高三英语Unit 4 George Washington冀教版 知识精讲

1、高三英语Unit 4 George Washington冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 4 George Washington学习过程1. in ones honour1）为纪念，为庆祝，向。表示敬意= in honour of =in memory of 2） 以名义They held a state funeral in honour of the statesman.=They held a state funeral in the statesmans honour 他们为这位政治家举行了国葬。The spokesman make the speech in honou

2、r of the president. 发言人以总统之名发表讲话。 2. 1）marry into 结婚后成为家族的一员She married into a rich family她嫁到了有钱人家。He married into the Kennedy family他婚后成了肯尼迪家庭中的一员2）marry sb. 表示嫁给某人；与结婚。例如： John married Mary last week.上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。 3）be/get married to sb表示与某人结婚。例如： Jane was married to a doctor last month. 上个月简和一位医生结

3、婚了。 Rose got married to a teacher.罗斯和一位教师结婚了。 4） marry sb to sb表示父母把女儿嫁给某人或为儿子娶媳妇。例如： She married her daughter to a businessman.她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。3. influential a. 有权势的,有影响的Examples:（1）Our newspaper is an influential newspaper in this city.我们的报纸在本市有很大影响力。（2）He used his influential friends to help him get

4、into the civil service by the back door. 他利用那些有权有势的朋友帮助他走后门，到政府行政部门任职。influence v. 影响,感化n. 影响力，感化力，势力，权势Dont let me influence your decision.不要让我影响你的决定。His parents no longer have any real influence over him.他的父母对他不再有任何真正的约束力了。4. promote v. 促进，提升，升迁，促销（1）The young army officer was promoted to the rank

5、 of captain. （be promoted to sth 被提升为） 这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。（2）Exercise promotes health.锻炼可增进健康。（3）We must promote commerce with neighbouring countries.我们必须促进与邻国的贸易.promotion n. 促进,提升,推广1）There are good chances of promotion in this firm. 这家公司里提升的机会很多。2）This years sales promotions havent been very successful

6、. 今年的推销活动不是很成功。5. aid in vt. 帮助（在给予帮助，救助）Examples:（1）A dictionary is an invaluable aid in learning a new language.在学习一种新语言时，词典是非常有用的工具。（2）A cane or staff used as an aid in walking.手杖是用于帮助行走的杆或棒。aid n. 帮助，有帮助作用的事物v. 援助，帮助Theyve made an urgent request for international aid.他们紧急请求国际援助。Aid to the Third

7、World is at present little more than a drop in the ocean.目前对第三世界的援助不过是杯水车薪.相关短语:first aid （对伤患者）急救 in aid of支持，援助with the aid of sb.=with sb.s aid 在某人的帮助下aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人去做 aid sb. in/with 为（事）帮助某人a hearing aid 助听器 teaching aids 教具 give/offer aid 援助medical aid 医疗救护aid与help作动词时，都有“帮助”之意，有时可通用。不

8、同点：aid 是比较正式的用法，较为庄重，在日常生活中并不多用；help则含义较广，特别在日常生活中用的较多，几乎所有用aid的地方都可以用help代替，但在表示“救护”时，用aid不用help。6. contribution 1）“（to）贡献，捐助，捐献”，如to contribute food and clothing for the relief of the poor.捐赠食品和衣服以救助贫民。Each worker contributed one dollar to the Red Cross.每个工人都向红十字会捐献了一美元。2）“投稿”，如contribute two stor

9、ies to the magazine给杂志投两个故事She asked him to contribute a biweekly article on European affairs. 她约他每两周写一篇有关欧洲情况的文稿。contribution n “贡献”，make contribution to doing sth.对作出贡献He has made an important contribution to the companys success.他对公司的成功作出了重要的贡献。7. serve as vt. 担任；充当；起的作用8. In a way, Im glad you m

10、ade that mistake, for it will serve as warning to you. 在某种意义上来说，你犯那个错误我倒很高兴，因为那个错误会对你起警告作用。9. This sofa can serve as a bed for two .serve v. 可作用，服务，对待Examples:（1）She has served the family faithfully for thirty years. 她为这个家忠心耿耿地操劳了30年。（2）We are well served with gas in this town. 这个城镇煤气供应得很好。（3）He ser

11、ved some sweets to the children. 他为孩子们拿来他们要买的糖果。10. pave the way for 为铺平道路；为创造条件The agreement paves the way for a lasting peace.这个协议将为持久和平铺路。11. be responsible for 担负（对负责）Examples:（1）We should be responsible for the generation as yet unborn. 我们应该对下一代负责。（2）Everyone should be responsible for his work.

12、 每个人都应对自己的工作负责。responsibility n. 责任1）Its my responsibility to lock the doors.我负责锁门。2）Ill bear full responsibility for the consequences.我将对后果承担全部责任。3）I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it.我错了，我愿为此承担责任。response n. 反应I looked in her face for some response, but she just stared at me b

13、lankly.相关短语in response to 对做出反应take responsibility for 对负责be responsible for 对负责，作为的原因be responsible to 向负责12. It was during this time that he fought for the freedoms of all citizens of the United Stated, for the people that were alive during that time, and also for future generations. 强调句结构是英语中最常使用

14、的句型之一，用来强调谓语以外的任何成分。其构成形式是：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分。在本结构中，it无意义，It was Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slades life.正是约翰的快捷动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。13. acknowledge、admit、confess 和 recognize这组词均表示“承认”的意思。acknowledge v. 着重指公开承认某件以前不能公开的，没有披露的或是曾经否认的事情、过错等。也指接受或承认某一原则作为约束力、权利。ad

15、mit v. 指屈服于外界的压力或者由于自己良心的谴责、判断力的驱使，而不得不承认一件事实确凿、不可否认的事情。 其不情愿的意味比acknowledge强烈。可与介词to，with连用，语气更为正式。confess v. 常指供认、招认、坦白错误、罪行等。有时也表示谦逊和对别人的尊重。recognize v. 指正式承认具有某一特殊身份、地位、权力、义务或某一事实存在的合法性、真实性。14. on arriving at the orchard they saw a fine sight, indeed!On 表示“在（刚）的时候” ，相当于一个时间状语从句On reaching the ci

16、ty he called up his parents. 一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。15. call on vt. 号召； 约请；访问（1）The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily. 政府号召青年义务献血。（2）Tomorrow Ill pay a call on him. 明天我将要去拜访他。相关短语：1）call at拜访某地I called at your office yesterday, but you were not in.2）call for需要；要求；邀约（人）；取（物）Suc

17、cess called for hard work. call for a doctor去请医生3）call in 请来;收回Mother is badly i11. so call in a doctor at once. 4）call up打电话；征召；回想起I called Tom up and told him the news. In most countries men are called up at the age of 18. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the vi

18、llage called up scenes of my childhood16. despite prep. 不管,尽管； 相当于in spite of， 但用于比较正式的场合，口语中一般不用。例如：He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.Despite all this, he managed to keep his temper.Despite all our efforts we still lost the game.尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。注意：despite是个介词，后面一般跟名词（短语） althoug

19、h是连词,后面接从句 e. g. Despite his age, he is very strong. Although it was cold, he went out without a coat.17. deliver v. 递送,表达,释放,交付,接生Examples:（1）Newspapers are delivered every day.报纸每天都送来。（2）The doctor delivered her baby.医生给她接生。（3）They prayed to God to deliver them from danger.他们祈求上帝把他们从危险中拯救出来。18. la

20、y out vt. 花费（投资，展开，设计，布置，划定）Examples:（1）I had to lay out a fortune on that car.我得为那辆汽车花上一大笔钱。（2）The boxer was laid out in the fifth round.那个拳击手在第五回合中被击昏在地.（3）The hill has been laid out as a park.这座小山被布置成了一座公园。（4）How much did you have to lay out for your new car?你这辆新车花了多少钱?lay off vt. 解雇（停工期间,关闭,休息）l

21、ay aside把搁置一旁,留存,储存lay down vi. 放下（记下,拟定,建造）19. dedicate v. 献出 dedicate sth. to（把某物奉献给）devote oneself / ones life to（把自己奉献给事业）Examples:（1）She dedicated her life to science. 她毕生致力于科学。（2）She dedicated her first book to her husband.她把自己的第一本书献给了丈夫。20. engage vt. （1）使订婚；常用过去分词作表语，构成短语: be/get engaged（to

22、sb.）（与某人）订婚。（2）使从事于；使忙于；构成短语: engage（oneself） in sth.或be/get engaged in sth.“从事于某事；忙于做事”。 （3）雇用例：My daughter is engaged to a young teacher.我女儿和一位年轻的老师订婚了。He was engaged in writing letters.他在忙着写信。I cannot go with you .I am engaged.我不能跟你去，我现在很忙。He engaged my sister as his secretary.他雇用我妹妹当他的秘书。练：_in w

23、riting letters, he had no time to notice me. A. EngagedB. MovedC. InterestedD. Surprised21. endure vt. 耐久，忍耐，容忍，持久，持续 短语：endure sth. / endure doing Examples:（1）The secret endured.秘密一直没有泄漏。（2）I cannot endure listening to that any longer. 我再也不耐烦听那一套了。（3）I could not endure the insolence of his behaviou

24、r.我不能再忍受他那傲慢无礼的行为了。22. resolve n. 决定之事,决心,坚决 v. 决定,解决,决心；分解，溶解Examples:（1）He resolved that nothing should hold him back.他下决心不让任何事情阻挡他。（2）The discussion resolved itself into a pleasant chat.讨论变成了愉快的闲聊。（3）Intensive efforts are being made to resolve the dispute.现正全力以赴来解决这场纠纷。注意：solve 一般用于解决难题，如solve a

25、problem, solve a riddle, solve an algebra problem。 而resolve 是用在解决矛盾，或者是解决大难题，较显示问题的严重性，如resolve a conflict, resolve differences，resolve a crisis。23. vain a. 徒然的,虚荣的,空虚的She is vain and foolish, and yet people like her.她自负而愚蠢，然而人们喜欢她。in vain 徒然（白费,无效）We tried in vain to make him change his mind.我们想使他改

26、变主意，结果是白费心机。 sought to persuade him, but in vain.我试图说服他，但无效。All our work was in vain.我们的工作全都白干了。【模拟试题】第一节：单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1. Hi, John！_you for ages. You look fine.Thanks. You look well, too.A. Havent seenB. Didnt seeC. Not having seenD. Dont see2. I h

27、ave sports_, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.A. alwaysB. often C. regularlyD. usually3. _ the news that his headmaster was killed in an accident, he couldnt help crying.A. HeardB. HearingC. Having heardD. To hear4. The college student is _turning doctor.A. under wayB. on his way toC. with the inten

28、tion ofD. likely to5. Students shouldnt say “Get out！or_ _rude remark.A. such anyB. any suchC. a suchD. some such6. She doesnt really live in the house. She _there until the owner returned from abroad.A. staysB. is stayingC. wont stayD. has been staying7. It is four years _she will study in that uni

29、versity. A. sinceB. thatC. afterD. when8. We must stop pollution _longer.A. living B. to live C. from livingD. lived9. _the deer have been returned to the wide since then.A. A large number ofB. A great many of C. A great deal ofD. A large amount of10. So much for the comprehension of the text. Lets

30、_learning the language points.A. go onB. move on toC. keepD. keep on11. Billy Crystal says that always keeping a toothbrush in his pocket for _good luck is because when he started practicing stand-up as a child, he told himself jokes while standing in _ front of _ mirror, brushing his teeth.A. 不填；th

31、e; aB. 不填；不填；theC. a; 不填; theD. a; the a12. I was worried, as my money was beginning to _and there was no jobs to be found.A. hold outB. wear out C. run outD. go out13.The earth goes around the sun, _we all know it.A. asB. whichC. andD. that14. I cant hear clearly _the noise outside so loud.A. becau

32、seB. because ofC. withD. for15. You look sad. Are you homesick?No, not really. I _of my friends at home.A. just thoughtB. am just thinking C. have just thoughtD. was just thinking第二部分：完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从3655各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。As a saying goes, every bean has its black. It is im

33、possible to make no mistakes all ones life. My grandpa Nybakken, a carpenter, is no 36 . Several decades ago he made a mistake a（n） 37 mistake, though.On a cold Saturday, Mothers father was building some wooden cases for the clothes his 38 was sending to an orphanage （孤儿院） in China. On his way home,

34、 he 39 into his shirt pocket to find his glasses, but they were gone. He remembered putting them there that morning, so he drove back to the church. His search proved 40 .When he 41 replayed his earlier actions, he realized what happened. The glasses had slipped out of his pocket unnoticed and falle

35、n into one of the cases, which he had nailed shut. His brand new glasses, having 42 him 20 that very morning, were heading for China! He had to drive home 43 .Several months later, the director of the orphanage came to give a report on Sunday night at my grandfathers church, 44 Grandpa and his famil

36、y also attended.“But most of all,” he said, “I must thank you for the 45 you sent last year. You see, the bandits（土匪） had just 46 through the orphanage, destroying everything, including my glasses. I was desperate.”“ 47 I had the money, there was simply no way of 48 those glasses. 49 not being able

37、to see well, I experienced headaches every day. Then your cases arrived. When my staff 50 the covers, they found a pair of glasses lying on top.”Then, still gripped （吸引注意） with the 51 of it all, he continued: “Folks, when I tried 52 the glasses, it was as thought they had been custom-made just for m

38、e! I want to thank you for being a part of that!”The people listened, 53 for the miraculous glasses. But the director surely must have 54 their church with another, they thought. There were no glasses on their 55 of items to be sent overseas.But sitting quietly in the back, with tears streaming down

39、 his face, an ordinary carpenter realized the Master Carpenter had used him in an extraordinary way. 16. A. expectationB. success C. comment D. exception17. A. perfectB. foolishC. avoidableD. common18. A. factoryB. church C. family D. country19. A. turnedB. reached C. filledD. put20. A. properB. rea

40、sonable C. fruitless D. unnecessary21. A. mentallyB. physically C. anxiously D. directly22. A. charged B. spent C. paid D. cost23. A. disappointed B. pleased C. nonstop D. quick24. A. whichB. what C. where D. when25. A. cases B. clothes C. glasses D. wishes26. A. cut B. swept C. pulled D. broken27.

41、A. Unless B. As long as C. Until D. Even though28. A. replacing B. finding C. wearing D. changing29. A. Except B. Along with C. Rather than D. As for30. A. nailed B. burnt C. removed D. took31. A. preparation B. pleasure C. satisfaction D. wonder32. A. out B. over C. for D. on33. A. pity B. happy C.

42、 curious D. eager34. A. confused B. associated C. combined D. compared35. A. cases B. order C. list D. orphanage第三部分：阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWe have heard of counterfeiting before. Usually it refers to people making money by printing it instead of earning it. But counterf

43、eiting also can involve all sorts of consumer goods and manufactured products. From well-known brand names such as Calvin Klein jeans to auto parts, counterfeiters have found ways to produce goods that look authentic. In some instances, counterfeit products look better than the original! The demand

44、of brand-name products has helped counterfeiting grow into a very profitable business throughout the world and into a serious problem for legal manufacturers and consumers alike. Faulty counterfeit parts have caused more than two dozen crashes. Most counterfeit auto parts do not meet federal safety

45、standards.Counterfeiting hurts manufacturers in many ways. Analysts estimate that, in the United States alone, annual revenue loss runs form $ 6 billion to $ 8 billion. Perhaps even worse, consumers blame the innocent manufacturers when they unknowingly buy a counterfeit product and find it doesnt p

46、erform as expected. Sometimes entire economies can suffer. For instance, when farmers in Kenya and Zaire used counterfeit fertilizers, both countries lost most crops. By copying other firms products, counterfeiters avoid research and development costs and most marketing costs. High-tech products suc

47、h as computers and their software products are especially easy to attack. As long as counterfeiting is profitable, large quantities of products are available to copy, and the laws are difficult to enforce, counterfeiters can be expected to proper for a long time. 36. The word “counterfeiting” most p

48、robably means _.A. making things of poor quality for profit B. making things of good quality for profitC. illegal making of things by copying D. legal making of things by copying37. The most appropriate title for the passage would be _.A. The Effects of Counterfeiting B. The Problem of Counterfeitin

49、g C. The Cause of Counterfeiting D. The Profit of Counterfeiting38. It can be inferred from the passage that hand-made products are “_.”A. easier to counterfeit than high-tech productsB. more difficult to counterfeit than high-tech productsC. less profitable to counterfeit than high-tech productsD.

50、more profitable to counterfeit than high-tech products 39. The quality of most counterfeit products is _.A. not up to the standards of America B. up to the standards of AmericaC. so poor that few people want to buy the productsD. so good that most people prefer them to the authentic onesB There are

51、two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external（外部的） result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new lan

52、guage all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks （路标） along the way. The process is not the ro

53、ad itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they go through new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try new challenges to accept. In order

54、to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to be faced with the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we find ourselves as quick and curious?

55、If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think were shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. So we think were slow to adapt to change or that

56、were not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all. These feelings of insecurity and self doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we prote