18th century english novel

1、Part Four 18th Century English NovelI The Rise of the English NovelQ1: What is novel?Broadly speaking: derived from Italian Novella which means “tale or piece of news” , now applied to any prose work of some length, which tells a story, attempts rounded characterization, amuses, shocks and entertain

2、s the reader. In a narrow sense: a realistic fiction, complete in itself and contains the essential elements of story, character, and setting.Q2: Why and how did the novel come into being in the 18th Century?o Modern English novel, as a social product of the 18th century Enlightenment and industrial

3、ization, really came with the rising of the bourgeois or middle class; o the rapid growth of a large middle-class reading public and increased demand for reading materials Representatives of this period:Daniel Defoe Samuel Richardson Henry Fielding (1660-1731) (1689-1761) (1707-1754) Daniel Defoe (1

4、660-1731) Life (p171)The son of a butchero Jack-of-all-trades: English novelist, pamphleteer, merchant and journalist; the founder of the English novel ,puritano Defoe as a journalist: it makes his reporting vivid and credible by a skilful use of circumstantial detail; possess a particular faculty o

5、f creative imagination; he concerns about working class Defoes works: o Pamphlets and poems: The Shortest Way with the Dissenters (1702)铲除新教徒的捷径-supporting the claims of free churches Hymn to the Pillory (1703)木枷颂(hymn: a song of praise)Defoe in the pilloryo Novels:(since 60 years old）Robinson Cruso

6、e (1719)鲁滨逊漂流记鲁滨逊漂流记Captain Singleton (1720)辛格顿船长辛格顿船长Moll Flanders (1722)摩尔弗兰德斯摩尔弗兰德斯A Journal of the Plague Year (1722) 大疫年的回忆大疫年的回忆Colonel Jack (1722) 杰克上校杰克上校Memoirs of Cavalier (1724) 一个骑士的一个骑士的回忆录回忆录 Robinson Crusoe: it heads the list of modernfictiona The novel is based on the real fact. It w

7、as based partly on the memoirs of voyagers and castaways, such as Alexander Selkirk, who went to sea and was put ashore at his own request on an uninhabited island in the Pacific for 5 years.（英格兰水手亚历山大塞尔格）b The story(P173-176)c Theme:o The development of Robinson Crusoe : from a nave and artless you

8、th into a clever and hardened man;o The realistic record of the successful struggle of Robinson alone against the pitiless forces of nature on the island o The hard struggle against nature and makes him bend before his will d The Character of Robinson Crusoe:o representative of the English bourgeois

9、ie at the earlier stages of its development ;o bourgeois outlooko he does not condemn Negro slavery Features of His Novels:o smooth, easy, almost colloquial, yet never coarse; loved short, lively, plain sentences; nothing artificial in his language o an anti-romantic, anti-feudal realistic writer; A

10、ll his works have a very strong verisimilitude逼真 o adopted the autobiographical form and made full use of his long trained journalistic skill by describing things in great detail and by using specific time and space Summary:o The father(founder) of English novelo One of the first to write stories ab

11、out believable characters in realistic situations using simple prose.ii Samuel Richardson (1689-1761) 1 Life: Born in a joiners family In 1707, was apprenticed to a printer,13years later became a leading figure in the London tradeliterary career began after he was in his fifties2 Major Works: o Pame

12、la: Or Virtue Rewarded (1740)帕米拉美德有报，in a series of letters from the heroine, Pamela Andrews to her parentso Clarissa: Or the History of a Young Lady (1747-1748克拉丽莎), is written in letters, in letters between Clarissa and her family and friends. It is the best of Richardsons novel. a tragic story of

13、 a girl who runs off with her seducer, but is later abandoned.Pamela3 Features of His Novels:o emphasis on detail, his psychological insights into womeno his novel is the first exploration of the relationship between the individual and the society, and the first psychological study of human emotion

14、and motiveo Self examinationo 开创了心理分析和自省类型小说的先河iii Henry Fielding(1707-1754)1 Life:( P238-239)Born in the family of a poor,retired general, educated atEton College and Leiden College.In 1727-1737, a theatricalmanager and playwright inLondon.novelist, playwright, journalist,the founder of the English

15、 RealisticSchool in literature with SamuelRichardson 2 Major Works:o Joseph Andrews (1742)约瑟夫安德鲁-his first novelo Jonathan Wild (1743) 大伟人江奈生魏尔德o The history of Tom Jones (1749) 汤姆琼斯o Amelia (1751) 爱米莉亚3 Tom Jones: o The story: see P240-249, textbooko The theme: -portrays the real life of men withou

16、t disguise;-exposes the hypocrisy and depravity of the ruling class, and pictures the poverty of the working masses who are driven by want to crime. -gives a comprehensive, all-embracing picture of the life of 18th century England, combined with understanding of human psychology and criticism of soc

17、ial evil, together with full-blooded characters, realistically depicted in brilliant, witty and highly artistic language.Tom Jones were recreated in a 1963 movie 4 Features of His Novels: Fieldings method of relating a story: the story may be told directly by the author Satire in Fieldings Novels: Satire abounds everywhere in Fieldings works. He believed in the educational function of the novel His style is