2021中考语文复习咏物诗山水田园诗

1、咏物诗、山水田园诗谢灵运、王维、孟浩然 山水诗人一一吟河护卫队”高适、岑参、王昌龄、王之涣 一一边塞诗人一一边伏侠”柳永、李清照、李煜一一文风悲戚的婉约派词人一一赋愁者联盟 诗歌分类咏物诗山水田园诗送别诗怀古咏史诗边塞诗羁旅诗闺怨诗讽喻诗哲理诗等诗歌鉴赏思路【写了什么】一一描绘了什么景色、事物、人，事件是什么【抒发了什么感情】【用了什么手法】诗歌鉴赏答题公式=内容+手法+情感（或景物的状态） 诗歌鉴赏类型一：咏物诗鉴赏咏物诗是借自然界中的万物寄托诗人自己的感情。在诗人笔下，花鸟草虫皆有品，一花一木皆关情, 他们或咏物寄兴，或咏物怡情。【特点归纳】1 .求其形似”一一曲尽其妙2 .由物到人，由实

2、到虚，写出精神品格，求其 神似”一一不滞于物3 .写作技巧 常用表现手法：托物言志；对比、衬托（反衬）；象征。常用修辞：比喻、拟人。 常用描写手法：正面描写、白描、侧面描写。【答题步骤】1 .读清”全诗2 .分析物象的外在特征、环境特点和内在品性。3 .联系诗人自身经历和所处社会环境，揣摩诗人所托之情，所言之志。4 .体会诗人手法的高妙。例1 .柳李商隐曾逐东风拂舞筵，乐游春苑断肠天。如何肯到清秋日，已带斜阳又带蝉。注:李商隐青年时就考中进士，朝气蓬勃，充满信心，然而由于党争倾轧，使他长期沉沦下僚。诗人写此 诗时，妻子刚病故，自己又将只身赴蜀，去过那使人厌倦的幕府生涯。试析 曾逐东风拂舞筵”中

3、逐”字的精妙之处。(2)试析这首诗对比的表现手法。诗中表现了诗人怎样的思想感情?例2.白云泉白居易天平山上白云泉，云自无心水自闲。何必奔冲山下去，更添波浪向人间。(1)简要分析诗中抒情主人公的形象特点。(2)本诗在艺术手法上有何突出特点？试简要分析。诗歌鉴赏类型二： 山水田园诗鉴赏过故人庄孟浩然故人具鸡黍，邀我至田家。绿树村边合，青山郭外斜。开轩面场圃，把酒话桑麻。待到重阳日，还来就菊花。归园田居陶渊明少无适俗韵，性本爱丘山。误落尘网中，一去三十年。 羁鸟恋旧林，池鱼思故渊。开荒南野际，守拙归园田。 方宅十余亩，草屋八九间。榆柳荫后檐，桃李罗堂前。 暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树

4、巅。 户庭无尘杂，虚室有余闲。久在樊笼里，复得返自然。山居秋瞑 王维空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。 明月松间照，清泉石上流。 竹喧归浣女，莲动下渔舟。 随意春芳歇，王孙自可留。【小结】情怀山水 风光优美 田园生活恬然 借景抒情，情景交融【情怀】A.表达对现实的不满，怀才不遇的苦闷。B.对宁静、平和、归隐生活的向往，抒发闲适自得的心情。C.自己遗世独立的高尚情怀和隐居生活的幽寂高雅。D.歌颂劳动生活，以及在劳动中与农民的深情厚意。E.反映农村生活与人民生活的贫困。【答题术语】（给分点）1 .思想内容一一热爱自然、向往自由、归（退）隐、闲适淡泊悠然自得2 .表现手法一一借景抒情情景交融3 .写景方法描写

5、角度一一如近景与远景、俯视与仰望等；描写顺序一一如从外到内、从近到远等；描写方法一一如正面与侧面、实景与虚景 （现实与想象、神话，以实衬虚或以虚衬实 卜动静结合（以动衬 静、以有声衬无声卜粗笔勾勒（白描）、远近结合、点面结合、五觉（感觉、听觉、视觉、味觉、触觉 ）结合、 声色结合等。4 .语言特点一一清新自然 质朴自然 清新洗练 例3.春行即兴李华宜阳城下草萋萋，涧水东流复向西。芳树无人花自落，春山一路鸟空啼。 这首诗的三、四两句运用了哪种修辞方法？请具体说明。 古人在谈到诗歌创作时曾说:作诗不过情、景二端。”请从 景“和 情”的角度来赏析这首诗。English Song Time!Brown

6、 Eyes DestinyRemember the first day when I saw your face Remember the first day when you smiled at me You stepped to me and then you said to me I was the woman you dreamed about Remember the first day when you called my house Remember the first day when you took me out We had butterflies although we

7、 tried to hide and we both had a beautiful night The way we held each other's hand the way we talked the way we laughed It felt so good to find true loveI knew right then and there you were the one I know that he loves me cause he told me so I know that he loves me cause his feelings show When h

8、e stares at me you see that he cares for me You see how he is so deep in loveI know that he loves me cause it's obvious I know that he loves me cause it's me he trusts and he's missing me if he's not kissing me and when he looks at me his brown eyes tell his soul Remember the first d

9、ay, the first day we kissed Remember the first day we had an argument We apologized and then we promised and we haven't argued sinceRemember the first day we stopped playing games Remember the first day you fell in love with me It felt so good for you to say those words cause I felt the same way

10、 too The way we held each other's hand the way we talked the way we laughed it felt so good to fall in love and I knew right then and there you were the one I know that he loves me cause he told me so I know that he loves me cause his feelings show when he stares at me you see that he cares for

11、me you see how he is so deep in loveI know that he loves me cause it's obvious I know that he loves me cause it's me he trusts and he's missing me if he's not kissing me and when he looks at me his brown eyes tell his soul I'm so happy so happy that you're in my life and baby

12、 now part that you're a of me you showed meshowed me the true meaning of the love and I know he loves meI know that he loves me cause he told me soI know that he loves me cause his feelings show when he stares at me you see that he cares for me you see how he is so deep in loveI know that he loves me cause it's obviousI know that