.VocabularyIdio

38、ms 单词短语注解1.maam 名 夫人、小姐(对妇女的口头尊称)2.I see.我明白了。3.on time准时4.quarter 名 四分之一;一刻钟(15分钟).Grammar Notes 语法重点1.What time is it,please?请问现在几点了?What time is it by your watch,please?请问你的表现在几点了?(=What time do you have?)问句中的it是代名词,此处代替时间,可表示现在、过去或未来的时间。再本句中,it指现在的时间,译成“现在”,不要译成“它/他”。例:A:What time is it,please?B

39、:Its ten in the morning.What time is it?=What time is the time now?(一般不用后面这个)2.注意下列数字:11 eleven21 twenty-one100 one hundred12 twelve20 twenty1 000 one thousand13 thirteen30 thirty10 000 ten thousand14 fourteen40 forty 100 000 one hundred thousand15 fifteen50 fifty1 000 000 one million16 sixteen60 si

40、xty17 seventeen 70 seventy18 eighteen80 eighty19 nineteen90 ninety3.下列表示时间的说法:A:Its noon.现在是中午12点。=Its twelve noon.Its midnight.现在是午夜12点。=Its twelve midnight.B:Its five past three.现在是3点5分=Its three o five.注意:(1) 此处的o虽等于中文的“零”,但要念成英文字母“o”的音。(2) “3点01分”至“3点09分”要念成:“three o one”、”three o two”three o ni

41、ne”。10分之后均不需加“o”,即:3点10分:three ten3点11分:three eleven其它表示“几点几分”均以此类推。C:分针指到“3”时,可念成”fifteen(15)”或”a quarter”。a quarter原指“四分之一”,60分的四分之一即15分。Its one fifteen.现在是1点15分。=Its fifteen past one.=Its a quatrer past one.但不可说:Its one a quarter.(×)D:分针指到“6”时,可念成”thirty(30)”或”half(一半)”。如:Its two thirty.现在是2

42、点30分/两点半。=Its half past two.但不可说:Its two half.(×)E:分针指到的数字超过“6”,则有下列念法:Its twenty to five.=Its four forty.现在是差20分到5点。=现在是5点差20分。=现在是4点40分。Its five to ten.=Its nine fifty-five.现在是差5分到10点。=现在是10点差5分。=现在是9点55分。F:准点(即分针指到“12”)时,表示“几点钟”有下列说法:Its one oclock.现在是1点。=Its one。Its seven oclock.现在是7点。=Its

43、seven。注意:表示“现在是中午12点/午夜12点”就不必使用oclock,即:Its twelve noon.Its twelve midnight.4.精确表示时间时,应念出“时、分、秒”,即:时:oclock分:minute秒:second故“现在是5点20分18秒”理应说成:Its five oclock,twenty minutes,and eighteen seconds.不过,这个念法实在是太罗嗦了,故实际应念成:Its five twenty and eighteen seconds.5.表示“现在是上午/下午5点20分”应念成:Its five twenty a.m.=It

44、s five twenty A.M.Its five twenty p.m.=Its five twenty P.M.注意:am./A.M.或p.m./P.M. 现在也有人省略缩写符号”.”,直接写成am/AM或pm/PM。6.I see.我明白了。=I understand.7.on time 准时。8.What do you mean?你这话什么意思?9.My watch is fast.我的表快了。My watch is slow.我的表慢了。例句:My watch is ten minutes fast.我的表快了10分钟。The alarm clock is two hours sl

45、ow.这个闹钟慢了2个小时。Lesson 7 Day and Date 日期.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:What day is it today,Tom?B:Its Sunday.A:And is today June 6?B:Yes.Why?A:Because its my birthday.B:Happy birthday,May.A:Thanks.甲:汤姆,今天是星期几?乙:今天是星期日。甲:那么今天是不是6月6日?乙:是啊。为什么这样问呢?甲:因为今天是我的生日。乙:生日快乐,小梅。甲:谢了。Dialog BA:Whats todays date,Tom?B:Its February 14.A:What day is it today?B:Its Friday.A:No,Its not.Its Valentines Day.B:Happy Valentines Day,May.甲:汤姆,今天是几月几号?乙:今天是2月14日。甲:那今天是什么日子呢?乙:今天是星期五。甲:不,才不是呢。今天是情

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