2012届高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读能力综合培养训练集（五十五）

1、2012届高考英语二轮专题复习阅读能力综合培养训练集（五十五）AHow to Be a WinnerSir Steven RedgraveWinner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病)Believing my career(职业生涯) was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and compet

2、ing. That was itthe encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isnt difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasnt finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”Karen PickeringSwimming World Champion“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 da

3、ys a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to suceessyou cant follow a career in any field without being wellorganized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and youll be a st

4、ep closer to achieving them.”Kirsten BestPoet & Writer“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I cant achieve something. Then，there are other distractions,_such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such asca

5、lm，peaceorfocus， either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological(心理的) tool.”语篇解读本文叙述了三位名人在成功的道路上所经历的不同的事情，一是战胜了病痛，一定克服了精力分散的困难，一是通过坚持不懈努力，最后都取得了胜利。1What do

6、es Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?A. Difficulties influenced his career.B. Specialists offered him medical advice.C. Training helped him defeat his disease.D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.解析推理判断题。第一部分写了Sir Steven得了糖尿病，但最终克服了病痛拿到了金牌，故D项符合题意。答案D2What does Karen Pickering put on top

7、of her diary?A. Her training schedule.B. Her daily happenings.C. Her achievements.D. Her sports career.解析事实细节题。第二部分第二句中，it指代前面的句子内容，即她的训练计划。答案A3What does the underlined word“distractions” probably refer to?A. Ways that help one to focus.B. Words that help one to feel less tense.C. Activities that tu

8、rn ones attention away.D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.解析猜测词义题。从下文“The key is to concentrate.”可以推出是指分散作家注意力的活动。答案C4According to the passage，what do the three people have in common?A. Courage.B. Devotion.C. Hard work. D. Selfconfidence.解析事实细节题。第一部分中“I could still be a winner if I believe

9、d in myself.”，第二部分中“Trust yourself.”及第三部分中“It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence.”都表明自信是他们三个的共同之处。答案D长难句解读Trust yourself，write down your goals for the day，however small they are，and youll be a step closer to achieving them.相信你自己，不论目标多小，每天把它们写下来，这样你会向实现它们又迈进了一步。“祈使句and/or现在将来时句

10、子”结构中，祈使句可转换成由if引导的条件句。本句含有两个祈使句，第二个祈使句又含有一个让步状语从句。BPeople diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientist

11、s.The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female ，had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group, ”explains Marian Wong. “All other group members

12、 are nonbreeding females, each being 510% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5 10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a

13、 fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the_evicted_fish_is then eaten up.It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much

14、they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.T

15、he discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors smal

16、l.While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr.Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far fr

17、om exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve lon

18、gterm health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females own ideal.”语篇解读人们节食是为了更有魅力。令鱼类专家们惊奇的是有种鱼也要节食。实验发现它们节食可不是为了美，而是为了自我保护。如果身体大小吸引到竞争者的注意，会有被殴打、驱逐，最后被吃掉的危险。5When a goby grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor, it_.A. faces danger B. has breeding rightsC.

19、 eats its competitor D. leaves the group itself解析推理判断题。从第三段可得知如果身体大小超过权威的规定范围，会有被殴打、驱逐最后被吃掉的危险。答案A6The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to _.A. the fish beaten up B. the fish found outC. the fish fattened up D. the fish driven away解析猜测词义题。从本段前文可知，体积超标的鱼会被赶出鱼群。接着说到，不仅如此，这些鱼往往会

20、被吃掉。这些鱼一定是指被驱逐的鱼。答案D7The experiment showed that the smaller fish_.A. fought over a feast B. went on diet willinglyC. preferred some extra food D. challenged the boss fish解析事实细节题。从第四段中的试验可得知这些鱼是自愿节食。答案B8What is the text mainly about?A. Fish dieting and human dieting.B. Dieting and health.C. Human die

21、ting.D. Fish dieting.解析主旨大意题。文章通篇都是围绕鱼的节食来叙述。故选D。答案DCFind Which Direction Is SouthDo you have a good sense of direction? If not, please take with you a compass. But if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way.It s never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted

22、(委托) with the job of mapreading actually knows where the family is. You can tell by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. Never mind. The sun is shining and it s still morning. If you dont know the exact time, you can still find out where south

23、is, but youll need to be patient.Find a straight stick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow.Try to position the stick as vertically(垂直) as you can.You can check this by making a simple plumb line (铅锤线)with a piece of string and weight. You haven t got any string？OK, use

24、a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight.Mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick.Wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again.Keep doing this until you have made several marks.The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shado

25、w, which is cast at midday, when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south.Pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick.That point is south of where you are.Now you can turn the map, like you did before, and find which way you should be tr

26、avelling.语篇解读你有好的方向感吗？如果没有，那就要带上指南针。如果没带指南针呢？你仍然可以用其他方法找到方向，本文就是教你如何找到方向的。1To find the direction, we ought to be patient probably because_.A. it is not easy to find a proper stickB. it is not easy to position the stickC. it takes hours to make the marksD. it takes about half an hour to make the mark

27、s解析推理判断题。依据文章中的可以看出，做阴影的标记最费时间，所以要耐心。答案C2The passage would probably be most helpful to_.A. those who draw mapsB. those who get lostC. those who make compassesD. those who do experiments解析推理判断题。依据文章第二段，“我们发现地图上的标记跟身边的不一致”，可以知道这是迷路时的现象，所以答案为B。答案B3Which of the following pictures best shows the way of f

28、inding the direction of south?解析依据文章中的叙述，可知：离树棍最近的那条线代表的阴影最短，证明当时太阳在天空最高，指向的就是最南方，对应的正好是A。答案A4The author presents this passage by_.A. telling an interesting storyB. describing an activity in a lively wayC. testing an idea by reasoningD. introducing a practical method解析细节理解题。本文介绍的这种方法切实可行，所以作者是通过讲述一个

29、很实用的方法来阐述这篇文章的。答案DDPlants cant communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects suc

30、h as bugs and bees.Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants.A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away or even che

31、micals that attract the bugs natural enemies.Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The “enose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when theyre attacked.Scientists say the enose could help quickly detect wh

32、ether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses ，enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.The research team worked with an enose that recognizes volatile

33、 compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the enose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato pla

34、nts, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch (打孔器)The enose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber，pepper

35、and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage by insects or with a hole punch had been done to the tomato leaves.With some finetuning，a device like the e

36、nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.语篇解读植物会说话吗？植物如何“交流”？本文中的科学家们正在尝试用enose来测试植物受到伤害时的反应。5We learn f