高中英语语法——情态动词总结(附带练习)

1、情态动词总结 I 情态动词的特征：1. 本身有词义。2. 不能独立作谓语。2. 后接动词原形一起构成谓语。3. 不随人称和数的变化。II 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法：1. can 与could用法对比点can could1、表“能力”Can you lift this heavy box?I couldnt understand what he said at all.2、表“许可”You can use a different material instead.He said I could borrow his bike.3、“怀疑”No, no, it cant be tru

2、e.What on earth can this mean?We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless?4、can与be able to 区别1. could代替 can，表示语气更为婉转。 Eg. Could I use your bike? Yes, I can2. can (能够)=be able to(仅表能力时)，但be able to 表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的时态。2.may与 might用法对比点maymight1表“询问”May I ?(=Can I ?)Might I

3、?(=Could I?)(但比用may 更客气)2.表“允许”You may take the boy there.He told me he might come. (might 与told相呼应)3表“可能”“或许”She may nor like this place.Im afraid he might not like this play.注：1. May I?的答语。2. may可表示期望或祝愿 May you succeed !3. may (might) 用于目的状语从句。肯定：Yes, you may.否定：No, you mustnt 不行 （语气强硬）No, you ma

4、y not 或No, youd better not.The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.3. must与have to用法对比点musthave to1. 表“必须”（主观看法）必须；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。He told me I must do according to what he said.（客观需要）不得不，有多种时态。Its raining heavily, we cant go now.2. 疑问句Must I ? Yes, you must.

5、（一定）No, you neednt./ you dont have to.(不必)Do you have to go today?Yes, we do.You dont have to worry about that.4. need与dare用法对比点needdare1.情态v.+动词原形 1）否定式 2）疑问式 He need not (neednt)go.-Need we do it again?-No, you neednt do it again.He dare not say so.Dare she go out alone at night?How dare you say I

6、m unfair?If he dare do that, hell be punished.I dare say. (固定用法)2.实义v. +to do 1）肯定式 2）否定式 3）疑问式He needs to go.He doesnt (does not) need to go.Does he need to do it again?No, he doesnt need ot do it again.He dares to say.He does not(doesnt)dare to say.If you dare to jump into the water from here, so

7、dare I .3. did not need to do表示过去没必要做She didnt need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.(她没有参加)5. should与ought to用法对比点shouldought to1、表“应该”表劝告、建议You should listen to the doctors advice.We should learn from Zhang Hua.“有责任有必要”做某事You ought to finish your work before you go

8、 home.We ought to help each other.2、表“估计”They should get home by now.“非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该”If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch. 注：1）should还可在虚拟语气中的使用2) 注意：ought to的疑问式及否定式-Ought he to go? -Yes, I think he ought to. -No, he oughtnt to. 否定式：oughtnt to do (不说ought to not do) 反疑

9、问句：oughtnt _?6. shall与will用法shallwill1. 征询对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称：Shall I (we)? Shall he (she)? Where shall I (we)wait for you?1. 询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求：Will you (please)? Wont you?Would you like to.? (would替代will更客气)Wont you go and see the film?你不去看电影吗-Yes, I think I will. 不， 我想去。2. 表示说话人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“强制”“允诺”

10、“决心”等，用于第二、三人称。You shall do what I tell you ( to do).我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everything shall be done to save the ship.一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船。2. 表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各种人称：I wont do anything you dont like.我不会做任何你不喜欢的事。Would表示过去时间的“意志”“意愿”Shylock would not take the money earlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要钱的。7. used to与would用法used towould1.表示过去的动作

11、、状态，重在与现在情况的对比，不一定要有时间状语。I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play.My hometown is not what it used to be.1.只表示过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语。I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.2.would 后只接表动作的动词，不接表认识或状态动词He used to be nervous in the exam.2. 表示过去的习惯有时可互换：When we wer

12、e very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.3. 表示过去的次数时，不能使用：( ）We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young.( X ) We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.注：used to do的否定式：usednt to do 或didnt use to do (usednt也可写作usent)疑问式： Did you use to do ?

13、 Didnt you use to do? Used you to do? Usednt you to do?II 情态动词表推测：1. 大多数情态动词（除表能力、许可、意志外），都可以表示推测，其程度有差异。按可能性程度的高低排列为：must will would ought to should 完全肯定 完全可能 很可能 can could may might 可能 有可能2. 区分情态动词的否定含义：may not或许不、可能不 might not可能不 cant 不可能mustnt不许、禁止 shouldnt不应该 neednt 不必3. 情态动词表推测具体运用：情态动词可以对现在、进

14、行、过去推测。S主+情态动词 + be + adj对“性质”“特征”的推测S主+情态动词 + be + n对“职业”“事物”的推测S主+情态动词 + 动词原形对经常性行为的推测S主+情态动词 + be + V-ing对进行着的行为的推测S主+情态动词 + have + PP对过去的行为的推测情态动词表推测时：1、can只能用于否定句和疑问句2、must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了）3、如句中有情态动词 + 完成时，定是对过去的推测 。4、句中如有表示不肯定的话语E.g I am not sure; I dont know 之类，常选may /might的各种形式。4

15、. 表示反劝的特殊的表推测形式1). could + have + P.P.表示本来能做到，但事实上没有做到。He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.2) . couldnt +have + P.P.表示本来不能做到，但已经做到了。She could not have covered the whole distance, but in fact she arrived ahead of time.3) neednt + have + P.P.表示本不必做的，但已经做到了。She neednt have

16、attended the meeting yesterday, but she did.4. ) should/ought to +have + P.P.表示该做而没有做The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given ot more water.5) shouldnt/ oughtnt to +have + P.P.表示不该做而做了。You oughtnt to / shouldnt have taken her bike without permission.5. 注意：must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了）1. m

17、ust + have + P.P. 表示对过去肯定的推测，“一定是，准是”The road is wet. It must have rained yesterday.2. can + have + P.P. 表示对过去的推测（限于问句中）Can she have said so? 他可能这样说吗？3. cant + have + P.P. 表示对过去的否定推测He cannot have said such a foolish thing.III 情态动词表推测的反意疑问句1. 情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，简单来说，就是以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语，则以其为准。2. 以

18、must 为例：E.g. 1. You must be hungry now, arent you? 2. He must be watching TV , isnt he ? 3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasnt he ?4. She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she?注：如选择题中（以She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she？为例）既有didnt she又有hasnt she则以didnt she？为最佳答案。IV 情态动词专项练习与解析( )

19、 1. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not( ) 2. Where is my pen? I _ it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost( ) 3. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see( ) 4.

20、I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been( ) 5. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented( ) 6. He _ you more help, e

21、ven though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give( ) 7. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb( ) 8. Without electricity hu

22、man life _ quite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be( ) 9. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not( ) 10. Jenny _ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would( )11.

23、 We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study( ) 12. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should( ) 13. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B

24、. tell C. be telling D. having told( ) 14. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken( ) 15. Peter _ come with us tonight,

25、but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will( ) 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out( ) 17. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met

26、 my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come( ) 18. Shall I tell John about it? No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt( ) 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken(

27、) 20. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can( ) 21. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been( ) 22. Johnny, you _ play

28、 with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt( ) 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to( ) 24. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They

29、_ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need( ) 25. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed( ) 26. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C

30、. I neednt D. I wont( ) 27. Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might( ) 28. Write to me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can( ) 29. I was really anxious about you, you _ home without a word. A. mustnt lea

31、ve B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave( ) 30. Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may【练习解析】1C 从原题中You can keep it till next week if you like这一信息句可知，“你不必现在还”。2D 从原题中Where is my pen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用m

32、ust + have done表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。3C 原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生，在wish后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。4B 从原题中的I didnt hear the phone.这一信息可以判断出，用must have done表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。5A 从原题中last Saturday这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去 事实相反的过去完成时，主句用would + have done。6A might have + 过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。7C 从原题中的yesterda

33、y这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，If it had not been for “要不是因为”。8D 原题中的Without electricity相当于一个条件句：If there were no electricity,故主句用human life would be quite difficult today.9A can可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句cant，表示“不能，不会”。10B 从原题总的“I wonder why she changed her mind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此，用should + ha

34、ve done，表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。11C 可参看10题。意思是：“昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。”12C 原题中的could不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时，用can回答。同样用would，might提问，用will和may回答。注意 Would you rather do such a thing? Yes, I would. Would you like some tea? Yes, I would.这两个对话中的would rather，would like是惯用法，故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will不能去

35、替换would。13A 可参看10、15题。该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”ought not to have done = shouldnt have done14B 从答语中的Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。15B 从原题中的but he isnt very sure yet这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来，肯定来”，D是“将要来”。16C 可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有17D 从原题中I didnt see your sister at the m