冠词是一种虚词

1、 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，是不定冠词，the是定冠词。是定冠词。Unit 2 冠冠 词词 （Articles）（一）（一）. . 不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法 1. 用在可数名词前表示用在可数名词前表示 “ “一个一个” ” 相当于相当于“one”one”。. There is a book on the desk. Ill retur

2、n in a day or two.2.2.表示表示“某一个某一个” ” 相当于相当于“a certain”. A Mr. White is waiting for you downstairs.3. 表示表示 “一类一类” 相当于相当于“any”. A horse is a useful animal.4. 表示表示 “每一每一” 相当于相当于“per”. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day. The envelopes are one yuan and twenty fen a dozen.5. 用在某些固定

3、词组中用在某些固定词组中. a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time 6. 用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍:a + 抽象名抽象名 词，词，起具体化的作用。如：起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. It is a pleasure to talk with you. It i

4、s an honour to me to attend the meeting.7. 与物质名词连用，表示与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份一种，一阵、一份”。 What a heavy rain! What a good supper! Please give me a black coffee!8. “a” 用在辅音开头前用在辅音开头前, “an” 用在元音开头前用在元音开头前. a useful book, a European country, a one-year-old child, an hour, an honest boy, an 800-metre-long bridg

5、e, There is an “s” in the word “smile”. f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x,(二二). 定冠词的用法定冠词的用法 1. 表示文中再次提到的人或物表示文中再次提到的人或物. There is a book on the desk. The book is an English book.2. 表示特指的人或物表示特指的人或物(即即:谈话时彼此都知道的人或谈话时彼此都知道的人或物物). Look at the blackboard. Open the door, please.3. 用在单数可数名词前表示类指用在单数可数名词前表示类指 The ho

6、rse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals.4. 表示世界上独一无二的东西表示世界上独一无二的东西 the sun, the earth, the capital, the sky, the universebut: in nature, in space, 5. 用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the Cha

7、ngjiang River, the Urul Mountains, the Philippines, the Pacific6. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前。用在序数词、形容词最高级前。 the second story, the largest room7. 用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。语中。 on the left, in the east / west, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end8. 用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。 the poor

8、/ rich / old / young / living / wounded9. 在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。 The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table.10. 弹奏乐器时，乐器名词前弹奏乐器时，乐器名词前 Do you like to play the piano or the violin? ( play erhu )11. 在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词 The compass was invented in China four thousand y

9、ears ago.12. 年代前年代前 In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, 13. 在表示阶级、阶层的词前在表示阶级、阶层的词前 the ruling class, the working people 14. 用在一些习惯用语中。如：用在一些习惯用语中。如： in the morning (afternoon, evening), by the way, in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/raintell the truth/on the other

10、 hand/on the way home15. 定冠词使用特殊的场合。定冠词使用特殊的场合。 He hit him in the face. beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head the elder of the two, the more beautiful of the two The sooner, the better. He got paid by the hour. by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year 但：但：by weight按重量按重量（三）不

11、用冠词的情况（三）不用冠词的情况 1. 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前等名词前 China , America, Smith, Air is matter. Failure is the mother of success.But: He is the Mr. Zheng you are looking for. He is a living Lei Feng. The Shanghai of today is quite different from what it was . Longjing is a famous tea. a

12、heavy rain, a strong wind, a soup It is a pleasure to talk to him. He wanted to give me a pleasant surprise.2. 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格限制时名词所有格限制时 This book is mine.3. 季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前 spring, summer, autumn / fall, winter, Sunday, October, National Day b

13、ut: in the spring of that year, I met him on a Monday last month.4. 称呼语，表示头衔的名词作宾语补足语及同位称呼语，表示头衔的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时语时 Whats this, Mother? He was made monitor.5. 学科名词，球类、棋类名词前学科名词，球类、棋类名词前 Do you study mathematics? He likes playing football / chess.6. 泛指复数名词前泛指复数名词前 Computers are widely used in our daily

14、life. They are workers.7. 在与在与by连用的交通工具名称前连用的交通工具名称前 by car, by bus, by train8. 某些固定词组中某些固定词组中 (1). 名词词组名词词组 husband and wife, brother and sister, day and night, knife and fork (2). 介词词组介词词组 to / at / from school, in class, in prison, to / at / from work in front of / in the front of at table / at t

15、he table out of question / out of the question in charge of / in the charge of in possession of / in the possession of by sea / by the sea9. as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。冠词。 Child as she is, she knows a lot of French. 10. 系动词系动词turn（作（作“变成变成”解）后作表语的单数解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。可数名词前习惯不用冠词。 T

16、he young girl has turned writer. = The young girl has become a writer.11. 在单数名词在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词（表示同一单数名词（表示“一一个接一个个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。 She did experiment after experiment. shop after shop, mistake after mistake12. 形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。的情况。“most + 形容词原级

17、形容词原级”作作“十分、非常、极十分、非常、极”解解时，前面不用定冠词。时，前面不用定冠词。 Oh, its most beautiful.当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。 She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。相比时，其前不用定冠词。The market in the country is busiest in winte

18、r.形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。不能用定冠词。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序数词前面一般加定冠词表示序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第第”之意，之意，但在但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，又一，再一再一”之意。之意。 why you took a second arrow 注意：下句中注意：下句中“a first”表示表示“第一名、冠军第一名、冠军”。 He is a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths. 13. no与与such连用时应放在连用时应放在such之前，之前，such后面的后面的名词不用冠词。名词不用冠词。No such thing has ever happened in this villa