动词不定式主动表被动的情况

1、动词不定式主动表被动的情况：动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，它有时态的变化，有主动和被动之分。当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式所表示动作的承受者时，通常需用不定式的被动形式。如：He asked to be sent to the front. (他请求被派往前线。)但是，在下列情况下，常用不定式的主动形式来表示被动的含义： 1. 在“形容词 + 不定式”结构作表语、宾补和定语时，其中形容词多为表示性质的词，如：easy, hard, good, difficult, interesting等。如： These apples are good to eat. I find the lecture

2、difficult to understand. 我发现这个报告很难懂。 He is a man easy to get on with. 他是一个容易相处的人。 2. 在too.to.或enough.to .结构中。如： The box is too heavy to move. 这个箱子太重，搬不动。 The book is cheap enough to buy. 这本书很便宜可以买。3. 在“疑问代词 + 不定式”结构中。如： I don't know what to do next. 我不知道下一步该做什么。 She will tell you which bus to ta

3、ke. 她会告诉你坐哪路公共汽车。 4. 在不定式作定语，与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，而与句中的另一名词或代词之间有主谓关系时。如： I have a meeting to attend today. 今天我有个会议要参加。 He gave me some books to read. 他给了我一些书看。 注意:（1）用作定语的不定式为“动词+介词”是介词不能省略。Can you give me a piece of paper to write on.（2） 但如果没有这种主谓关系，则需要用不定式的被动形式。如： I'm going to Beijing next week. Do y

4、ou have anything to be taken to your parents? 下周我要去北京，你有什么东西(让我)捎给你父母吗？ 【拓展】常用句型1)have（give, show）sth. to doHave you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗?Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。2）It（This, That）beaanadj. n. to doIt is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。5. 在下列句型中，to let,

5、 to blame, to seek等用不定形式表示被动含义。如： The house is to let. 这栋房子要出租。 Who is to blame for it? 这得怪谁？ The reason is not far to seek. 理由不难找到。 6. 在there be结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式，在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。如： There is no time to lose (to be lost). 时间紧迫，不能耽误了。 There are still many difficulties to overcome (to be

6、overcome). 还有许多困难要克服。 但有时候用主动和被动可分别表示不同的意思。试比较: There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do.) 我们现在没事干。 There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.) 现在没有什么办法了。 There is nothing to see. (nothing worth seeing) 没有东西值得看。 There is nothing to be seen. (nothing there at all) 看不见什么东西。 7.在

7、with的复合结构中用主动形式表被动With a lot of difficult problem to settle, the manager will have a hard time.练习: 选择填空。练习: 选择填空。1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on2. I'm hungry. Get me something _.a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for e

8、ating3. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese.a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written4. I have no more letters _, thank you.a. to type b. typingc. to be typed d. typed5. The car is rather difficult _.a. to repair b. to be repairedc. repairing d. being repaired独立动词不定式：有些动词不定式常用来表示说话人呢对所谈

9、内容所持的态度或看法To be honest 说实话To tell you the truth 说实话一. Identify its function（说明下列不定式的用法）.1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.

10、 4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. 8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too t

11、ired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. 二不定式填空1. I hope _(invite) to the party.2. they dont allow these books _(take) out of the reading-room.3. he pretended _(read) the book before.4. we had no choice but _(do) what we were asked

12、.5. before he let us _(go) he made us _(promise)_(not tell) anyone what we had seen.6. I expect_(finish) the work by the end of next month.7. they did all they could _(save) the child.8. why _(not report) to the police when the accident happens?9. I have something important _(tell) you.三改错1. I saw h

13、im to fall off the bike just now.2. I would rather walk to the cinema than to take a taxi.3. She preferred to stay at home rather than to go out for a walk.4. Why not to try taking a boat to go there?5. I could do nothing but to wait there.6. Youd better to lose some weight.7. If she comes here, I will let you to know.8. I heard him to sing just now.非谓语动词的时态和语态动词不定式分 词动名词现在分词过去分词主动被动主动被动主动被动一般式完成式进行式完成进行式非谓语动词的句法功能主语宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式动名词分词非谓语动词的时态和语态动词不定式分 词动名词现在分词过去分词主动被动主动被动