第四讲冠词和数词

1、3) .指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：Let' s go and give it to the teach自们去把它交给老师吧。 Open the doo，please请打开门。4) .用于某些固定词组中。 例如：in the morning / after noon / eve ning 等。5) .用在形容词前表示一类人。the old老人the you ng年轻人the rich富裕的人the poorthe deafthe blind6) .用在表示 姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。The Whites are spe nding their holiday in E

2、n gla nd.The Gree ns came to China two years ago .7) .用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place颐和园the United States 美国 the October Revolution 十月革命the Ch in ese People ' s Liberatio n Ar中i 国人民解放军the Long March 长征8) .用在序数词或形容词最高级前The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully i

3、n class.He is the tallest one in our class.9) .世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙) the globe 太阳系 the uni verse 宇宙 the atmosphere大 气层 The sun rises in the east.The earth goes round the sun.10) .在世纪，年代名词前用冠词。in the 1980s 或 in the 1980 ' s世纪 80 年代in the nineteenth century 二十世纪例如:中考英语总复习第四讲冠词和数词主讲人：郑艳丽 班级：三班、冠

4、词冠词属于虚词，在句中不能单独充当句子成分。冠词通常和名词连用，放在名词前面，说明其意义。英语中冠词只有两种：不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。1. 不定冠词的用法1）. a/an用于单数可数名词前。（名词读音以辅音开头用a；以元音开头用an,如：an apple, an hour.请区别：a useful machine, an umbrella, a“）” , an “ h”2. ）指人或事物的某一类。That is a pen, not a pen cil.那是钢笔而不是铅笔。Give him a pear, please!请给他一个梨。Liste n! A boy is singing

5、in the classroom.3）.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。There is a cat under the chair.椅子下面有一只猫。（强调种类）There is one cat under the chai椅子下边有一只猫。（强调数量）4）.表示基本单位，作 每一 ”讲。例如：three times a day, 10 yuan a kilo six class a day, thirty miles an hour 等。2. 定冠词的用法1）.定冠词的最基本的用法是 特指”：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。Do you know the girl in a

6、 red skirt?你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗 ？Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。2）.再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：Tom has an apple. The apple is big and red.There is a boy un der the tree. The boy is my brother.11）.在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。the Changjiang River 长江the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋12）.在乐器的名称和表

7、示方向、方位的名词前，加定冠词。She played Mozard on the pia no.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.13）.在有些词组中，有定冠词和无定冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of在前面,in the fro nt of在范围内的前部in hospital （生病）住院，in the hospital 在医院里。3. 零冠词（即指不使用冠词的情况）1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词The desk is made of wood.What is work? Work is struggle2）.在节日

8、，假日，季节，月份，日期，星期等名词前，不加冠词。Spring is the best seas on of the year.Do you feel like coming to a party on Saturday?4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时不加冠词女口： this morning， my pen, your watch 等5）在球类运动、棋类、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：have breakfas，play chessplay basketball6）当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时,中间无冠词by bus， by train，by car

9、，二、数词by air，by bike，by pla ne数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词 叫序数词。1. 基数词1）基数词1-12是独立单词one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve2）基数词13-19是个位数的词尾加词缀-teen。记忆 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen3）整十位数的基数词20-90是十位数词加后缀-ty。记忆 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty,

10、 ninety4）21-99之间非整十位数的基数词由十位数和个位数合成，中间加连词符“2. 序数词1）序数词第一，第二，第三需要特别记忆，first, seco nd, third2）序数词第四至第十九都由其数词后加-th构成。fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth3）十位整数的序数词的构成是将基数词词尾中的y变为i，再加-ethtwentieth, fortieth, fiftieth, ninetieth4）第二十一以上的序数词由基数词加最后一个序数词构成twenty-first, thirty-third3. 数词的用法1）编号的表达方式可用序数词或基数词表示，序数词

11、位于名词前，并加上定冠词；基数词位于名词后。如： Less on Five /the fifth less on.2）年、月、日表示法“年”用基数词，“日”用序数词，其顺序常用“月，日，年”1997 年 7 月 1 日 写作：July 1st, 19973）时间的表达 表示整点：基数词（+o 'lock）三点整 three o'clock （可写作3:00） 非整点表达：顺读法，钟点数+分钟数逆读法，使用介词past和toA表示“几点过几分”（30分钟内，含30分钟），可以用介词past。2:05 读作：five past two3:20 读作：twenty past thre

12、eB表示“差几分几点”（30分钟内，不含30分钟），可以用介词to。5:58 读作：two to six8:35 读作：twenty five to nine 特殊表达法，一刻钟quarter 半half4）分数的表达法分子用基数词，分母用序数词；若分子大于一，分母上的序数词要用复数形式133 one third5 three fifths分数中的整数部分用基数词表示，并用and连接整数和分数部分。2色10two and three ten ths5）小数表示法读小数时，小数点（point）后面的每位数字依次用基数词读出5.3 five point three8.93 eight point

13、nine three6）度量衡单位的表达方式基数词+量词+相应的形容词/介词+相应的名词10 米长 ten meters deepten meters in depth20 米长 twenty meters longtwenty meters in len gth度 degree 摄氏 centigrade 负的，零下minus/below小数点 point28 摄氏度 读作：twenty-eight degrees centigrade 零下 10 摄氏度 读作：mi nus ten degrees cen tigradeten degrees below zero cen tigrade8

14、）四则运算力卩 plus 减 minus 乘 times 除 divide5+3= ？ How much is five plus/a nd three?4+5=9 Four plus five is/are nine.7-3=4Seve n minus three is/equals four5*3=15 Five times three are fiftee n.15/3=5 Fiftee n divided by three equals five.9）倍数表示法一半用 half，一倍用 once,两倍用 twice/double，三倍及三倍以上用”基数词+times”a. 主语+谓语+

15、倍数+ as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。b. 主语 + 谓语+倍数 + the size （amoun，length ）The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的 49 倍。c. 主语+谓语+倍数+形容词（副词）比较级+ thanThe grain output is 8 perce nt higher this year tha n that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍The produc

16、ti on of grain has bee n in creased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了 4倍。7）温度的读法冠词过关检测I. 用a; an; the或不填(/)完成下列句子填空。1. I boughtsame pen as she bought.2. police caughtthief byarm.3. They are paid byhour.4. I went toLondon byairplane.5. The little girl wanted to go tocinema.6. I live onFifth Avenue.7.

17、Next day I will go tocountry to go on business.8. It isuniversity anduniversity is very large.9. I needhour to take a break.10. It isuseful horse.11. 单项选择。()11 Does Tom havepe用Yes, he has.A. an; some B. a; one C. a; / D. any; one( )12. This isold motorbike. old motorbike is Mr. Zhang's.A. an; Th

18、e B. the; An C. a; The D. the; The()13. apple a day keeps the doctor awayA. The B. A C. An D. /( )14. How many pencils do you hav&s not mine.I havepencil. It is red. Thisis brown, so it'A. a; an B. a; a C. one; an D. one; one()15. Tim isone-year-old baby.A. a B. an C. the D./()16.panda isChi

19、naA. The; a B. A; the C. The; from D. The; the)17. We can't seesun atnightA. the； the B. the； / C. a； / D. /； /)18.useful dictionary it is!A. What an B. How a C. What a D. What)19. One day he foundsuitcase There was oelhe comer ofsuitcase.A. a; an; the B. a; a; the C. an; an; an D. the; a; a)20.

20、old man with white hair spokeEnglish well atmeeting.A. An; an; a B. The; /; anC. The; /; a D. The; /; the)21. _ Great Wall islongest wall in the world.A. A; a B. The; the C. A; the D. The; a)22.new bridge has been built overMarling RiverA. The; a B. A; / C. A; the D. An; the)23.young man over there

21、ispopular teacher in our school.A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the)24. She used to beworker but later she becameengineer.A. a; an B. a; the C. /; a D. a; /)25. We made himchairman.A. a B. the C. an D. /)26. Tom Smith isEuropean He works in our school.A. a B. an C. the D./)27. Is she fromUSA?A.

22、 an B. a C. the D./)28. Does Allan often playsoccer afterschoolA. ; B. ; theC. the; D. a;( )29. He gave 5000 yuan to our school day before yesterday.A. anB. oneC. a D. the( )30. Australia is English-speaking country.A. aB. anC. theD. ( )31. She has _ orange blouse _ blouse is niceA. a; The B. an The

23、 C. an; A D. the; The ( )32. This is orange. It's small orange.A. an; a B. a; theC. a; an D. an; the( )33There is “ h” in the word“ 1 ”“hour ”A. aB. anC. theD. ( )34. I can play piano very well, but I don' t know how to playA. a; an B. the; / C. /; / D. a; the 数词过关检测I. 用所给词的正确形式填空。1. The (on

24、e) month of a year is January.2. -How ofte n do you go swimmi ng in summer?-(two) a week.3. September is the _(nine) month of a year.4. One (five) of the world population is in China.5. There are (eighteen) floors in the building and my home is on the(eighteen) floor.6. There are (hundred) of teache

25、rs in our school.ches7s. aMt y name is Jack Smith. Jack is my (one) name.all.A. a; an B. an; a C. the;D. the; the( )35. There is Uncle Wang here.A. B. the C. a D. an( )36. Beijing is beautiful city It's capital of China.A. a; a B. the; the C. ; the D. a; the( )37. Heilongjiang is in _ northeast

26、of China.A. B. an C. a D. the( )38. I've been a teacher there for nearly three and half years.A. aB. an C. the D. /( ) 39. -Could I speak to Mr. Wang, please?8. -When is your birthday? - It9. - What' s the date today?10. What 's ten minus ten? It11. 单项选择。s February (two).- It 's Marc

27、h (eight)' s . (0)( ) 11. This is a small class, and of the students are boys.A. two thirdB. second threeC. two thirds D. two three( ) 12. The population of China is about .A. 13 millionB. 130 millionC. 1.34 billion D. 13.4 billion( ) 13. Please open your books at page 5 and we are going to lear

28、n the lesson.A. aB. anC. theD./( ) 14. boys took part in the Happy Boy Competition but only few of them( ) 40. I will have breakfast after reading my English book.succeeded .-Sorry, you have dialed the wrong number. There isnt Mr. Wang here.A. two B. three C. fifth D. sixC. Milli ons of D. Thousa nd

29、s and millio ns( )15. During the Seve n-day Nati onal Day holiday,families went outi ng.A. thousa nd B. thousa nds ofC. thousands D. thousands and thousands()16. In our school,of the stude nts are girls.A. three fifths B. three fifthC. third fiveD. third fifths()17. What time is it now?It ' s.A.

30、 nine forty-five B. forty-five past nineC. fifty-five to nine D. three quarters to ten( )18. December ismonth of the year.A. oneB. the lastC. lastD. the first( )19. There aredays in a year.A. three hun dreds sixty-fiveB. three hun dred and sixty-fiveC. the third hun dred sixty-fiveD. third hun dredt

31、h and sixty-five( )20. The computer was very expe nsive. I spe nt fiveyua n on it.A. thousa ndsB. thousa ndC. thousa nds ofD. thousa nd of( )21. Can you write aarticle about your school life?A. two-h un dred-wordB. two-h un dred-wordsD. two-hu ndreds-words()22. Which floor do you live on?-Thefloor,

32、and my room nu mber is.A. nin th; nine zero twoB. sixth; six zero sec ondC. five; five zero sec ondD. five; five zero two()23.ln our citypeople have bought new cars.A. thousa ndB. thousa ndsC. thousa nds ofD. many thousa nd()24. Now boys and girls, please turn to pageand look at thepicture in Less o

33、n Five.A. twen tieth, two B. twenty, twoC. twen tieth, sec ond D. twen ty, sec ond()25.My three bikes are all broke n. I want to buy aone.A. threeB. thirdC. fourthD. four()26. Aboutof the stude nts in our class are from the coun tryside.A. three-fifthsB. four-fifthC. two-fivesD. fourths-five()27. Th

34、e first day of a week is.A. Sun day B. Mon day C. Saturday D. Friday()28. 20125520 can be read.A. two milli on one hun dred twen ty-five thousa nd five hun dred and twentyB. twenty milli on one hun dred and twen ty-five thousa nd five hun dred and twentyC. two billion one million twenty-five thousan

35、d five hundred and twentyD. two thousand million one hundred thousand and five hundred and twenty()29. My friend Dale is in.A. One Class, Grade NineB. class two, grade eightC. Class Four, Grade NineD. Grade 9, Class 3( )30. He is theone to pass the finishing line.A. oneB. firstB. twoC. three()31. Your English is poor, so you' d better go abroad to improveA. on