信息化作业设计方案

1、七年级英语上册语法学习知识点总结初一英语语法学习知识点总结初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的,但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小,容易被忽视,但这些知识点掌握不熟练,往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时,要认真、细心,不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,如果要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一下,一、初一英语语法词法1、名词A、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:一在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germa

2、ns, apples, bananas二x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三1以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四以o结尾加s(外来词。如:radios, ph

3、otos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六单复数相同(不变的有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有

4、:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员九合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man 或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼fishes鱼的种类, paper纸papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作works作品,工厂, glass 玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水or

5、anges橙子, light光线lights灯, people人peoples民族, time时间times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡十一单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如:Is (Is, Ks (Ks。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen,Englishman-EnglishmenB名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如

6、下:一单数在后面加s。如:brothers, Mikes, teachers二复数以s结尾的直接在s后加,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers Day教师节, classmates; Childrens Day六一节, Womens Day三八节三由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如: Mike and Bens room迈克和本的房间(共住一间,Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间2、代词项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数I me my

7、mine myself复数we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数you you your yours yourself复数you you your yours yourselves第三人称单数she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself复数they them their theirs these those themselves3、动词A第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:一一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells,

8、waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes三1以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四以o结尾加es。如:does, goes五特殊的有:are-is, have-hasB现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:一一般在后加ing。如:

9、spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing要双写最后的辅音字母

10、再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:一一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st。如:greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -larges

11、t二以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly, busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easi

12、est四特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。 first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thi

13、rteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英语语法句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句a This is a book. (be动词b He looks very young. (连系动词c I want a sweat like this. (实义动词d I can bring some things to school. (情态动词e Theres a computer on my desk. (There be结构否定陈述句a These arent their books. b They do

14、nt l ook nice.c Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d Kate cant find her doll.e There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.2. 祈使句肯定祈使句a Please go and ask the man. b Lets learn English!c Come in, please.否定祈使句a Dont be late. b Dont hurr y.3. 疑问句1 一般疑问句a Is Jim a student? b Can I help you? c Does s

15、he like salad?d Do they watch TV? e Is she reading?肯定回答: a Yes, he is. b Yes, you can. c Yes, she does. d Yes, they do. e Yes, she is.否定回答: a No, he isnt. b No, you cant. c No, she doesnt. d No, they dont. e No, she isnt.2 选择疑问句Is the table big or small? 回答Its big./ Its small.3 特殊疑问句问年龄How old is Lu

16、cy? She is twelve.问种类What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.问身体状况How is your uncle? He is well/fine.问方式How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones.问原因Why do you want to join the club?问时间Whats the time? (=What time is it? It

17、s a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00.问地方Wheres my backpack? Its under the table.问颜色What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black.问人物Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My bro

18、ther.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?问东西Whats this/that (in English? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My fir

19、st names Ben.Whats your family name? My family names Smith.12 问哪一个Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 问价格How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 问电话号码Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作 Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 问职业(身份 Wh

20、at do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor.三、初一英语语法时态1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:Be 动词:Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情态动词:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano.行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomato

21、es? They dont want to ea t any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Na ncy writing a letter? Nanc

22、y isnt writing a letter.Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They arent listening to the pop music.1. 形容词的用法:形容词用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定语、表语,用于限定被修饰语的特征,如长短、大小、重量、颜色、高矮、胖瘦、新旧等,。The little girl is very pretty. 这个小女孩很好看。-I want that one. 我想要那个。-Which one? 哪一个?-The new b

23、lue one. 那个蓝色新的。Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那个大的漂亮的吗?2、人称代词:是用来表示人的代词,有单数和负数之分,有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语;人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,是作动词或介词的宾语。主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语宾格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。Can you see them in the street? 你能看

24、见他们在街上吗?3、可数名词和不可数名词英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词;凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。(1可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或some many等修饰。如:a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens(2不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰,但可以用some a little much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配,这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的,有单数形式,也可以有复数形式。如:

25、some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water4、祈使句祈使句用来表示请求、命令等,句中没有主语,肯定形式由谓语或者谓语+宾语(+宾语补足语构成,否定形式则在句前加Dont. Stand up, please. 请起立。Dont worry. 别担心。can的用法:can是情态动词,表示能,会,可以,被允许等,其后接动词原形,否定形式为cannot,可缩写为cant.She can speak Japanese. 她会讲日语。I cant remember

26、his name. 我不记得他的名字了。Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗?5、现在进行时态:概念:表示现在(说话瞬间正在进行或发生的动作,也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。结构:由be动词(am, is, are + 动词ing构成,其中be动词要与主语保持性数一致。Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。-What are you doing now?你现在在干什么?-Im reading English. 我正在读英语。Are they drawing the pictures now?他

27、们正在画画吗?动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的,规则变化如下:动词ing形式叫动词现在分词,其构成如下:1 直接在动词后加ingplayplaying, dodoing, talktalking, sing-singing2 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加ingmakemaking, writewriting, havehaving, taketaking3 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这个辅音字母,再加ingrunrunning, stopstopping, putputting, swimswimming注意对现在进行时态的判断。判断一个英语句子用什么时态

28、,主要看句子的时间状语,一般说来,每种时态都有与之相对应的时间状语。现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间正在进行或发生的动作。因此,这个时态最常用的时间状语是now;但有不少句子并没有now,只能通过提示语如look、listen等或者通过上下文来确定用现在进行时。She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打扫房间。Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看!那个女孩在那里跳舞。Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我们一起做游戏吗?Cant you see I am doing my homework?

29、 你没看见我正在做作业吗?6、have/ has的用法:1 谓语动词have表示有,有两种形式:have和has,前者用于第一人称(I, we,第二人称(you和第三人称复数(they,后者用于第三人称单数(he, she, it或单数名词。I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一个苹果,他有两个香蕉。You have a new English teacher. 你们有了一个新的英语老师。It has two big eyes. 它有一双大眼睛。Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和杰克有一辆好看的车。2 have

30、/has句型与there be句型的比较:两者都表示有,但用法不同。前者表示所属关系,即表示某人或某物有什么,而后者表示存在,表示某地有什么。They have some new books. 他们有一些新书。There are some new books on their desks. 他们桌子上有一些新书。She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。3 have/ has的否定句,一般要加助动词do/ does,再加not构成,即do

31、 not have (dont have/ does not have (doesnt have . She does not have a sister. 她没有姐姐。We do nt have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。Ann and I dont have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。4 一般疑问句由助动词Do/ Does + 主语+ have + 宾语构成,回答用Yes, do/ does.或者No, dont/ doesnt.-Do you have a big house? 他们的房子大吗?-No, they dont.

32、不,他们的房子不大。-Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮吗?-Yes, he does. 他有的。5 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词+ 助动词do/ does + have (+状语构成。What do they have? 他们有什么?What does he have? 他有什么?How many telephones do they have? 他们有几部电话?7、介词用法:1 具体时间前介词用at。. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。She goes to bed at eleven oclock. 她十

33、一点睡觉。2 表示在早上，在下午，在晚上的短语中用介词 in，且定冠词 the 不能省略；表示在中午，在夜里的短语中介词用 at，不 加冠词。 in the morning 在早上，in the afternoon 在下午，in the evening 在晚上 at noon 在中午，at night 在夜里 3 表示在某天、在某天的上午、下午等的短语用介词 on。 What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么？ Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五晚上出去

34、吃饭吗？ He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看 DVD。 Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日，家长们带着孩子去公园。 4 在 this, last, next, every 等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词。 What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么？ He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。 She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。 8、一般现在时 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征或状态。 其动词形式是：动词原形（只有第三人称单数作主语时除外，要加-s）其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词 do 或 does 1 肯定句用行为动词原形表示 Th