Lesson 12 If书面表达 人教版英语暑假语法专题教案（七升八）

1、英语暑假教案-七升八-第十二讲Lesson 12 If书面表达【内容提要】应用小短文写作【知识要点回硕】1 书信类型描述假期、日常活动、理想和计划介绍喜欢的事物,表明观点介绍人物和事物的特点介绍情况,提出建议、观点,发出邀请、求助、感谢等格式1. 信头:发信人的地址和日期这部分中有时可省去发信人地址,但一般要写日期,放在信纸的右上方2. 称呼:对收信人的尊称最普通的是Dear,但与Mr.,Mrs.,Miss等不同的是Dear后一般用名字,而Mr.,Mrs.,Miss 后不能单独用名字,而只能是姓或姓与名,比如:对John Smith 的称呼,应该是Mr.Smith,Mr.John Smith或

2、Dear John,称呼后面可用逗号或者冒号3. 信的正文4. 结尾:发信人的谦称或敬语放在信的右下方写给同龄人或年长的朋友:Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,Yours等写给好朋友:Love,With love,Best wishes等写给亲戚:Love,With love,Affectionately yours,Your(ever)loving son(sister)等常用的结尾语有:Yours sincerely(知道对方姓名时用),Yours truly/Yours faithfully(不知对方姓名时用)等5. 署名一般在结尾语的下面一行邀请信的要点邀

3、请对象;活动时间;活动地点;活动内容;询问是否接受邀请常用词汇和句型开头部分表示高兴:I was so glad/pleased/happy to receive your letter.表示感谢:Thank you for your wonderful gift/your interesting letter.表示关心与询问:How are you these days?/How are you getting on these days?表示抱歉:I am sorry that I did not write to you sooner but I have been very busy

4、these days. 一般在表示道歉没有及时给对方写信时,还要简述原因或写上安慰的话表示遗憾:I was sorry to learn that you did not do well in the entrance examination. I do hope you are getting better.主体部分这部分内容是最自由的,与汉语书信没有什么区别。私人信件一般文体很随便,可以写任何你想写的内容结尾部分常用的话语有:I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.I am afraid I have to stop now but I

5、will write again.Take good care of yourself and keep in touch.2发言稿/演讲稿/规则类型描述假期,日常活动,理想和计划介绍喜欢的节目和事物,表明观点介绍人物和事物的特点写作技法包括 topical order(话题顺序);chronological order(时间顺序);spatial order(空间顺序);problem-solution order(问题解决顺序)等。 可以根据不同的发言和演讲内容来安排稿件的逻辑顺序和结构常用词汇表顺序:first,second,third.the last等表递进:and,then,aft

6、er that,besides等表让步:though,even though,even if,no matter how,but等表原因:because,because of,as等表归纳:in a word,in all,in general,in summary,in short等表举例:for example,such as,and so on等表解释:in other words,that is to say,in fact等3便条类型留言条、请假条等格式一般由称呼、正文、署名、日期等组成日期要写在右上角,便条的日期要写出月、日称呼称呼应写在第二行,要左起顶格写。便条的称呼较为随便,如

7、:Dear Tom等正文正文应另起一行写,用词要简明扼要署名署名要写在右下角,一般只写留条人的姓名【书面表达】一、题型特点: 书面表达是对学生的语言组织能力、行文表达能力、基础知识、语法、词汇等综合驾驭能力的考查。作文题目由限制性题目到半开放性题目, 提示性词语越来越少, 而给同学们的空间越来越大: 二、考查形式(体裁) : 中考英语考查形式多样: 看图(表) 写作、书信、通知、日记、记人物等。体裁包括: 议论文、记叙文、说明文；三、中考评分标准: 作文一律按档给分, 与错误个数无直接关系。影响作文分数的因素: 1 题目要求、内容要点；2 句子准确、通顺；3 层次结构清晰；4 拼写、语法等错误

8、；5 卷面整洁度；四、做题步骤: 1 审题: 审清作文体裁(类型) 时态、人称等细节；2 列提纲(文章结构框架) : 分几段, 以及每段大体内容；3 写作: 在提纲的基础上补充要点；4 复查: 2遍1遍看查拼写、语法、标点等问题；2遍不出声读查, 靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等；5 誊抄: 不允许做任何的更改。*总之做到三审: 体裁、时态、人称；三思: 词汇>短语>句式；三查: 要点、拼写和语法、连贯。五、作文一般框架: 文章分3段: (1) 综述: 概括性强, 最多2句话引入主题；(2) 正文主要内容: 层次性强, 一定要有过渡型连接词。最多展开3个方面, 每个方面最多2句话；(

9、3) 结尾: 紧扣主题, 2句话内结束, 尽量升华。六、作文万能句式1. It takes sb. +时间+to do2. Sb. spend(某种人称时态) +时间/钱+on sth./ (in) doing sth.3. It's important/necessary/useful/useless/common(for sb.) to do4. It's nice/kind of sb. to do.5. It's time for sb. to do sth.6. It's a waste of time to do7. It seems/seemed

10、that8. too + adj./adv. to do9. so+ adj./adv.+ that10. I am sure that【考点突破】例1 托尼明天和父母去度假,他给朋友李雷留言。 请求李雷帮助照顾一下他的家。 内容包括: 打扫房间,照看宠物,浇花等等。开头结尾已给出,不计人总词数。May 18Dear Li Lei,My parents and I are going on vacation tomorrow.I need your help.Could you please help me look after my house? Please clean the house

11、 and water the flowers. Oh, I have a dog. Will you please feed my dog? And don't forget to give it some water and take it for a walk.Thanks.Tony讲解 本题考查应用文中留言条的写作。写留言条时,可直接说明请求做的事,应包括所给要点,但不需要逐字翻译。可根据提示写出关键词组,如:clean the house,water the flowers等,再运用Couldyouplease.?等句型组织语言。 请求要委婉,表达要流畅。例2初级写作假设你是李

12、明,你的美国笔友迈克想了解你的周末活动情况。 请根据下面的提示,给他回复邮件。提示: 周六上午8:30在学校集合,老师带领我们乘坐公共汽车去塘沽游玩;我们在沙滩上玩,在海里游泳;还在海洋公园(the Sea Park)看了动物表演;在塘沽待了两天,过得很愉快。Dear Mike,How are you recently? Last Saturday,our teacher took us to Tanggu for a trip by bus.We met at eight thirty on the morning in our school and got there at about t

13、en. We played on the beach and swam in the sea. We saw some beautiful fishes and some wonderful animal shows in the Sea Park.I also bought some gifts with my pocket money for my parents.We stayed in Tanggu for two days and we had a great time there.What about your weekend?Yours,Li Ming讲解 本题考查书信写作。根据

14、提示,书信的主题是描述周末活动。 给出的材料比较全面,首先是用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来,如:Last Saturday, our teacher took us to Tanggu for a trip by bus.在此基础上可适当发挥,注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。时态用一般过去时态,人称以第一人称为主。 写作中语言要准确、简明,说明有条理,符合逻辑。【知识点拨】写作中要巧用过渡词过渡词作为一种表示句子之间各种逻辑意义的衔接手段,对写作起着举足轻重的作用。作文常用的过渡词语包括:1. 文章及段落起始常用的过渡词语:to begin with(首先);first of all(第一,

15、首先)等。2. 文章及段落结尾常用的过渡词语:in a word(总之)等。3. 表示因果关系的常用过渡词语:because of(因为);as(因为);so(所以)等。4. 表示比较和对比的常用过渡词语: different from(与不同)等。5. 表示举例的常用过渡词语:for example(举例)等。6. 表示强调的常用过渡词语:in fact(实际上);also(而且,也)等。例3 书面表达某校开展“我是课堂小主人”建议征集活动,各班就此展开讨论,同学们纷纷发言:“我希望能有足够的自主学习时间.” “我喜欢的课堂是每人都有一台笔记本电脑,方便上网查询.” “课上我们能自由地讨论,

16、充分展示我们的学习成果.”等等。请你结合同学们讨论的结果,以电子邮件的形式给校长写一封信,建议什么样的课堂形式更为同学们喜爱,也更有利于同学们未来的发展。内容须包含以下要点:What is your favourite class like?Please tell us an unforgettable experience you've had in your class.Please give at least two suggestions.要求: 1. 80词左右,提示词仅供参考。2. 邮件的格式已给出,开头、结尾不计人总词数。3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。4. 请将答案

17、写在答题卡相应的位置上。Dear Mr. Li,My favourite class is an open and free class where I can learn by myself and discuss in groups, which is good for my development, I think.I still remember an unforgettable experience in my math class.Several days ago I spent a long time working on three math problems in class

18、, but they were too hard for me to work them out. So I had to ask my classmates for help. After a considerable discussion, we solved the problems in our group. How excited I was!Having such a great experience,I want to give two suggestions. First, please don't teach us too much in class. We need

19、 about 30 minutes to learn by ourselves and work in groups every class. Second, please provide us with some laptops if possible, so we can surf the Internet easily. No doubt, we need an open and free class, you see.That's all.Thank you.Best wishes,Zhang Hua 讲解 本题考查建议类书信的写作。根据提示,书信的主题是介绍本校学生喜欢的课堂

20、学习形式并表明个人观点。结合所给材料,逐一写出题干中三个要点的短语或句子,如:My favourite class is an open and free class. 再组织语言构成段落。 写作中注意叙述顺序,写作内容要符合逻辑关系,可适当使用连词和转折词。例4 假设你是李杰,正通过E-mail和美国友好姐妹学校的朋友汤姆交流校纪班规,请你用英语向他介绍下面的“班级公约”。班级公约: 1. 准时到校穿校服,见到老师问声好。2. 上课专心勤思考,作业认真按时交。3. 教室保洁常打扫,离班熄灯关门窗。4. 和谐相处应友爱,互相帮助共进步。要求: 1. 内容完整,意思清楚,表达通顺,书写规范。2.

21、 请勿逐字翻译,90词左右,不包含已给出句子的词数。参考词汇: school uniform; be active in thinkingDear Tom,I'd like to introduce my class rules made by us all. First, we should come to school on time in school uniform. It's polite to greet our teachers when we meet them. Second, we must listen carefully in class and be

22、active in thinking. Also, we should do our homework carefully and hand it in on time. Third, we need to clean the classroom and always keep it clean. And we should turn off lights and close windows and doors before we leave. Fourth, being friendly is important. We will get along well and help each o

23、ther to make progress together.It's our duty to follow all the rules above. What about yours? Please write soon.Yours,Li Jie【试题研究】一、选择题(C) 31. - Do you have fish today?- Sorry, we fish today. You can try our chicken.A. don't eat B. cut up C. are short of(B) 32. This morning, we went shopping

24、 and bought lots of things clothes, books and fruit.A. withB. likeC. from(C) 33. - you often go to the beach?- No, but I last Sunday.A. Do; goB. Did; wentC. Do; did(B) 34. Oh, Mary, you walk too and I can't follow you. Please stop and wait for me.A. quietlyB. fastC. slowly(A) 35. - Can I take a

25、for Simon?- Yes. Please ask him to wait for me at the bus stop after school.A. messageB. showerC. walk(A) 36. - Why don't you tell your parents about your problem?- Well, I don't want them to about me.A. worryB. knowC. talk(C) 37. - Would you like tea juice?- I don't like tea juice. I

26、9;d like some coffee.A. or; andB. and; orC. or; or(A) 38. Please take a map with you when you go out, or you'll .A. get lostB. get dressedC. get tired(C) 39. Let's a bus because I don't have any money a taxi.A. take; withB. ride; forC. take; for(B) 40. - Did you have a nice weekend?- . I

27、 went to the park and had a great time there.A. Not too bad B. Yes, I didC. No, I didn't二、完形填空Are you a good English learner? Do you like learning English? Are you good at English? Would you like 1 well in English? Well, let me tell you a good 2 to learn English well. It is 3 writing diaries in

28、English. When I was in Grade Seven, 4 English was not very good. My English teacher, Mr. Xu, asked me to write diaries in English. It was 5 difficult for me at first. But now, I think it is very 6 . I like reading, listening 7 speaking it. After school, I often go to the Xinhua Book Store to read En

29、glish stories for about three 8 every day.I have no time to 9 TV. Because I spend my free time reading and writing. I'm very good at English now. I think writing diaries 10 one of the best ways to help you with your English study. Why don't you have a try?(C) 1. A. didB. doC. to do(A) 2. A.

30、wayB. roadC. street(C) 3. A. inB. atC. by(B) 4. A. meB. myC. I(B) 5. A. lots ofB. a littleC. a few(C) 6. A. difficultB. boringC. easy(A) 7. A. andB. butC. so(B) 8. A. daysB. hoursC. months(C) 9. A. lookB. seeC. watch(A) 10. A. isB. areC. was三、 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容判断句子正误。正确的填“A”,错误的填“B”。 English breakfast i

31、s a big meal, and it includes(包括) eggs, tomatoes, tea and coffee.For many people, lunch is a quick meal. In cities, there are a lot of sandwich bars. There office workers can buy their favorite bread-brown, white, or a roll and even all kinds of salad, meat and fish. School children can have a hot m

32、eal at school. But many just take a sandwich, a soft drink and some fruit from home."Tea" means two things. It is a drink and also a meal! Some people have afternoon tea with sandwiches, cakes and a cup of tea.They usually have the evening meal quite late, between 6:00 pm and 8:00 pm, and

33、often all the family eat together.On Sundays, many families have a traditional(传统的) lunch. They have chicken, pork with potatoes, vegetables.Englishmen like food from other countries, especially(尤其) from France, China, Italy and India. People often get take-away food. They buy the food outside and t

34、hen bring it home to eat.(A) 61. In England, many people have a quick lunch.(B) 62. Office workers often eat eggs and coffee for lunch.(B) 63. Tea only means drink for British people.(A) 64. Englishmen like French and Chinese food very much.(A) 65. People in England often have a evening meal with th

35、eir family.四、 阅读下面两篇短文,根据短文内容选择正确答案。 AOne day, Mr. Smith went to a dinner party. He was wearing very old clothes. He came into the room, but no people look at him. They didn't ask him to sit at the table. He wasn't happy, but he said nothing.Mr. Smith went home quickly and put on his best cl

36、othes. He went back to the party. Everyone in the room stood up and looked at him. They gave him good food to eat.Mr. Smith took off his coat, and put it on the food and said, "Eat, coat!" The other people were surprised and asked, "What are you doing? Why do you do that?"Mr. Smi

37、th answered, "I am asking my coat to eat food. When I wore old clothes, you didn't look at me. You didn't ask me to sit down. Now I am wearing these nice clothes. And you give me good food. Now I see, you give the food to my coat, not to me."(B) 66. One day, Mr. Smith went to .A. a birthd