非谓语动词的做题步骤

1、非谓语动词的做题步骤非谓语动词的做题步骤1. 判定是谓语还是非谓语。方法：找谓语动词。如果句子已经有了谓语动词，要用的动词有下列 情况：1 ）并列谓语（应有连词and，but，or等）;2）并列句或从句谓语（应有从句、连词或分号3）非谓语动词（作主、宾、表、定、状、补等成分）2. 找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。1）一般是句子的主语；2 ）定语的逻辑主语是所修饰词;3）宾语补足语的逻辑主语是宾语;4 ）独立主格结构的逻辑主语是分词前名词或代词。3. 判断主被动关系。方法：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是 被动关系。4. 判断时间关系。方法:分析句子，看非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时

2、。之前常用do ne;之后常用 to do;同时常用doing。注意：这些只用于一般情况，注意特殊情况，如：有些动词只接不定式作宾语，而有些动词只能接动词-ing形式作宾语。再如：judgi ng from 等一类短语已 固定结构。例如:1)The storm left,a lot of damage tothis area.causeD. hav ing caused分析：(1 )判断是谓语还是非谓语：句中left是谓语，cause要用非谓语形式，排除B项;(2) 找逻辑主语：cause 是“ The storm left的结果状语，逻辑主语是句子主语 the storm ；(3) 判断主被

3、动： cause a lot of damage由the storm 发出的,所以是主动,排除A (caused 作非谓语时是过去分词,表被动)；(4) 判断先后关系:cause damage 与谓语动词left前已经发生,要用表示动作已经发生的having done。答案：D。many times, he still couldn ' tun dersta nd it .A. Hav ingbee n toldB. Being toldC. He had been toldD. Though he wastold分析:(1 )判断是谓语还是非谓语：句中couldnun dersta

4、nd是谓语，没有并列句连词and、butso等，排除C;选项D是让步状语从句，但是manytimes经常用完成时表示强调，排除D所以told用非谓语形式。(2)找逻辑主语：tell要作状语，逻辑主语是句子主语he ；(3)判断主被动：根据句意，he是被别人告的，所以he和tell是被动关系，用be told ；(4)判断先后关系:be told是在 couldn ' tun dersta nd前发生,要用表示动作已经完成的hav ing bee n told答案：A非谓语动词做题七原则1.用作目的状语，多用不定式Whe n asked why he went there, he sai

5、d hewas sent therefor a space flight.A. trainingB. being trainedC.tohave trainedD. to be trained解析：由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和 B。外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系，选2.用作伴随状语，多用动词-ing形式As the light turnedgreen, I stood forgoing to do.A. movedB. mov ingC. to moveD. Being moved解析：move与主语“ I"是主动关系，与stood 同

6、时进行，用动词-ing形式，选B。3. 用作结果状语时，可用-ing形式或不定式不定式多表示意料之外的结果，而合乎逻辑的结 果，即意料之中的结果多用-ing形式。1)The glass doors have taken the place ofthe woode n ones at the entrance n atural light duri ng the day.A. to letB. lett inghav ing letin theC. letD.解析：此处用-ing形式表示自然而然的结果，选2) He hurried to the bookingoffice onlythat al

7、l the tickets had bee n sold out.A. to tellB. to be toldC. telli ngD. told解析：不定式表示出人意料的结果，tell与主语 是被动关系，选B。注意句型： n ever to do/ to be doneHe left his hometow n 20 years ago,n everto return .他20年前离开了，再也没有回来。4. 有被动意义时，多用过去分词但是，所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；强调所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing形式的 被动式1)The children talked so loud

8、ly at dinnertable that I had to struggle.A. to be heardB. to have heardC.heari ngD. being heard解析：根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要 用被动式，排除B和C;另外，"设法被听见”为目 的状语，动作在当时尚未发生，故用不定式，选A.2)At the beginning of class, the noise ofdesks couldclassroom.A. opened and ope ned and closedbe heardoutside theclosedB. to beC. b

9、eing openedand closedD. toope n and close解析：of 后应接-ing 形式，desks 与 open andclose之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因could beheard，所以选-ing形式的被动式表示正在被进行的动作。答案为Co5. 强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，要用完成式。根据句子要求选用不定式的完成式或-ing形式的完成式。from other con ti nents for milli onsndof years, Australia has many pla nts aani mals notfound in any other cou

10、n tries inthe world.A. BeingseparatedB. HavingseparatedC. Havingbee n separatedD. tobeseparated解析：强调完成，与逻辑主语是被动关系，用-ing形式的完成被动式。选C2) Li Mi ng is said abroad. Do youknow what country he studied in?Yes. In London.A. to have studiedB. to study C. to bestudy ing D. to have bee n study ing解析：句型“ sb. +be

11、said+ to do sth. ”表明空白处要加不定式，因为studied 在“is said "之前 发生，用不定式的完成式。选 A。如果studied改成“will study ”，选 B ； studied 改成“ studies ”，可以用Co6. 非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一 致。Faced with a bill for $10,000boss has give n Joh n an extra jobC. an extra job has been takenD.anextra job has bee n give n to Joh n解析：及物动词f

12、ace表示（困难、死亡、毁灭等）缶（某人）,某人作主语一般用（be ） faced with.所以faced的逻辑主语，即句子的主语是人，排除C、是John面临着要付的账单，而不是老板，排除7.所以选A。作定语时的原则：表示动作尚未发生，用不定式；表示动作正在进行，用-ing ;表示完成、被动，用过去分词。注意：动词-ing 形式的完成式（having done,having been done）不用作定语； 受 the first ，theseco nd . the last修饰的名词或代词后多要用不定 式作定语。1) There will be more tha n three hun d

13、redthe dayscie ntists atte nding the meet ingafter tomorrow.D.froA. holdto be heldB. holdi ngC. held解析：因 the day after tomorrow可知选D。2) There are hundredsof visitorsnt of the Art Gallery to have a look at VanGogh ' s paintings.A. waitedB. to waitinC.waitingD. wait解析：waiting 强调正在进行。选C。3)“ Thi ngsn

14、ever come again! ” Icouldn ' t help talking to myself.A. lostB. los ingC. to lostD.have lost解析：过去分词表示被动和完成。选A非谓语动词在句中所做成分比较to do 和v-ing 作主语nd相当于名词或代词，往往用it作形式主语替代 将不定式或动名词放在句尾。It is possible to live an independentafulfilling life.过独立满足的生活是可能的。注意：1）动词-ing作主语，多表示一般的、抽象的、 泛指的概念或一个已经完成的动作，而不定式则表示 具体

15、的某一次或将来的动作。但是有时区别很小。Explori ng the Amaz on River deservescourage.探险亚马逊河需要勇气To explore the Amaz on River this summerhas bee n good n ews to us.今年夏天探险亚马逊河对我们来说是条好消息。2 ）动名词较少用形式主语，只在“ It is nogood/ no use/ fun doing sth.” 等句型中用。It' s fun talking to a foreign teacher.跟夕卜教谈话很有趣。3）句型“ There be+ no +主语

16、”中，多用动词-ing形式。There is no telli ng what will happe n. = It isimpossible to tell what will happe n.无法知道会发生什么事。4）表语是不定式，主语要用不定式；表语是-ing形式，主语也用-ing形式to do , v-ing 和 done 作表语注意：表示一般的概念，不定式、动词-ing形式 作表语可以互换。表示具体的个别动作或有将来含义 时，一般用不定式；过去分词做表语往往表状态。Spring is gone and summer is come .（过去分词）春天去了，夏天到了。Her job i

17、s keep ing the lecture hall as clea nas possible. （动名词）她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净（现在分词）The problem is quite puzzli ng 这个问题很令人困惑。下面情况多用不定式作表语：1）主语表示职业、职责或性质等。I found a part-time job, which is to guidethe patie nts.我找到一份兼职：引导病人2 ）主语是表示目标、计划、打算、希望、决定、选择等的名词。The inten ti on of this book is to in troducepopular sci

18、e nee.这本书旨在介绍科普知识。3）主语和表语都是不定式，主语表示条件， 表示目的或结果。To see is to believe.眼见为实。4）主语为 what从句。What I would suggest is to put offmeeti ng.我的建议是推迟会议。5 ）在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, rema in等后。He seems to be eating somethingin表语thethekitche n.他似乎在厨房吃东西 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被 动语态则表示动作。Don ' t t

19、ouch the glass because it isbroken .不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。The cup was broken by my little sisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（被动语态，表示动作）to do和v-ing作宾语常用v-ing 作宾语的动词：admit （承认），appreciate（感激），avoid （避免），imagine （想象）等Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿见到你了！常用不定式作宾语的动词：offer （提出）intend, promise（答应）,refuse（拒绝）,long（想要）,fail

20、（不能）,pretend（假装）,manage（设法做到）,afford（承担得起）I decided to ask for my money back.我决定要回我的钱。既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语且区别不大的 动词：begin, continue, hate, prefer 等。They prefer spe nding/ to spe nd theirsummer vacati on in Dalia n.他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。注意：应尽量避免接连出现两个动词-ing形式。如：避免说：I am start ing lear ning Russia n.应改成：I a

21、m starting to learn Russian.既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语但区别很大的动词：can't help (to) r do.不能:帮忙做某事iiioing.,禁不住做某事The medicine can' t help to get rid of yourcold.这药不能帮你治好感冒。The girl couldn ' t help crying when shesaw her mother aga in.当小女孩再次看到母亲时，她情不自禁地哭了起 来。不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语：It had no effect

22、 except to make him an gry.那除了会让他生气外没有任何作用。英语中除了介词but/ except夕卜，介词后一般接动词-ing 形式作宾语：admit to （承认），be equal to （等于），see to （注意，处理），stick to （坚持） 等，其中的to都是介词。in the flower-li ned garde n.每年春天她盼望着在铺满鲜花的公园里散步。作形容词busy' worth的宾语:The music is well worth liste ning to morethan once.这首曲子很值得多听几遍。We are bu

23、sy prepari ng for the sports meet.我们正忙着为运动会做准备。to do , v-ing 和done 作宾语补足语1）在动词 ask, tell, cause, allow, permit,forbid, want, advise, force, get, en courage,warn等后接不定式作宾语补足语。Every teacher ought to encouragetheirstudents to think for themselves.每一位老师都应激励学生独立思考问题。2）在感官动词 feel, hear, listento, look at,n

24、otice, observe, see, watch和使役动词 have, let,make等词后的宾语补足语中，不定式不带to，但是这些句子如果变成被动结构，就必须带to。They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.他们看见那个男孩突然从树上掉下来。但是：The boy was seen to fall suddenlyfrom the tree.3）特别提醒：hope, dema nd, agree, suggest,insist等不能跟不定式作宾语补足语。x I agree you to leave early.V I allow you t

25、o leave early.我同意你提前离开。4）动词-ing作宾语补足语表示与宾语之间的主 动关系或正在进行，而过去分词表示与宾语之间的被动关系，或动作已经完成，强调动作的结果，而不定 式一般强调动作的过程。We heard her singing n ext door.我们听到她正在隔壁唱歌。（主动、进行）We heard her ofte n sing n ext door.我们听到她常在隔壁唱歌。（主动、完成）We heard the song sung by her.我们听这首歌被她唱过。（被动、完成）We heard the song being sung n ext door.我

26、们听见隔壁有人在唱这首歌。（被动、进行）He had his money stole n.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）Jim often has his father help him with hishomework.吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。They had the tractor working all the time.他们让拖拉机一直工作着We won ' t have the child talking to hismother like that.我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话to do , v-ing 和 done 作定语I have a lot of

27、work to do.我有许多工作要做。（work是to do的逻辑宾语）In the old days the poor had no cha nee togo to school.从前，穷人没有机会上学。（to go to school“机会chanee ”的内容）The room was quite dark in side, so he made some can dles to give light.房间里很暗，所以他制作了一些照亮的蜡烛。（candles 做了 to give light 的动作，是不定式的逻 辑主语）我们需要更多的合格的老师。The girl dressed in

28、 red is my daughter.穿红色衣服的女孩是我女儿。The experieneegained will be of greatvalue to us.已经得到的经验会对我们非常有价值。walkingsticks 手杖/a bookingoffice 售票（说明所修饰词的用途，表示“供作之用”，这时v-ing形式与名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，是动 名词。）a sleeping baby正在睡觉的婴儿 / a puzzlingproblem困扰人的问题（说明所修饰词的性质或动作，表示“的”，此时v-ing形式与名词有逻辑上的主谓关系，是现在分词。） 注意：1）如果不定式所修饰的名词是t

29、ime, place或way,不定式后面习惯上要省略介词He had no money and no place to live.他没有钱也没有地方住。（如果我们用room 代替place，就应该用noroom to live in。因为此处的不定式与前面的名词构成动宾结构，不及物动词live要加in才能加宾语，即to live in the room。但是在像place 一样的特殊词汇，习惯上省略介词。）2）不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承 受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，又可用被动语态， 但含义不同。如果修饰名词的不定式的动作是主语做 的，不定式用主动语态。试比较：Have you

30、anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send的逻辑主语是you）Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗?（不定式to be sent的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是没有提到的me或someone else ，这时不定式用被动语态）3）不定式作定语多表示将来，而动词-ing形式表示正在进行或用途，过去分词则表示已经完成和被 动。a problem to be discussed tomorrow明天要讨论的问题a problem being discussed now现在正讨论的问题a problem discus

31、sed for thousandsyears已讨论多年的问题a wait ing room候诊室注意:of1）选择v-ing形式还是过去分词作定语取决于动词与所修饰词的主动或者被动的关系，即其逻辑主 语是其所修饰词。a lettera letterofferingme the jobwhich offered me the job封给我这份工作的a letter written by his boss = a letter whichwas written by his boss封老板写来的信2）不定式作定语常表示将来，对比:the bridge r- to be repaired 要修丁.1

32、 桥J bang repaired正在緣理的桥 I网血詛la乩y謝去年修的桥to do, v ing 和 done 作状语不定式作状语，一般表示目的（前面可以加inorder或so as已示强调）、原因（多在表示情感的词后）、结果（出乎意料的结果，前可加only或too.to,eno ugh to等结构）。I come here only to say good-bye to you.（目的）我来只是向你告别（结What have I said to make you an gry?果）我说了什么让你这么生气?I am pretty pleased to hear the n ews that

33、you are elected as the preside ntof the club.（原因） 听说你被选为俱乐部主席，我非常高兴。动词-ing形式作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、 结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。Having made full preparations,we areready for the exam in ati on.（时间）我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。Being ill, he didn' t go to school yesterday.（原因）由于生病，他昨天没有上学。His father died, leav ing him a l

34、ot of money.（结果）他父亲死了，留给他许多钱Turningto the right, you will find a pathleadi ng to his cottage.（条件）向右转你会找到通往他的茅舍的小路。Knowing all this, they made me pay for thedamage.（让步）尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.（伴随）他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。过去分词做状语Told that his mother was ill,

35、Li Lei hurriedhome quickly. （时间）知道了他母亲病了，李雷赶紧回了家。Satisfied with what he did, the teacherised him in class.（原因）老师对他做的很满意，在班上表扬了他。Given a few minutes, I ' ll finish it.（条件） 给我几分钟，我就会完成它。Expla ined a hun dred times, he still canun dersta nd it.(让步)给他解释了上百次，他仍然不明白。He fell off a tall tree, his leg br

36、oke n.（结果）他从一棵很高的树上掉了下来，腿骨折了。 注意：1）表示强调或出于表达需要，有时作状语的非谓语形式前常加一个连词： whe n, while, after, before,if, though, whether, uni ess, as if等，相当于省略了主语和部分谓语的状语从句。Though being ill (=Though he was ill), hewould not take a rest.虽然病了，但他仍不愿休息。2）表示主动的过去分词有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。常见的有：lost （迷路）；seated （坐）；hidden （

37、躲）；stationed （驻扌L） ; lost / absorbedin （沉溺于）；born （出身于）；dressed in （穿着）；hetired of（厌烦）等。Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, didn ' t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音Dressed in a jacket, he walked out of thehouse.他身穿一件夹克走出了那幢房子3）动名词的复合结构：相当于名词的动词-ing形式，有时其逻辑主语不 是句子的主语，而有自己的逻辑主语，这时要用动名 词的复合结构：物主代词

38、/名词的所有格+ v-ing形式I would appreciate your calling back thisafter noon.你今天下午给我打电话我很感激What worried the child most was his notbeing allowed to visit his mother in thehospital.最让那个孩子担心的是不让他到医院看他妈妈。We arelook ingforward to thedoctor ' scoming to see her.我们都盼着医生来给她看病。注意：在口语中，v-i ng形式的复合结构作宾语时，可用名词的普通格，或

39、代词的宾格；但在句首作主语， 则不行。I can hardly imagine Peter/Peter 's sail ingacross the Atla ntic Ocea n in five days.我不能想象彼得五天内横渡大西洋。Would you mind my/ me using yourtelescope?用一下你的望远镜介意吗?Your going there will help a lot.你到那里对事情将大有帮助单项选择1. With Father ' s Day around the corner, Ihave taken some money out

40、of the bankprese nts for my dad.A. buyB. to buyC.buyingD. to have bought2. It ' s importantfor the figuresregularly.A. to be updatedB. to have beenupdatedC. to updateD. to haveupdated3. Whe n asked why he went there, he saidhe was sent therefor a space flight.A. trai ningB. being trainedC.to hav

41、e trainedD. to be trained4. Frank ' s dream was to haveshopto producethe works ofhis ownhis ownhands.A. thatB. in whichC. bywhichD. how5 . There is nothing more I can tryyouto say, so I wish you good luck.C. to be persuadedD. to persuade6 . There are five pairs.,but I ' m at aloss which to b

42、uy.A. to be chooseB. to choose fromC.to chooseD. for choos ing7. Special attention should bepaidour earth fromA. topreve nt;beingpolluteB. to preve nt; pollut ingD.C. topreve nting;beingpollutedto preve nting; polluted8 . -Mysister couldn't helpjump ingwith joy at the n ews.-Why not? One can 

43、9; t imagine what itD.A. winningB. to winC. winhav ing won9 . As they are retired, Mr. and Mrs. Scottprefer a housein the countryto their lateyears there.D.A. spendB. spe ndingC. spentspends10. Myteacher was madehisteach ing because of poor health.upD. give n up11. The purpose of new tech no logies

44、is tomake life easier,it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC.not makingD. don ' t make12. I would loveto the party last ni ghtbut I had to work extra hours to finish a report.C.A. to goB. to have gonegoingD. hav ing gone13. - Can you ride a horse?-No, I n ever had the cha nee.this14. We al

45、l thi nk it most foolishmistake.A. for you makingB. of you to makeC. you to makeD. for you to make15. So far n obody has claimed the money in the library.A. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveri ngD. hav ing discovered16. In April, thousa nds of holiday-makersremained abroad due to the volcanica

46、sh cloud.A. stickingB. stuckC. to be17. With the government' s aid, thoseby the earthquake have moved to thenew settleme nts.A. affectB. affectingC.affectedD. were affected18. The manager ,his factoryproducts were poor in quality,decided to givehisworkers further trai ningA . knowingB . knowntok

47、nowD. being known19 . As we joined the big crowd I gotfrom my frie nds.D. missed20. Theoldman,abroad fortwenty years,ison the way back to hismotherla nd.A. to workB. work ingC. to haveworkedD. hav ing workedon21. The pilot asked all the passengersboard to remainas the pla ne was mak inga landing.A.

48、seatB. seati ngC. seatedD. to be seat ing22. The prize of the game show is $30,000and an all expe nsesvacati on to Chi na.paiA. payingB. paidC. tobeD. being paid23. The repairs cost a lot, but it's moneyweIIA . to spendB. spentC. beingspe ntD. spending24. The man ager,it clear to us thathedid n

49、' t agree with us, left the meet inroom.A . who has madeB. having madeC. madeD . making25. The Tow n Hallin the 1800' s wasthe most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. havingbeencompletedC. completedD. beingcompleted26. The flowerssweet in the bota nicgarde nattractthe v

50、isitors to thebeautyofn ature.A. to smellB. smell ingC. smeltD.to be smelt27. Every onewasbyhisprogress which he made duri ng the twomon ths.A. surprised; surpriseB. surprised;surprisedC. surprised;surpris ingD. surpris ing;surpris ing28. When he turned around,he foundpair of eyeshim.A. look ingB. w

51、atch atC. fixi ng onD.stari ng at29. Steve n has devoted all his life toto thefilms, and Kate, his wife, is alsoduty of her professi on.A. make; devotedB. mak ing; devot ingC. mak ing; devotedD. make; devot ing30. The film,true story of this RedArmy general, attracted people' s interest al over the coun try.B. is on the base ofC.which is the base ofD. based upon31. We were toldthat the stonefigureback tothe 16th cen tury was ofgreatA. is based onvalue.A. datedB. dati ngC. com