初中介词讲解

1、 介词讲解 课标要求了解及掌握介词的基本用法，能够辨别介词词组的意义与区别，并且，要求学生可以在具体的语言环境中准确运用介词的用法。一， 考纲要求1. 掌握常见介词的基本用法，如表示时间，方位，方式的介词的基本用法 2.介词构成短语的意义，用法，及意义的区别。2. 命题趋势：介词的基本用法中的表示时间的介词；介词短语的固定搭配在选择题，完型题中的考查。二， 考点表示时间，地点及方式的介词基本用法；基本固定介词短语的用法，及易混词组的区分。三， 介词知识精讲1. 概念 介词（虚词），不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类 或短语活从句前。 中考需要掌握的 11 个

2、介词：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before 表示时间的介词。2. 介词的句法功能A、作定语：The book on the table is mine.B、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）； They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain（表原因）； They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）C、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.D、作宾语补足语：

3、I found him in the office.3.介词基本用法A.表示时间的介词in表示年、季节、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上；on表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上；at表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点。at表示具体“钟点”时间at seven oclockat half past twoon主要用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上，还用于具有某种特征的一天。on Mondayon August 8th, 2008on the night of National Dayon a rainy eveningin用于世纪、年、季节、月in the 21st century / in

4、 2010in spring / in January表示在一段时间以后in a week（一周以后）固定用法in the morning / afternoon / eveningAt noon; at nightat noon / night / midnightin 的第二种用法。表示“在一段时间以后”：in， after 两者区别：I will come back in a week. 我一周后将回来。 I came back after a week. 我一周后回来了。“in+时间段”表示将来时（用在表示将来时的句子中）；“after+ 时间段”表示过去时（用在表示一般过去时态的句子

5、中）。例题： “What do think Joe will be _ five years?” “He will be a policeman. ”B.表示方位的介词表位置时： in “在.内/里面” in the desk _on意为 “在的上面”； on the desk _ “在两边”、“在左边/右边” on the right/left _在树上in the tree 逗留在树上的鸟，人等 on the tree 生长在树上的叶子，果实等在墙上 in the wall 窗户，钉子，洞孔等嵌入墙内的东西 on the wall 地图，画像等悬挂，张贴在墙上的东西在报上 in the n

6、ewspaper 印刷在报纸上的内容 on the newspaper 放在报纸上的东西，眼睛、书等 over意为“在（垂直）的正上方”；above意为“在（不一定垂直）的上方”；1. 都可表示“高于”，over 主要表示垂直在上的正上方，而 above 则不一定表 示正上方。2. 均可表示数目、数量等的“多于”、“超过”、“以上”。 指数量时，over(morethan) 表示“超过” above(=higher than) 指上下垂直的度量以及海拔高度e.g：Youhavetobeover18toseethisfilm.你得超过十八岁才能看这部电影。Themountainisover(mo

7、rethan)4,000metresabove(higherthan)sealevel. 那座山海拔有四千多米高。3. 若含有动态或覆盖的意味，通常用 over，而不用 above。 Sheputhercoatoverthesleepingbaby.她把大衣盖在那正在睡觉的孩子身上。 Theresaclothoverthetable.桌上摊着一块台布。 Sheputherhandsoverherface.她用手遮住脸。 under意为“在（垂直的）正下方”；e.g. under the chair _below意为“在（不一定垂直）的下方”；低于e.g. temperature will fa

8、ll below zero _-over-under；above-below near意为“在附近”；next to意为“紧挨着”；round / around意为“在周围”；by意为“在旁边”（stand by）；表地点：in 在范围较大的地方； at 在范围较小的地方study_ home; arrive_ Beijing; _ the bus stop; 表示两者的位置关系时：in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”； on表示“接壤；相邻”； to表示“相离；相隔”，两者不属同一范围，也不接壤。Taiwan is in the east of China. _India is on the

9、 south of China._Japan is to the east of China._介词意 义例 句on在上His book is on the desk.under在下The football is under the chair.in在里There is a pencil case in the schoolbag.in front of在前There is a tree in front of the house.behind在后He is standing behind me.beside在旁边Tom is sitting beside the window.C.表示延续时

10、间的介词by意为“在之前；不迟于”；for意为“历时之久；持续”；in意为“在以后；在时间内”；since意为“自从以来；自以后”；until用于否定句中，意为“直到才”，（not.until）用在肯定句中，意为“直到为止”a) 他已经当老师9年了。He has been a teacher _ nine years.b) 我已经在这儿住了10年了。I have lived here _ ten years ago.c) 他十分钟之后将会回来。He will be back _ ten minutes.d) 直到五月，我们才会看到一些花。We dont see any flowers _ Ma

11、y.e) 你必须得在这里站到太阳落下去为止。You must stand here _ the sun sets.f) 我明天早晨八点前必须得到校。I must be at school _ eight tomorrow morning.g）你能在五分钟之内干完这些工作吗？Can you finish your work _ five minutes?D表示方式的介词介词用来表交通，常把by, in, on来用；by要直通海陆空，限定、复数用in / on；骑马、骑车惯用on，小轿车前in才通。【注】1. by + 交通工具，意为“乘坐”。如： 海：be ship / boat / sea 陆

12、：by bus / car / train / bike / taxi 空：by air / plane / spaceship2. on / in + 限定词 + 交通工具，意为“乘坐”。（交通工具前面有the，ones等限定词时，介词不能用by，用in或者on）e.gHe goes to work on the bike / in his car/on the train/on his mothers bike. 他骑自行车 / 开车/坐火车/ 骑他妈妈的自行车去上班。3. on foot为固定短语，意为“步行”。E. 表示运动方向的介词across意为“从表面穿过”，或沿某一条线的方向而

13、进行的动作；through意为 “从内部穿过”；past和by表示“从旁边经过或路过”。如： Please be careful when you go _ the street. Look! The mosquito is trying to fly _ the window. We often go _ a bakery on our way to school.F: 介词练习题：1.He kept his head _ water when he began to learn swimming, but he raised his head now and then A. over B.

14、 below C. above D. up2. Another grand bridge will be built _ the Pearl River in our city. A. along B. up C. on D. across3. Ill leave Beijing for Guangzhou _ a week, while my brother will leave Guangzhou for Beijing _ our National Day.A. in, in B. after, in C. after, after D. in, after4. The huge pic

15、ture looks more beautiful _ the blue sky.A. against B. to C. over D. under5. The climate here doesnt agree _ her.A. to B. on C. with D. at6. Standard time in Beijing is eight hours _ Greenwich Mean Time(GMT格林威治标准时间).A. after B. front C. ahead of D. forward7. - Can you tell me whats your aim in life,

16、 Li Ping?- I am aiming _ a famous physicist. A. at B. for C. in D. to8. Pass _ the bus, everyone. the conductor shouted politely. A. on B. into C. to D. along9. I was angry _ missing the gongfu film with Cheng Long as hero.A. at B. with C. for D. on10. We were anxious _ news of your safe arrival.A.

17、to B. of C. for D. at11. Tom was arguing _ the payment of the bill_ John.A. about; on B. over; with C. on; on D. with; with12. They were astonished _ the news of his escape from prison.A. for B. in C. at D. to 13. He was absorbed _ a book and didnt hear your repeated call.A. to B. in C. with D. at14

18、. - Are you familiar with the bank over there?- Only a little, I have an account _ it.A. in B. with C. to D. of15. The doctor bent _ the boy and checked his wound.A. up B. on C. above D. over16. Mary answered all the questions _ the last one, which she had never heard of before. A. besides B. except

19、 C. apart from D. except for17. Hunan lies _ such provinces as Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou and Chongqin. A. among B. above C. beside D. between18. The dying man is _ the help of the doctor.A. outside B. without C. out of D. beyond19. I dont know why he blamed the accident _ me.A. at B. to C.

20、for D. on20. The horse is blind _ the left eye.A. to B. in C. for D. on21. He is very strict with others, but he is always blind _ his own shortcomings.A. for B. to C. with D. in22. We will never forget this historical lesson written _ blood.A. by B. with C. of D. in23. It is said that a bridge is b

21、eing built _ the river.A. under B. to C. over D. at24. - How did you go to work yesterday?- I went to work _ my friends private car.A. by B. in C. on D. at25. The train leaves at 6:00 p.m., so I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p.m. at the least. A. until B. after C. by D. around26. I called _ you l

22、ast night, but you were out.A. with B. on C. at D. in27. You should write the first letter of the sentence _ capital one.A. on B. with C. in D. at28. He is too careful _ his money; he never buys a drink for us.A. to B. at C. for D. with29. Can you say _ certain when he will come here?A. at B. for C.

23、 with D. in30. More than 20 years ago he was badly wounded in the anti-Vietnam war. Since then he can only walk _ an arm-chair .A. in B. on C. by D. over31. Einstein didnt care for money. Once he used a check _ $1000 as a bookmark and then he lost it.A. for B. of C. about D. to32. When the Chinese d

24、elegation arrived at Vienna airport, they were received _ cheers. A. in B. for C. on D. with33. The little boy is very clever _ every subject.A. at B. in C. about D. on34. Her clothes are very bright _ colour. A. of B. in C. on D. with35. Dont sit _the corner of the desk. Thats impolite for a studen

25、t.A. on B. in C. to D. at36. It is said that the step-mother is very cruel _ the children.A. with B. at C. about D. to37. The boy is curious _ everything. I am sure he is very clever.A. to B. about C. with D. in38. She is crazy _ the film star, while her brother is crazy _ surfing.A. to; for B. on;

26、to C. for; at D. for; on39. Once everyone is _ his life, he will instinctively(本能) find every possible way _.A. in danger of; out of danger B. in the danger of; out of dangerC. in danger of; out of the danger D. in the danger of; out of the danger40. Lets put our heads together and decide _ a plan o

27、f action.A. on B. about C. for D. at41. During her study in Massachusetts Institute of Technology she has got the degree _ PhD, and it is a degree _ chemistry.A. of; at B. in; at C. of; in D. in; of42. In China children, even in their twenties depended _ their parents _ food and clothing.A. upon; on

28、 B. on; in C. on; for D. at; to43. Our national scenery Zhangjiajie is so charming that it is _ description.A. out B. beside C. over D. beyond44. _ the _ of modern industry, the pollution is becoming more and more serious.A. With; developing B. Under; developmentC. With; development D. Under; developing45. The twins look much like each other, but they are different _ nature.A. in B.