新编英语教程5-Unit-1-Hit-the-Nail-on-the-Head

1、Unit 11. words related to walk (ll. 83-86)march: walk with firm, regular steps like a soldier 齐步前进pace: walk with slow, steady steps, especially backwards and forwards 踱方步patrol: go at regular times round an area, building, etc. 巡逻stalk: vi. stalk out / off / away: walk stiffly, proudly, or with lon

2、g steps 高视阔步地走 vt. to pursue by tracking stealthily 暗中追踪 to go through (an area) in pursuit of prey or quarry 寻找，在搜索猎物或猎场tread (on): step on 踩，践踏tramp: walk (through or over) with firm, heavy steps 用沉重地脚步走，长途旅行step out: (U.S.) go outside or go somewhere (美国口语)暂时走开，走出屋外，下车，游荡prance: move quickly, hap

3、pily, or proudly with a springing step 欢悦地走，（马）腾跃strut: vi. walk proudly or stiffly, especially with the chest pushed forward and trying to look important 趾高气昂地走prowl: vt (animal) hunt another animal; (man) criminal activityvi. around / about / through: move about an area quietly, trying not to be s

4、een or heardplod: walk slowly along (trudge) 沉重缓慢地走stroll: walk a short distance, slowly or lazily, especially for pleasure （懒散）散步， 闲逛shuffle: walk by dragging ones feet slowly along 拖着脚走stagger: walk or move unsteadily and with great difficulty, almost falling 蹒跚sidle: move uncertainly or secretive

5、ly or in a shy way, as if not want to be noticed (羞怯或偷偷地)侧身而行或接近trudge: walk with heavy steps, slowly and with effort (plod) esp. because you are tired home / along / throughtoddle: walk with short, unsteady steps, as a small child does 蹒跚行走ramble: go on a walk for enjoyment/pleasure 漫步roam: wander

6、with not very clear purpose or direction （漫无目的）漫游、闲逛saunter: walk in an unhurried way, and esp. in a confident manner (lounge) 漫步、闲逛meander: wander in a slow easy way not in any particular direction 漫步，散步; (a river) turn a lot: 曲曲折折地流过lounge: move in a leisurely, indolent （不积极，懒惰）manner (saunter) 闲荡

7、loiter: move slowly or keep stopping when one should be going forward 走走停停creep: move slowly, quietly, and carefully so as not to attract attention 蹑手蹑脚地走stride: walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous way 大踏步走、阔步前行Key Points of the Text clumsy, awkward (l.1)clumsy implies stiffness,

8、 heaviness, and blundering as the source of the lack of graceawkward: lacking grace, ease, or proficiencyE.g. His clumsy attempts at the humor failed to get a conversation start. He was quite awkward before large audiences, but very effective at small gatherings. drive something home (l.3): force (t

9、he nail) into the right place; make something unmistakably clear 把（钉子等）打入；使明确无误E.g. (1). He slammed the door and drove the bolt home. 他砰地关上门，把门闩插好。(2). drive ones point home 讲清楚自己的观点deft (l.4): effortlessly skillful; adroit熟练的hit it squarely on the head: hitting it directly on the head. Also hit the

10、 (right) nail on the head: (informal) be exactly right in words or action 正中要害；猜中；说得好，做得好E.g.: Your criticism really hit the nail on the head. 你的批评确是一针见血。 loose phrase (l.6): 模糊，不确切loose translation/style/woman 意译/不简练的文体/放荡的女人 scrupulous writers: writers who are thorough, exact, and who pay careful

11、attention to details 一丝不苟的作家scrupulous: correct even in the smallest detail; exact; painstaking; meticulous严格认真的,审慎的unscrupulous: 不择手段的, 肆无忌惮的, the opposite of scrupulous, seems to be more often used to describe people who do not care about honesty and fairness in getting what they want, or who are

12、completely without principles. Also by hook or (by) crook: to win by hook or crook that constitutes his limitation (ll.23-24): that makes or forms his shortcoming or inability in certain respects human vs. humane: human: relating to or characteristic of humankind or peopleE.g.: human action: action

13、taken by man 人的行为To err is human; to forgive, divine. 犯错人皆难免；宽恕则属超凡。human killer: a person or a machine that kills humans 杀人凶手；杀人机器humane: having or showing compassion or benevolence; characterized by kindness, mercy, sympathyE.g.: humane action: merciful action 人道的行为humane killer: that which kills

14、but causes little pain; instrument for painless slaughter of animals 牲口无痛屠宰机，牲口麻醉屠宰机a man of humane character 温文尔雅 humane studies人文学科 far afield (l.31): far away from; to or at a great distance; very far away 向远处, 远离 rife (l.38): widespread, common（流行的，普遍的）. Rife is an adjective used with something

15、negative.E.g.: (1). Crime and violence were rife in this city before liberation.(2). Typhoid fever (bird flu) is rife. 目前伤寒（禽流感）流行。(3). This article is rife with error. 这篇文章错误百出。 singularity vs. singleness:singularity: strangeness, oddity, peculiarity 奇特, 特性, 非凡E.g.: singularity of mind 思想奇特；标新立异sin

16、gleness: complete devotion to; holding steadfastly toE.g.: singleness of mind 思想专一, 专心致志 imprison: put into prison or keep in a place or state which one is not free to leave 监禁, 关押; 限制, 束缚 coercion (l.48): pressure, compulsion; government by force 强迫，压制；高压统治E.g.: the coercion of public opinion 舆论的压力

17、coerce v.t.: 强制；胁迫；迫使E.g.: coerce somebody into doing something 迫使某人做谋事 coerce uniformity 强求一致coercive adj. = coercionary adj.: serving or intended to coerceE.g.: coercive methods (measures) 强制的方法（手段） epitomize (l.49): be typical of; serve as the typical example of 代表，象征，体现，写 的梗概，作 的纲要E.g.: His poli

18、tical creed was epitomized in this report. 他的政治信念就概括在这篇报告中。epitome ipitEmi n.: 典型，象征；缩影 梗概；缩写，节录 hit on (l.50): strike on; find by lucky chance or have a good idea about（偶然或忽然）发现；碰上；找到；想到 distill (l.51): take and separate the most important parts of (a book, a subject, etc.) 提炼E.g.: distill the essence of 提取的精华 disprove (l.83): prove to be contrary; refute 反驳，证明有误E.g.: He could not disprove the major contention of his opponents. 他驳不倒对方的主要论点。 expire (l.74): die; pass away; come to an end 死亡；过期He died poor. / He died poorly. die like a dog/die a dogs death/die a natu