《最新英美概况》练习解析[美国部分]

1、最新英美概况 练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209 210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The C

2、apitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14 th , June 14 th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A B C D 5. C DIII Decide whi

3、ch of the following statements is TRUE:1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was named as“ America” after explorer AmerigoVespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies first used “ the thirteen united States of Ame

4、rica” in the Declaration of Independence .(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when the Second Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation .2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteen colonies.White indicat

5、es purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies b

6、efore the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthemcome from “ Defense of Fort McHenry ” ,a poem written during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popularBritish drinking song, “ TheAnacreonticSong” (or “ To Anacreon in Heaven ”) .(2) The Star-Spangled Banner wa

7、s used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was made the national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it wa

8、s repainted white.President Roosevelt named it “ WhiteHouse” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arc

9、tic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provide convenient sea routes for foreign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorable

10、conditions for foreign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorable for agriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “ . ” The border was demilitarized after theand has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II

11、 and continued throughout the on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through . Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, in particular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing th

12、e same language, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other s No. 1 trading partner for years) that the two countries have established the North AmericanFree Trade Agreement, the world s largest free -trade zone. Bot

13、h enjoy the most developed and richest economies in the world as well as a comparable standardof living(Canada s welfare system is even more comprehensive and covers morewidely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but also unnecessary (in a sense, impossible, beca

14、use it is too long), because neither people worry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in their country for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the American side) against illegalimmigrants entering the U.S. while people

15、can enter Mexicofreely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immi

16、grants living in the U.S.are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is tocombat crime and terrorism, particularly a

17、fter the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world. SomeMexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In

18、a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguardedas the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S. deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is located between the Arctic

19、 and Pacific oceans, so it s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, the best place to enjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc. The famous Pacific Fle

20、et is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221 222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowsto

21、ne National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “ Barn of America ” , Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.11. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C 2. D 3. A D 4. A

22、B 5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a in the of the United States consisting of the six statesof , , , , , and , where the earliest in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the the resistanc

23、e to the efforts to impose new .The confrontation led to the in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountains are relatively low, and the avera

24、ge altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km.from the Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river i

25、n the world. With hundreds of tributaries, theriver is known as “ the father of waters ”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world s fresh water. All the five lakes are inter

26、-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River. They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, and covers a distance of about 6,40

27、0 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is still a cattle country . Much of the nation s wheat is grown here, therefore the area is known as the “ breadbasket ” of America.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau

28、, and is cut by Colorado River.It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224-225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1.

29、little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.11. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little trouble with water shortage. Except for

30、the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerous fertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests arein the states of Washington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and a

31、bout 75%of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, and thousands of immigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of . The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known

32、 as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves areto be found in the Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near LakeSuperior, and themost important mining area is in Minnesota

33、.P. 226-227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate （P225 书中该词拼写错误） , landforms and surroundingwaters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the foll

34、owing questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But, owing to its large size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, the climate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England b

35、elongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a long cold winter, and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The

36、 Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is very cold in winter and very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremely cold; summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind

37、blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. TP. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.2. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco3. Niagara Falls

38、4. Las Vegas5. Red Rock Country6. The Grand Canyon7. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million.（书中 in 2010 错误 , 应改为 in 2012

39、.）2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White isthe main stream, and takes up about 72.4% of the t

40、otal population. Hispanics16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%, and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the regi

41、on takes up about 1/4 of the total, but almost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas, an area as great as Fran

42、ce and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Pl

43、ains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247-248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, M

44、exico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a country of many ethnic groups from diffe

45、rent parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures towards some “ standard ” by living and working together in the “ melting pot ” of the US and gradually forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the

46、 living place of Indians. Indians were driven westward to live in these barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent. In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaini

47、ngopportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half ofHispanic Americans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin. Other origins include Cuban American

48、s, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250-251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 langu

49、ages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and52 languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are some changes in spelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second most comm

50、on language in America. The United States holds the world s fift h largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also anofficial language of Puerto Rico. Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood a

51、nd Miami, Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253-254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slav

52、es.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from American Constitution. The First Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the freeexercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religi

53、on plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics, education, charity and culture) as well as in its international relations. American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and womenare the children

54、of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on humanrights and criticizes the humanrights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering theinternal affairs of other countries; American churches sent ma

55、ny missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University<燕京大学>) . They worked with theAmerican government for the diffusion

56、of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations. A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world, and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; reli

57、gion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.3. Their basic beliefs include the love of learning; the worship of God out of love, not out of fear; and the performing of the heartfelt good deeds without concerning about

58、rewards.4. The major non-Christian religions include Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism, etc.P. 257I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. racial, cultural2. hard work3. formal class system4. “ do-it- yourself ”5. The Epic of AmericaP. 261-262I Fill in the blanks with names of the holidays.New Year s DayThe third Monday in January, Martin Luther King DayWashington